Towards Lessening Learners’Aversive Emotions and Promoting Their Mental Health:Developing and Validating a Measurement of English Speaking Demotivation in the Chinese EFL Context

While a plethora of studies has been conducted to explore demotivation and its impact on mental health in second language(L2)education,scanty research focuses on demotivation in L2 speaking learning.Particularly,little research explores the measures to quantify L2 speaking demotivation.The present two-phase study attempts to develop and validate an English Speaking Demotivation Scale(ESDS).To this end,an independent sample of 207 Chinese tertiary learners of English as a Foreign Language(EFL)participated in the development phase,and another group of 188 Chinese EFL learners was recruited for the validation of the scale.Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)were employed to determine the factor structure of the scale.The EFA results revealed a six-factor solution with Teacher-related Factors in Learning Spoken English(TFLSE),Interest and Valence in Learning Spoken English(IVLSE),Self-efficacy in Learning Spoken English(SELSE),Negative Peer Influence in Learning Spoken English(NPILSE),Undesirable Environment for Learning Spoken English(UELSE),and Negative Influence of Assessment and Learning Materials in speaking class(NIALM).In the validation phase,Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA)was performed to validate the internal structure of the scale.The CFA results showed that the model fits the data well.Overall,the ESDS is a robust and trustworthy psychometric tool that could be utilized to examine L2 speaking demotivation.Implications for diminishing EFL learners’demotivation,lessening their aversive emotions and promoting their mental health are also discussed.

The Brunel Mood Scale Rating in Mental Health for Physically Active and Apparently Healthy Populations

There is a positive relationship between mood states and mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity and internal consistency of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) for use with different populations, which are physically active and apparently healthy. Measures were obtained from 1295 male (N = 709, 34 ± 20 years, mean ± SD) and female (N = 576, 43 ± 24 years, mean ± SD) volunteers. Factor analysis was used, verifying that six factors (components) accounted for 62.65% of the total variance of the scale. The Varimax method with Kaiser Normalization for the rotation of the factors for the main components, and it was observed that the 24 scale items loaded on six mood factors (anger, depression, tension, vigor, fatigue, and confusion). Internal consistency was good for all the factors identified. We suggest that the results provide some support for validity of the BRUMS for use with different populations, which are physically active and apparently healthy.

Analysis of mental health status and related factors in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND Acute cerebral infarction(ACI)is characterized by a high incidence of morbidity,disability,recurrence,death and heavy economic burden,and has become a disease of concern in global researchers.As ACI has serious effects on patients’physical status,life and economy,often causing anxiety,depression and other psychological problems,these problems can lead to the aggravation of physical symptoms;thus,it is very important to understand the factors affecting the mental health of these patients.AIM To understand the elements that affect the mental health of patients who have suffered an ACI.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among patients with ACI admitted to three tertiary hospitals(Quanzhou First Hospital,Fuqing City Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University,and the 900 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army of China)in Fujian Province from January 2022 to December 2022 using the convenience sampling method.ACI inpatients who met the inclusion criteria were selected.Informed consent was obtained from the patients before the investigation,and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted using a unified scale.The questionnaire included a general situation questionnaire,Zung’s self-rating depression scale and Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale.All questionnaires were checked by two researchers and then the data were input and sorted using Excel software.The general situation of patients with ACI was analyzed by descriptive statistics,the influence of variables on mental health by the independent sample t test and variance analysis,and the influencing factors on psychological distress were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.RESULTS The average age of the 220 patients with ACI was 68.64±10.74 years,including 142 males and 78 females.Most of the patients were between 60 and 74 years old,the majority had high school or technical secondary school education,most lived with their spouse,and most lived in cities.The majority of patients had a personal income of 3001 to 5000 RMB yuan per month.The new rural cooperative medical insurance system had the largest number of participants.Most stroke patients were cared for by their spouses and of these patients,52.3%had previously smoked.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,residence,course of disease,number of previous chronic diseases and smoking history were the main factors affecting the anxiety scores of patients with ACI.Age,living conditions,monthly income,course of disease and knowledge of disease were the primary variables influencing the depression score in patients with ACI.The findings of multivariate analysis revealed that the course of disease and gender were the most important factors influencing patients’anxiety scores,and the course of disease was also the most important factor influencing patients’depression scores.CONCLUSION Long disease course and female patients with ACI were more likely to have psychological problems such as a high incidence of emotional disorders.These groups require more attention and counseling.

