Perceptions of Nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards Sexual Health Needs of People with Mental Health Problems

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is among the fundamental packages of health care, which all clients seeking health care should receive. However, it is unclear how healthcare providers, in particular, nurses perceive the issue of people with mental problems having sexual health needs. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards sexual health needs of people with mental health problems. A general descriptive qualitative study design was utilized and data were collected using three focus group discussions (FGDs) that were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling was used to select 21 nurses who participated in the study. Nine were male, while 12 were female. Each FGD comprised seven participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and six major themes: 1) physiological interplay among different body systems, 2) disease process and effects of psychotropic, 3) participant differences in age, gender, educational level, and cultural backgrounds, 4) staff shortages in mental health units, 5) deficient record keeping, and 6) Social stereotypes and labelling theories emerged. Despite acknowledging the existence of sexual activity among people with mental health problems;participants had both positive and negative perceptions. It is, therefore, recommended that interventions aimed at strengthening implementation of SRH guidelines among nurses caring for people with mental health problems should be put in place.

Perfectionism and mental health problems:Limitations and directions for future research

Research has indicated that perfectionism is prevalent among adolescents and may be harmful in terms of its association with mental health problems.This letter aims to create a paradigm for future studies of the perfectionism.Specifically,we suggest gaps and implications that must be considered at perfectionism future research in terms of assessments,interventions,settings,potential treatments,gender,and social media.

Healing in Rwanda,Understanding and Naming Mental Health Problems:Translating Kinyarwanda Into a Clinically Applicable Language

Before the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi,reported rates of mental health disorders in Rwanda were low;Rwandan society and traditional healers had their own strategies to diagnose and address different mental health issues.Following the genocide against Tutsi in 1994,reports of psychological and mental health issues―including post traumatic stress disorders(PTSD),substance abuse and depression―increased significantly.To tackle these challenges,mental health specialists were trained―mainly in English and French―with key mental health concepts and disorders defined and elaborated in these languages.Consequently,specialists adopted Western ways of defining mental disorders and primarily referenced DSM-IV and V criteria for diagnosis.For example,most research names mental health problems that people experience as related to genocide and other events as“trauma”and“associated co morbidities”.From the research conducted by the Rwandan Biomedical Centre(RBC)on situational analysis for development of a model for management of trauma cases during the commemoration period of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda through Ubuzima Burambye project named problems that people suffered from as trauma,some concepts(such as“Ihungabana”,“Ihahamuka”,and“Ibikomere”)have been used to name trauma.But mental health professionals still prefer to name them as emotional,traumatic,collective,and/or collective traumatic crises.However,this use of primarily Western terms is a challenge for many Rwandan psychologists,as counselling sessions and other therapeutic interventions are conducted in Kinyarwanda.Such names might simplify concepts,as they are unable to fully translate the nuances within Kinyarwanda.To further study this linguistic issue,this current study investigated how people in Rwanda contextualise,name and give representations to the mental health problems they suffer from.It combined clinical and participatory action 88research,which started in February 2019.Participants were young survivors of genocide,people addicted to drugs from WAWA Rehabilitation Centre,as well as people who were received in the clinic/Uyisenga Ni Imanzi.Responses from the participants were classified according to their life experience on mental health pains.Twenty-nine percent of names of mental health problems from the participants were reflected on darkness,25%of them have named as emptiness,11%of participants have named their problems as heaviness,while rejection,bondage,physical pain each represent 8%,addictiveness or deviance is at 5%whereas dirtiness and judgement each has 3%.Different mental health symptoms―such as guilt,pessimism,anxiety,loneliness,depression and panic attacks―were identified to assess the respondents’mental health.The data collected from this group showed that guilt among respondents takes a higher number of 22%of names for mental health related to pains,compared to the other symptoms.On other side,pessimism is ranked at 19%,anxiety at 18%,loneliness at 17%expressivity at 16%and panic attacks is ranked at 8%.Looking at the effect of mental health pains on different aspect of life,data represented that the most affected aspect of life is the human mind at 52%,social problems and emotions at 18%each,human body at 9%and relations among people are affected at 4%.Human senses(e.g.,touch,taste,smell,hearing,sight)were used to identify and describe mental health pains.Results show that 62%of the identified unique names of the problems were found to belong to what people can feel,followed by sight(37%),touch(15%),hearing(13%),and smell(1%).However,there was no name for mental health pains related to taste.Clearly identifying and describing mental health issues in participants’local language is an essential step towards finding effective solutions.Naming a problem helps practitioners and patients develop a shared understanding of the issue at hand and what can be jointly done to address it.Conversely,the inability to name the actual disorder leaves patients in a state of confusion,unable to progress with their treatment despite the availability of professional assistance.

