Characteristics and control factors of feldspar dissolution in gravity flow sandstone of Chang 7 Member,Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

To clarify the formation and distribution of feldspar dissolution pores and predict the distribution of high-quality reservoir in gravity flow sandstone of the 7^(th) member of Triassic Yanchang Formation(Chang 7 Member)in the Ordos Basin,thin sections,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis,X-ray diffraction whole rock analysis,and dissolution experiments are employed in this study to investigate the characteristics and control factors of feldspar dissolution pores.The results show that:(1)Three types of diagenetic processes are observed in the feldspar of Chang 7 sandstone in the study area:secondary overgrowth of feldspar,replacement by clay and calcite,and dissolution of detrital feldspar.(2)The feldspar dissolution of Chang 7 tight sandstone is caused by organic acid,and is further affected by the type of feldspar,the degree of early feldspar alteration,and the buffering effect of mica debris on organic acid.(3)Feldspars have varying degrees of dissolution.Potassium feldspar is more susceptible to dissolution than plagioclase.Among potassium feldspar,orthoclase is more soluble than microcline,and unaltered feldspar is more soluble than early kaolinized or sericitized feldspar.(4)The dissolution experiment demonstrated that the presence of mica can hinder the dissolution of feldspar.Mica of the same mass has a significantly stronger capacity to consume organic acids than feldspar.(5)Dissolution pores in feldspar of Chang 7 Member are more abundant in areas with low mica content,and they improve the reservoir physical properties,while in areas with high mica content,the number of feldspar dissolution pores decreases significantly.

Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China

To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin,the petrology,microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections,fluid inclusions,trace elements and isotopic geochemistry.The source,the time of formation,the mechanism of formation,and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed.The veins are mostly made up of calcite,mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions.Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals:fibrous,rhombic cleavage,and wedge-like structure.Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid.It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic.The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus.The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation.In this way,the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段重力流砂岩长石溶蚀特征及控制因素

基于岩心薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射全岩分析及溶蚀实验,研究鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(简称长7段)重力流砂岩中长石溶孔发育特征及控制因素,明确长石溶孔的形成与分布,为预测优质储集层分布提供依据。研究表明:(1)研究区长7段砂岩中的长石经历3类成岩作用:长石次生加大、黏土以及方解石的交代、长石碎屑的溶蚀作用。(2)长7段致密砂岩中的长石溶蚀主要源于有机酸溶蚀,此外还受长石类型、长石早期蚀变程度以及砂岩中云母碎屑对有机酸的缓冲作用影响。(3)不同长石的溶蚀程度不同,表现为钾长石较斜长石易溶蚀,钾长石中正长石较微斜长石易溶,未蚀变的长石较早期高岭土或绢云母化的长石易溶蚀。(4)溶蚀实验显示云母的存在会抑制长石溶蚀,相同质量的云母对有机酸的消耗能力明显强于长石。(5)在云母含量低的情况下,长7段砂岩长石溶孔较为发育,储集层物性得以改善,而云母含量较高的地区长石溶孔则明显减少。

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组长7页岩油特征及其主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组长7页岩段具有埋深浅、油质轻、油井产能变化大、资源潜力大的特点,明确油藏的富集主控因素是进行高效勘探的关键。根据富县地区长7页岩段铸体薄片、物性、扫描电镜等测试分析结果,结合岩心、测井、地震等资料,对该区长7段地层特征进行了研究,并对其主控因素展开讨论。研究区长7段广泛发育灰色—深灰色—灰黑色烃源岩,其岩性为泥岩和泥页岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ—Ⅱ_(2)型,源岩的镜质体反射率(R_(o))值为0.81%~1.1%,生烃能力强。砂岩储层以细粒长石砂岩为主,孔隙类型以粒内孔、残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔隙和原生粒间孔为主;储层致密,孔隙度主要分布在2.0%~16.0%之间,渗透率主要分布在(0.01~1.20)×10^(-3)μm^(2)之间。砂岩夹层的物性以及距离断裂的远近影响储层的含油性:储层粒度越粗、物性越好,含油气性也越好。储层物性受控于两方面因素:一是沉积微相,水下分流河道微相物性最好,河口坝微相次之;二是成岩作用,早成岩期绿泥石强胶结及方解石弱胶结有助于物性甜点的形成。断层的发育和断层性质对富县地区长7页岩油的富集至关重要。统计发现,当断层断距超过10 m且井筒距断裂在1 km以内时,难以获得工业油流;当断距小于7 m且井筒距离大断裂超过1 km以上时,容易获得工业油流。