Mental Health Literacy and the Belief in the Supernatural

Objective: Mental health literacy affects treatment seeking. We compare literacy levels of psychiatric outpatients and a control group of outpatients seeking treatment for non-psychiatric disorders in the same hospital. We hypothesized higher levels of mental health literacy among psychiatric patients than controls, with younger age and higher educational levels associated with better literacy. We also hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between educational level and the belief in the supernatural causality of mental disorders. Methods: Literacy was estimated by showing psychiatric outpatients and a control group of non-psychiatric patients vignettes depicting a case of major depression and a case of generalised anxiety disorder. Their opinions regarding diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and attitudes towards mental health services were ascertained by structured questionnaires. Results: Psychiatric patients did not demonstrate superior mental health literacy compared to controls, with the exception of knowing where to obtain a psychiatric referral. Lower age and higher education levels of psychiatric patients were associated with better literacy. The higher the education level is, the less likely to attribute the causality of mental disorders to supernatural elements. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for a program of psycho-education targeting patients, their relatives, and the public.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health-promoting lifestyle behaviors:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To explore health-improving behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic and to reveal the impact of the risk perception of COVID-19 on these behaviors.Methods:We recruited a total of 510 participants for this cross-sectional study.The data were collected online using a questionnaire booklet covering a form inquiring about the participants’demographic,physical,and mental characteristics,the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale,and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale.Results:The mean age of the participants was(28.7±10.1)years,and 76.1%were females.Of the participants,31.8%were overweight and obese.While 35.1%experienced negative alterations in their dietary patterns,23.9%reported positive changes to their diet during the pandemic.Besides,47.8%reported their sleep to be negatively affected during the pandemic.While the rate of those with extended screen time was 72.5%,it was 44.3%for the participants engaging in regular exercise.More than one-third of the participants(35.9%)had high and severe anxiety.We also found increased risk perception of COVID-19 among females,obese,those with disturbed eating and sleep quality,healthcare workers,and those with severe anxiety.Conclusions:Overall,the pandemic has appeared to have brought both positive and negative impacts on maintaining and improving eating,sleep,physical activity,and mental health.

Factors Associated with Mental Depression among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Southern India

Background: Mental health has been a largely neglected issue among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) across the world. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of depression among MSM. Data and Methods: Data for this study are used from a cross-sectional Behavioral Tracking Survey—2012 conducted among 1176 MSM from Andhra Pradesh (undivided), a southern state of India. Depression of MSM was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-2 scale. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques were used for analysis. Results: More than one-third of MSMs (35%) in the survey reported to have depression. The likelihood of experiencing depression was 5 times higher among MSM who were mobile for sex work outside their place of residence (55% vs 17%, AOR: 5.2, 95% CI: 3.7 - 7.3) and had experienced physical or sexual violence (82% vs 33%, AOR: 6.0, 95% CI: 2.1 - 17.4) than their respective counterparts. Rates of depression were significantly higher among MSM who had experienced Sexually Transmitted Infections symptoms;knowledge of their HIV positivity;who didn’t use condoms during anal sex with any clients/partners;those who consumed alcohol and were in financial debt at the time of survey than others. Those who were associated with any community groups have significantly less chances of reporting depression. Discussion: The study certainly highlighted that the HIV prevention efforts with MSM in India require an integrated approach on addressing the mental health issues. To support this, programs and research-based evidence will be highly needed to ensure that mental health issues are properly addressed among MSM and other high risk groups.

Sociopsychological impact factors of depression patients during the COVID-19 epidemic period

Objective:To investigate the impact factors of the COVID-19 epidemic on the mental health of patients with depression.Methods:The relevant data of 242 residents aged 18-50 years in a certain area were collected,118 patients and 124 healthy people were analyzed by general information questionnaire,the PsychoSocial Index(PSI)questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Compare the differences in social and psychological factors between the two groups.Then use logistic regression to evaluate the social and psychological influencing factors of depression patients during the epidemic.Results:Two results of logistic regression analysis showed that marital status,occupational status,abnormal pathological behavior,and utilization of support were still significantly associated with depression.Compared to working,unemployed/unemployed/retired,students are closely related to depression,followed by abnormal pathological behavior and utilization of support.Conclusion:Under the epidemic,depression groups lacking social relationships should actively pay attention to their mental health status and comprehensively enhance their social and psychological support.To avoid the exacerbation of psychological and psychological symptoms caused by the epidemic.

心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的研究

目的探讨心理弹性训练提高医学生心理健康水平的作用效果。方法2021年1月—2023年1月按照方便整群抽样方法选择重庆医科大学650名医学生,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各325名。照组学生给予传统说教模式的心理健康教育,观察组学生给予进行心理弹性训练。采用心理弹性量表(Connor—Davidson resilience scale,CD—RISC)评估学生干预前后的心理弹性水平,采用中国大学生心理健康量表(China college student mental health scale,CCSMHS)评估学生干预前后的心理健康水平并进行统计分析。结果干预后,2组CD-RISC量表各因子评分均有所提高,观察组各因子评分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组CCSMHS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理弹性训练能提高医学的心理弹性水平,有效改善医学生心理健康。