Parental Educational Expectations,Academic Pressure,and Adolescent Mental Health:An Empirical Study Based on CEPS Survey Data

Background:This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescent mental health problems,with academic pressure as a moderating variable.Methods:This study was based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey,which was collected within one school year during 2013–2014.It included 19,958 samples from seventh and ninth graders,who ranged from 11 to 18 years old.After removing missing values and conducting relevant data processing,the effective sample size for analysis was 16344.The OLS(Ordinary Least Squares)multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental educational expectations,academic pressure,and adolescents’mental health problems.In addition,we established an interaction term between parents’educational expectations and academic pressure to investigate the moderating effect of academic stress.Results:The study found that adolescents whose parents had high educational expectations reported less mental health problems.(β=−0.195;p<0.001).Additionally,adolescents who had high academic pressure reported more mental health problems.(β=0.649;p<0.001).Furthermore,the study found that academic pressure had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between parental educational expectations and adolescents’mental health problems(β=0.082;p<0.001).Conclusion:Parental educational expectations had a close relationship with adolescents’mental health problems,and academic pressure moderated this relationship.For those adolescents with high levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became stronger.On the contrary,for those adolescents with low levels of academic pressure,the association between high parental educational expectations and mental health problems became weaker.These findings shed new light on how parental educational expectations affected adolescent mental health problems and had significant implications for their healthy development.

Perinatal mental health in China:views of health system professionals in Shanghai

Background:Mental health has recently been receiving a growing amount of attention in China's Mainland,with mental disorders increasingly being recognized as a major public health concern.However,the treatment gap for mental health care is markedly high in China.Previous research and clinical practice have focused on high-risk physical disorders but overlooked psychosocial factors,especially during the perinatal period.Aims:To explore Chinese professionals'perception and attributions of perinatal mental health in China.Method:The study was conducted in Shanghai,China,in 2018,drawing on interviews with 15 key informants including health professionals,government officials,and policymakers recruited through snowball sampling.Content analysis of the semi-structured interviews was performed.Results:The study yielded insights into the perceptions of perinatal mental health among health professionals in Shanghai.Three themes emerged from the informants'reports:(1)mental health influenced by tradition—describing traditions affecting the perception of mental health at both the societal and individual level;(2)societal changed contributing perinatal mental health problems—referring to a rapidly changing cultural and economic backdrop as a source of stress leading to mental health problems;and(3)existing and required resources—demonstrating a lack of professional training,staff shortages,and inadequacy of resources to provide the required mental health care.Conclusion:Our results provide new insights into key health professionals'perceptions of mental health problems in Shanghai.Hesitation to seek care owing to a lack of knowledge,and resource shortages in health care systems are obstacles to improve mental health among women in urban China.

Evaluation of factors affecting psychological morbidity in emergency medicine practitioners

BACKGROUND: Assessing and evaluating mental health status can provide educational planners valuable information to predict the quality of physicians' performance at work. These data can help physicians to practice in the most desired way. The study aimed to evaluate factors affecting psychological morbidity in Iranian emergency medicine practitioners at educational hospitals of Tehran.METHODS: In this cross sectional study 204 participants(emergency medicine residents and specialists) from educational hospitals of Tehran were recruited and their psychological morbidity was assessed by using a 28-question Goldberg General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-28). Somatization, anxiety and sleep disorders, social dysfunction and depression were evaluated among practitioners and compared to demographic and job related variables.RESULTS: Two hundreds and four participants consisting of 146(71.6%) males and 58(28.4%) females were evaluated. Of all participants, 55(27%) were single and 149(73%) were married. Most of our participants(40.2%) were between 30–35 years old. By using GHQ-28, 129(63.2%) were recognized as normal and 75(36.8%) suffered some mental health disorders. There was a signifi cant gender difference between normal practitioners and practitioners with disorder(P=0.02) while marital status had no significant difference(P=0.2). Only 19(9.3%) declared having some major mental health issue in the previous month.CONCLUSION: Females encountered more mental health disorders than male(P=0.02) and the most common disorder observed was somatization(P=0.006).

大学生心理健康问题影响专业心理求助行为的机制——一项追踪研究

对某高校1551名大学新生进行三次追踪,采用结构方程模型考察亲子依恋、友伴关系、求助意愿在心理健康问题对求助行为影响中的综合作用机制。结果发现:(1)心理健康问题对求助行为的正向预测作用显著,对求助意愿的负向预测作用显著,求助意愿在心理健康问题对求助行为的影响中起遮掩作用;(2)友伴关系在心理健康问题通过求助意愿对求助行为影响中的调节作用不显著;(3)父子依恋和母子依恋在心理健康问题通过求助意愿对求助行为的影响中起调节作用;具体而言,在低母子、低父子依恋组,随着心理健康问题的增加,求助意愿的变化趋势不显著;而在高母子、高父子依恋组,随着心理健康问题的增加,求助意愿显著下降。