鄂尔多斯盆地志靖—安塞地区延长组7段致密砂岩微观孔隙结构评价

储层微观孔隙结构的研究对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。本文采用氮气吸附、铸体薄片观察、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、X射线衍射(XRD)和核磁共振等实验手段研究志靖—安塞地区延长组7段致密砂岩的微观孔隙结构,计算孔隙结构参数,观察微孔分布,分析微孔隙类型,探讨并分析影响微孔发育的矿物成分、粒度及分选等相关参数。结果表明:研究区长7段的岩性主要为长石砂岩;致密砂岩微孔隙结构复杂,主要以黏土粒间溶孔、长石溶孔等形式存在;长7段主要发育小孔喉,微孔体积平均值为6.19×10^(-3)mL/g,孔隙发育差;长7油层组砂岩样品中,长7段的BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积平均值为4.252 m^(2)/g,总孔体积平均值为0.0183 mL/g,最大孔径平均值为185.9 nm;砂岩孔隙以介孔为主,宏孔和微孔次之。

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层特征及主控因素

运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X射线衍射、电子探针、阴极发光、高压压汞、物性测试等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部合水地区三叠系延长组长7段夹层型页岩油储层特征及储层致密化主控因素进行了研究,建立了储层定量评价标准,并预测出有利储层分布。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层主要为岩屑长石砂岩与长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度低、填隙物含量高、孔喉结构复杂,具有高孔低渗特征。(2)胶结作用是研究区长7段夹层型页岩油储层致密化的主控因素,储层平均视胶结率为86.3%,达到强胶结程度,以自生黏土矿物中的伊利石胶结为主;压实作用对储层致密化起次要作用,储层平均视压实率为46.0%,为中等压实程度;溶蚀作用降低了储层的致密化程度,但储层渗流能力较低,酸性流体难以大规模溶蚀,平均视溶蚀率仅为13.8%,为弱溶蚀程度。(3)受中等压实—弱溶蚀—强胶结成岩作用的影响,储层非均质性较强,成岩系数差异较大。Ⅰ类储层成岩系数大于2.4,Ⅱ1类储层成岩系数为1.8~2.4,Ⅱ2类储层成岩系数为1.2~<1.8,Ⅲ类储层成岩系数小于1.2,Ⅰ类与Ⅱ1类储层为有利储层。区域上中部混源区有利储层发育规模最大,是勘探的主要目标区。

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素,综合钻井、测井、岩心分析化验等资料,对研究区长7段页岩油气富集程度及其机理进行研究。页岩解析气量与烃源岩总有机碳含量呈正比,有机质含量控制页岩油气的总含量,有机质发育大量孔隙,页岩油气以吸附态和游离态赋存于有机孔隙中。储集层孔隙结构和孔隙度影响页岩油气的含量及赋存状态,吸附油气主要赋存于微孔中,游离油气主要赋存于中孔和大孔中,但中孔中游离气含量高于大孔,而孔隙度越大,页岩中油气绝对含量越高。砂岩夹层和富有机质页岩的配置关系控制着页岩油气的富集部位,根据粉砂岩、细砂岩与页岩的关系,延长组长7段页岩油气可划分为近源和源内2类,源内又可分为砂岩与页岩互层型、页岩夹砂岩型和页岩型;下伏于富有机质页岩中的砂体和透镜状砂体油气含量最高,其次是上覆于富有机质页岩的砂体和呈舌状或指状与富有机质页岩接触的砂体。

湖相细粒沉积岩颗粒微观力学特征及类型划分——以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组7段页岩为例

细粒沉积岩蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,为了研究细粒沉积岩颗粒微观结构及力学特征,以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组7段细粒沉积岩为例,开展了扫描电镜观察和纳米压痕实验分析,据此研究细粒沉积颗粒的几何特征和微观力学性质。研究认为:用粒径、扁平度、棱角性、硬度和弹性模量5个特征参数,可将细粒沉积岩划分为粒度+棱角型、扁平度+棱角型、扁平度+棱角+弹性模量+硬度型、弹性模量+硬度型、棱角+弹性模量+硬度型和粒度+棱角+弹性模量型6种主要颗粒类型;接着,根据颗粒类型的相对含量,进一步将颗粒类型划分为5种组合类型;最后,分析了细粒沉积颗粒类型与矿物类型之间的耦合关系。细粒沉积岩颗粒微观分类方案的建立,有助于理解细粒沉积岩微观结构特征,预测地质“甜点”空间分布,对细粒沉积岩的油气资源评价和效益开发具有重要的理论和科学意义。

