Dystrophin is a membrane-associated protein responsible for structural stability of the sarcolem-ma in cardiac myocytes and is very sensitive to ischemic damage.The goal of our study was to determine if ischemic preco...Dystrophin is a membrane-associated protein responsible for structural stability of the sarcolem-ma in cardiac myocytes and is very sensitive to ischemic damage.The goal of our study was to determine if ischemic preconditioning could prevent dystrophin breakdown through inhibition of matrix metalloprotein-ase-2(MMP-2)activity.Isolated rabbit hearts were subjected to global ischemia with or without reperfusion in order to evaluate if dystrophin is preserved by ischemic preconditioning through MMP-2 inhibition.Ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced the infarct size induced by 30 min of ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion.Importantly,it also diminished dystrophin proteolysis and attenuated MMP-2 activity after 30 min ischemia.Thus,our study shows a novel protective role of ischemic preconditioning as a mechanism of preservation of plasma membrane integrity by inhibiting MMP-2 activation.展开更多
Through complex mechanisms that guide axons to the appropriate routes towards their targets, axonal growth and guidance lead to neuronal system formation. These mechanisms establish the synaptic circuitry necessary fo...Through complex mechanisms that guide axons to the appropriate routes towards their targets, axonal growth and guidance lead to neuronal system formation. These mechanisms establish the synaptic circuitry necessary for the optimal performance of the nervous system in all organisms. Damage to these networks can be repaired by neuroregenerative processes which in turn can re-establish synapses between injured axons and postsynaptic terminals. Both axonal growth and guidance and the neuroregenerative response rely on correct axonal growth and growth cone responses to guidance cues as well as correct synapses with appropriate targets. With this in mind, parallels can be drawn between axonal regeneration and processes occurring during embryonic nervous system development. However, when studying parallels between axonal development and regeneration many questions still arise; mainly, how do axons grow and synapse with their targets and how do they repair their membranes, grow and orchestrate regenerative responses after injury. Major players in the cellular and molecular processes that lead to growth cone development and movement during embryonic development are the Soluble N-ethylamaleimide Sensitive Factor （NSF） Attachment Protein Receptor （SNARE） proteins, which have been shown to be involved in axonal growth and guidance. Their involvement in axonal growth, guidance and neuroregeneration is of foremost importance, due to their roles in vesicle and membrane trafficking events. Here, we review the recent literature on the involvement of SNARE proteins in axonal growth and guidance during embryonic development and neuroregeneration.展开更多
文摘Dystrophin is a membrane-associated protein responsible for structural stability of the sarcolem-ma in cardiac myocytes and is very sensitive to ischemic damage.The goal of our study was to determine if ischemic preconditioning could prevent dystrophin breakdown through inhibition of matrix metalloprotein-ase-2(MMP-2)activity.Isolated rabbit hearts were subjected to global ischemia with or without reperfusion in order to evaluate if dystrophin is preserved by ischemic preconditioning through MMP-2 inhibition.Ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced the infarct size induced by 30 min of ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion.Importantly,it also diminished dystrophin proteolysis and attenuated MMP-2 activity after 30 min ischemia.Thus,our study shows a novel protective role of ischemic preconditioning as a mechanism of preservation of plasma membrane integrity by inhibiting MMP-2 activation.
基金supported by the Ramon y Cajal programme(RYC-2007-00417,RYC-2009-05510)grants from the Spanish MINECO(SAF2013-42445R and BFU2010-21507)CIBERNED
文摘Through complex mechanisms that guide axons to the appropriate routes towards their targets, axonal growth and guidance lead to neuronal system formation. These mechanisms establish the synaptic circuitry necessary for the optimal performance of the nervous system in all organisms. Damage to these networks can be repaired by neuroregenerative processes which in turn can re-establish synapses between injured axons and postsynaptic terminals. Both axonal growth and guidance and the neuroregenerative response rely on correct axonal growth and growth cone responses to guidance cues as well as correct synapses with appropriate targets. With this in mind, parallels can be drawn between axonal regeneration and processes occurring during embryonic nervous system development. However, when studying parallels between axonal development and regeneration many questions still arise; mainly, how do axons grow and synapse with their targets and how do they repair their membranes, grow and orchestrate regenerative responses after injury. Major players in the cellular and molecular processes that lead to growth cone development and movement during embryonic development are the Soluble N-ethylamaleimide Sensitive Factor （NSF） Attachment Protein Receptor （SNARE） proteins, which have been shown to be involved in axonal growth and guidance. Their involvement in axonal growth, guidance and neuroregeneration is of foremost importance, due to their roles in vesicle and membrane trafficking events. Here, we review the recent literature on the involvement of SNARE proteins in axonal growth and guidance during embryonic development and neuroregeneration.