The petrological characteristics and signif icance of organic-rich shale in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation,south margin of the Ordos basin,central China

The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member is the most important source rock in the Ordos basin.The sedimentary environment and the controlling factors of organic matter enrichment,however,are still in contention.In this investigation,the Yishicun outcrop,located on the south margin of the Ordos basin,has been considered for the study.X-ray diffraction,polarizing microscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence(CL)were used to investigate the petrological features of the organic-rich shale.The content of volcanic ash and the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals were measured to illustrate the relationship between oxygen level,ash content and the enrichment of organic matter.It has been found that the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals has a strong correlation with the total organic carbon,demonstrating that the redox status degree of the water column has a positive impact on the enrichment of organic matter.Additionally,with an increase in the ash content,the content of organic matter increased at first and then decreased,and reached a maximum when the ash content was about 6%,illustrating that the ash input has a double effect on the enrichment of organic matter.

致密砂岩储层孔隙结构特征对可动流体赋存的影响:以鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区长7段为例

分析孔隙结构和可动流体分布特征是储层研究的关键要素,也是当前研究的重点与热点,对致密砂岩油气勘探及提高油气采收率具有重要意义。以鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区长7段致密砂岩储层为例,通过物性测试、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞和核磁共振实验,结合分形理论,分析了致密砂岩储层孔隙结构、非均质性和可动流体分布特征,讨论了孔喉结构和非均质性对可动流体赋存的影响。结果表明:研究区长7段储层储集空间主要由微纳米级孔隙贡献,孔隙连通性较差,孔喉半径主要分布在0.050~0.500μm;孔喉结构非均质性较强,分形维数分布在2.65~2.90;流体可动性较差,可动流体饱和度分布在16.68%~51.74%,可动流体多分布在中孔和小孔内。研究区长7段储层可分为3类:从Ⅰ类到Ⅲ类储层,剩余粒间孔和粒间溶蚀孔发育变少,孔隙连通性变差,孔喉尺寸变小,较大孔喉变少,非均质性变强,流体可动性变差,中孔和大孔内可动流体含量趋于降低,可动流体倾向于在小孔内赋存。研究成果为致密砂岩油气勘探及油气采收率提高提供了理论依据。

鄂尔多斯盆地中部三叠系延长组7段烃组分的运移分异作用

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段页岩体系是泥岩、页岩和砂岩的组合体。为了深入揭示页岩油组分在不同岩性中的运移分异现象,针对鄂尔多斯盆地中部地区开展了典型烃类组分的运移分异研究。研究表明:在不同的岩性中4类族组分含量存在差异。砂岩中饱和烃(SAT)含量高,非烃与沥青质(NSO+Asph)含量低。页岩和泥岩的SAT含量低,NSO+Asph含量高。砂岩的n C_(11-15)烃类组分含量较高,nC_(23-39)烃类组分含量较低;页岩和泥岩的nC_(11-15)烃类组分含量较低,nC_(23-39)烃类组分含量较高。页岩和泥岩的Pr/Ph,Pr/nC_(17)和Ph/n C_(18)等含量比值参数数值变化大,砂岩的数值变化小。页岩和泥岩的C_(27)/C_(29)规则甾烷含量比值较低,砂岩则较高。页岩和泥岩的藿烷Ts/Tm与Ts/(Ts+Tm)比值较低,砂岩则较高。页岩和泥岩的C_(32)升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)比值变化较大,砂岩则具有相对集中的数值。砂岩的伽马蜡烷指数较高且数值分布范围较广,而页岩与泥岩则相反;页岩和泥岩8β(H)-补身烷/8β(H)-升补身烷的含量比值普遍大于1,而砂岩的数值普遍小于1。综合研究认为,不同石油组分在烃源岩内部的分布差异是吸附差异和不同石油组分运移分异共同导致的。

Organic matter pores in the chang 7 lacustrine shales from the Ordos Basin and its effect on reflectance measurement

To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure of macerals was observed by scanning electron microscope.Meanwhile,the reflectances of different positions in the same pieces of vitrinite or solid bitumen with heterogeneous pores development were measured.The results showed that the average contents of sapropelinite,liptinite,vitrinite,inertinite and solid bitumen are 42.7%,8.7%,13.6%,13.8% and 21.2%,respectively,which suggests that the source of the organic matter of the Chang 7 shales is a mixed source input.The organic pores of Chang 7 shales are enriched,and the pore shapes are mostly round or elliptical.The pore size of organic pores has a wide distribution,mainly concentrate in the range of 100-400 nm,and the average plane porosity of organic pores is 10.13%.The size order of the organic pores in various macerals is:solid bitumen<bituminite<alginite<vitrinite<fusinite<liptinite.The abundance order of organic matter pores of each maceral is as follows:alginite>fusinite>bituminite>solid bitumen>vitrinite>liptinite.OM pores are mainly contributed by bituminite,solid bitumen and fusinite.The plane porosity of bituminite increases with maturity.In the process of thermal evolution,the plane porosity of fusinite is distributed in the two ranges of 20%-28% and 1%-7%.The former is mainly the primary pores of the fusinite itself,and the latter is the secondary pores formed in the thermal evolution.As for the organic pores of other macerals,no obvious thermal evolution law was found.Meanwhile,the surface imperfections of vitrinite or solid bitumen is enhanced by the enrichment of organic pores(an increase in pore size or pore number),which may result in the underestimation of their reflectances.

Sedimentary and geochemical characteristics of the Triassic Chang 7 Member shale in the Southeastern Ordos Basin,Central China

The Ordos Basin is the largest petroliferous basin in China, where the Chang 7 Member shale serves as the major source rock in the basin, with an area of more than 100,000 km^2 So far, sedimentary and geochemical characterizations have rarely been conducted on the shale in shallow(< 1000 m) areas in the southeastern part of the basin, but such characterizations can help identify the genesis of organic-rich shale and promote the prediction and recovery of shale oil. In this paper,several outcrop sections of the Chang 7 Member in the Tongchuan area were observed and sampled, and sedimentary and geochemical characterizations were conducted for the well-outcropped YSC section. The study results show that the Chang7 Member shale is widely distributed laterally with variable thickness. The organic-rich shale is 7-25 m thick in total and exhibits obvious horizontal variation in mineral composition. In the eastern sections, the shale contains organic matter of TypeⅡ_2-Ⅲ and is low in thermal maturity, with high clay mineral content, low K-feldspar content, and no pyrite. In the western sections, the shale contains Type Ⅱ_1 organic matter and is low in thermal maturity, with high clay mineral, K-feldspar, and pyrite contents. The YSC section reveals three obvious intervals in vertical mineral composition and organic abundance.The Chang 7 Member organic-rich shale(TOC > 10%) contains mainly sapropelite and liptinite, with Type Ⅱ kerogen. It is generally characterized by a hydrocarbon potential of more than 70 mg/g, low maturity, and shallow-semideep lacustrine facies. In the western sections, the shale, still in a low maturity stage, has a higher hydrocarbon potential and is optional for shale oil recovery. However, the Chang 7 Member shale in the study area is highly heterogeneous and its shale oil recovery is practical only in the organic-rich intervals.

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区三叠系长7段烃源岩特征及控藏作用

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长7段是页岩油的重点研究领域。通过总有机碳测定、氯仿抽提、岩石热解、XRD全岩矿物分析、扫描电镜观察等,对鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区三叠系长7段烃源岩特征进行了分析,并利用多元回归线性法建立了有机碳与测井曲线的三维电测模型,明确了烃源岩的空间展布特征及其的控藏作用。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区三叠系长7_(1)、长7_(2)和长7_3小层泥页岩样品TOC平均值分别为5.01%,6.04%和6.76%,氯仿沥青“A”的平均值分别为0.63%,0.67%和0.73%,整体有机质类型以Ⅱ_(1)型和Ⅱ_(2)型为主,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,含油性与可动性均较好,达到较好—极好烃源岩级别。(2)研究区泥页岩样品主要由石英长石与黏土矿物组成,孔隙类型主要为原生粒间孔、晶间孔及有机质收缩缝,但各样品的孔径分布不同。(3)研究区烃源岩TOC下限为1.50%,庆城地区附近长7_(2)小层、庆城与环县地区附近长7_(3)小层为主要有效烃源岩发育区。(4)有效烃源岩的TOC含量及其空间展布特征影响了页岩油藏的含油性,其中TOC含量直接决定了产油量的高低。距离生烃中心越近越有利于油气聚集。

Discovery and identification of clay-sized tuffaceous rocks in Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China

This study for the first time demonstrates that some of the so-called clay-sized mudstones observed by the naked eye,such as clay-sized black mudstones and clay-sized oil shales,which are rich in black organic matter(including oil and asphaltene),in the Chang 73 Submember of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China are actually clay-sized tuffaceous rocks(including tuff,sedimentary tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rock)with high hydrocarbon generation capacities.Thus,these rocks can be defined as clay-sized tuffaceous source rocks.Identification of this lithology has important theoretical and practical significance for the exploration and development of shale oil in the Chang 7 Member.Through the macroscopic observation of drill cores and outcrop profiles,microscopic observation of electron probe thin sections and whole-rock inorganic geochemical analysis(including major,trace and rare earth elements),this work demonstrates that the organic matter-rich clay-sized tuffaceous rocks,especially clay-sized tuffs,have the following characteristics.First,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks with little black organic matter are mainly greyish white,yellowish brown and purplish grey,and mixed colors occur in areas with strong bentonite lithification.Second,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks have experienced strong devitrification and recrystallization,forming abundant flaky aluminosilicate minerals with directional arrangement.In thin sections under a polarizing microscope,the interference colors generally show regular alternation between the lowest interference color of first-order yellow and the highest interference color of second-order blue-green.Third,the rock samples plot in the igneous rock field in the TiO2-SiO2 cross-plot and exhibit similar trace element and rare earth element patterns on spider diagrams,indicating that the samples are derived from the same source.The results prove that clay-sized tuffaceous rocks may be widespread in the Chang 73 Submember of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,China.

伊陕斜坡胡尖山区块长7段储层特征及主控因素分析

鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡胡尖山区块长7段致密砂岩储层岩石类型复杂,明确储集层岩石类型、微观孔隙结构特征及物性主控因素,有利于致密砂岩甜点评价及有利区优选。以胡尖山区块长7段致密砂岩为研究用样,利用全岩XRD衍射、扫描电镜、高压压汞等实验手段以及测井数据,研究了致密砂岩储集层微观孔隙结构,探讨了致密砂岩储集层物性非均质性主控因素。结果表明,胡尖山区块长7段致密砂岩主要由造岩矿物和填隙物组成,其中造岩矿物为石英、长石和岩屑,填隙物为云母、黏土矿物和方解石等,几乎不含菱铁矿和黄铁矿;工区主要发育Ⅲa、Ⅲb和Ⅳ类储层,较为致密。致密砂岩孔隙有粒间孔、晶间孔、杂基溶孔和微裂缝4类;成岩作用对储层物性影响明显,溶蚀作用对储层物性具有明显改善作用,而胶结、压实等对储层破坏作用明显。研究认为,沉积韵律对致密砂岩储层物性具有控制作用,其中,正沉积韵律型整体表现为高孔、高渗段分布于砂体底部,向上孔隙度逐渐减小;而反韵律型表现为孔隙度向上逐渐增大,高孔、高渗段分布于砂体顶部。

Geological characteristics and exploration of shale oil in Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

A set of shale-dominated source rocks series were deposited during the heyday of lake basin development in the Member 7 of Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,and the thickness is about 110 m.Aimed at whether this layer can form large-scale oil enrichment of industrial value,comprehensive geological research and exploration practice have been carried out for years and obtained the following important geologic findings.Firstly,widely distributed black shale and dark mudstone with an average organic matter abundance of 13.81%and 3.74%,respectively,lay solid material foundation for the formation of shale oil.Secondly,sandy rocks sandwiched in thick organic-rich shale formations constitute an oil-rich"sweet spot",the average thickness of thin sandstone is 3.5 m.Thirdly,fine-grained sandstone and siltstone reservoirs have mainly small pores of 2–8μm and throats of 20–150 nm in radius,but with a large number of micro-pores and nano-throats,through fracturing,the reservoirs can provide good conductivity for the fluid in it.Fourthly,continued high-intensity hydrocarbon generation led to a pressure difference between the source rock and thin-layer reservoir of up to 8–16 MPa during geological history,driven by the high pressure,the oil charged into the reservoirs in large area,with oil saturation reaching more than 70%.Under the guidance of the above theory,in 2019,the Qingcheng Oilfield with geologic oil reserves of billion ton order was proved in the classⅠmulti-stage superimposed sandstone shale reservoir of Chang 7 Member by the Changqing Oilfield Branch through implementation of overall exploration and horizontal well volume fracturing.Two risk exploration horizontal wells were deployed for the classⅡthick layer mud shale interbedded with thin layers of silt-and fine-sandstones reservoir in the Chang 73 submember,and they were tested high yield oil flows of more than 100 tons per day,marking major breakthroughs in petroleum exploration in classⅠshale reservoirs.The new discoveries have expanded the domain of unconventional petroleum exploration.

Oderly accumulation theory of shale system petroleum resource and its prospecting significance-A case study of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin

1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.

Black shale formation enviro nment and its control on shale oil enrichment in Triassic Chang 7 Member,Ordos Basin,NW China

Based on geochemical analysis results of core samples from the Triassic Chang 7 Member of Well Feng 75 drilled in the northwest margin of Ordos Basin,combined with geological characteristics of this region,the formation environment of the black shale and its control on shale oil enrichment are comprehensively studied.From the Chang 73 to Chang 71 Sub-members,the black shale have organic carbon contents decreasing from 5.70%to 3.55%,hydrogen indexes decreasing from 345 mg/g to 269 mg/g,while the oxygen indexes increasing gradually from 6 mg/g to 29 mg/g,indicating that the sedimentary environment during the depositional period of Chang 72 and Chang 73 Sub-members was anoxic.Biomarkers in the black shale change regu-larly,and have an obvious“inflection point”at the depth of 2753–2777 m in the Chang 73 Sub-member,indicating that the input of terrigenous organic matter increased.However,there is a negative drift about 2%of organic carbon isotopic composition near the“inflection point”,which is in conflict with the results of biomarker compounds.This is because the extreme thermal and anoxic events caused by continental volcanic activity in the ancient Qinling region caused negative drift of carbon isotopic composition of the black shale in the Ordos Basin.The volcanic activity caused rise of temperature,polluted air,extreme weathers,more floods and thus more input of terrigenous organic matter,and gave rise to extremely anoxic environment con-ducive to the preservation of organic matter.Terrigenous organic matter is more conducive to the formation of light oil than aquatic organic matter,so these sections in Yanchang Formation are major“sweet spots”for shale oil enrichment.

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区三叠系长7段致密油分布特征及控制因素

综合利用地球化学、扫描电镜、岩心薄片、测井等资料以及油井生产数据等,对鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区三叠系延长组7段储层特征、烃源岩特征和致密油分布特征进行了分析,从烃源岩展布、输导体系和源-储组合关系3个方面对致密油差异富集控制因素进行了探讨,并总结了成藏模式。研究结果表明:(1)陕北地区长7段致密砂岩储层主要分布在一亚段(长71)和二亚段(长72),以灰色—灰白色长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,长71和长72平均孔隙度分别为5.56%和7.32%,平均渗透率分别为0.097 m D和0.110 m D,长72储层物性更好;孔隙空间以溶孔为主,发育少量粒间孔。(2)研究区烃类主要来源于本地长72顶部和长73这2套烃源岩,平均厚度大于20 m,有机质丰度高,平均TOC值为3.02%,干酪根类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主,处于生烃高峰期,平均生烃量为270.2×10^(4)t/km^(2),长73烃源岩生烃潜力更大,供烃至长72储层,长71致密油来源于长72烃源岩;新安边地区三角洲前缘亚相末端的长72储层中致密油由湖盆烃源岩侧向供烃。(3)研究区致密油富集受烃源岩展布、砂体连通性以及源-储组合共同控制,在长72更富集,在新安边地区分布面积最大,安塞地区无大规模致密油聚集;纵向上和平面上致密油的聚集差异受控于烃源岩厚度和源-储组合关系,下生上储、上下生油而中间储集和砂泥互层时含油性更好;新安边地区三角洲前缘亚相末端的长72致密油聚集规模大于三角洲前缘主体,是由于三角洲前缘末端发育的局部连通砂体阻碍了湖盆烃类物质的侧向运移。(4)研究区致密油为“源控-砂控”成藏模式,远源河道优势砂体尖灭处和近源局部连通的砂体是有利勘探区。