精神分裂症患者精神残疾状况、影响因素及对生活质量的影响

目的探究精神分裂症患者精神残疾状况、影响因素及其对生活质量的影响。方法选取2020年12月—2022年12月收治的250例精神分裂症,根据世界卫生组织残疾评定量表Ⅱ(WHO DASⅡ)评分分为精神残疾组210例和非精神残疾组40例。比较2组临床资料,入院1个月后的简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)和患者积极度量表(PAM)评分;采用世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表简表(WHOQOL BREF)评分比较2组入院1个月后的生活质量;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析相关指标对精神分裂症患者精神残疾发生的诊断价值;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响精神分裂症患者发生精神残疾的危险因素;采用Pearson相关性分析相关评分与WHO DASⅡ评分的关系。结果精神残疾组较非精神残疾组病程更长,复发次数更多,家庭氛围不和谐及偏执型人数占比更大,已婚人数占比更少,受教育年限更短,月收入更低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。精神残疾组BPRS评分高于非精神残疾组,WHOQOL BREF和PAM评分低于非精神残疾组(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果表明,病程、复发次数、受教育年限、月收入、BPRS评分、WHOQOL BREF评分和PAM评分对精神分裂症患者精神残疾的发生具有良好的诊断价值(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,复发次数多、家庭氛围不和谐、BPRS评分过高、WHOQOL BREF评分过低是影响精神分裂症患者发生精神残疾的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,BPRS评分与WHO DASⅡ评分呈正相关性(r=0.899,P<0.001),WHOQOL BREF评分与WHO DASⅡ评分呈负相关性(r=-0.886,P<0.001)。结论复发次数多、家庭氛围不和谐、BPRS评分高、WHOQOL BREF评分低均能促使精神分裂症患者发生精神残疾,且患者精神残疾状况及影响因素对其生活质量影响显著。

青少年心理健康量表的编制:基于心理健康双因素模型

完整的心理健康状态不仅是指没有心理疾病,还包括具有积极的心理状况,此为心理健康的双因素理论。本研究基于该理论,通过纳入消极和积极心理指标,编制并验证了青少年群体的心理健康测量工具。研究共涉及三次施测,测试1(536人)的数据用于项目和探索性因子分析,测试2(499人)用于验证性因子分析和内部一致性分析,测试3(304人)用于重测和效标关联分析。研究结果确定了五个分量表,分别为抑郁、焦虑、攻击、问题性网络使用和积极心理,共77个项目,其中前四个分量表组成了消极心理。每个分量表均具有良好的结构效度、效标效度(0.42~0.63)、内部一致性信度(0.78~0.93)和重测信度(0.82-0.93),总量表的内部一致性系数为0.94,五个分量表可拟合到由消极心理和积极心理表征的双因素心理健康结构中。本量表可作为测量我国青少年心理健康状况的有效工具。

头颈癌患者自我感知歧视量表的开发、验证及应用

目的:开发头颈癌患者自我感知歧视量表(head and neck cancer self-perceived discrimination scale,HNCSPDS),检验其信效度及适用性,并分析患者自我感知歧视与生活质量的相关性。方法:采用经典测量理论,选取326例头颈癌患者开发HNCSPDS;Delphi专家咨询和条目分析用来提升HNCSPDS的内容效度;采用因子分析(factor analysis,FA)和结构方程模型(structural equation modeling,SEM)检验HNCSPDS的结构效度,采用Cronbach's alpha系数、Spearman-Brown系数和组内相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC)检验HNCSPDS的内部一致性和重测可靠性;采用多元逐步线性回归分析患者自我感知歧视的危险因素,采用Pearson相关系数分析自我感知歧视与生活质量的相关性。结果:HNCSPDS共14个条目,包括3个维度(形象污名、社交隔离和自我贬低),具有良好的效度(χ^(2)/df=2.311,RMSEA=0.064,GFI=0.937,AGFI=0.904,CFI=0.972,NFI=0.957,IFI=0.972,TLI=0.963)、信度(Cronbach'sα系数为0.957,分半信度为0.967,重测信度为0.878)和适用性[平均完成时间(14.33±2.315)min和93.14%的有效完成率]。经济负担和性别是患者自我感知歧视的独立危险因素(P<0.01),自我感知歧视与生活质量呈负相关。结论:头颈癌患者普遍存在较强的自我感知歧视,HNCSPDS在自我感知歧视测量中信效度良好,为将来预防和缓解患者自我感知歧视心理,提高患者身心健康和生活质量提供科学有效的评估工具。

压力感知在中医体质与心理健康状态间的中介效应分析

目的探讨压力感知在中医体质与心理健康状态间的中介效应。方法以5889名体检人员作为研究对象,并收集中医体质量表、症状自评量表(Self-rating Scale,SCL-90)、压力自评量表(stress self-rating Scale,SSQ-53)。采用Pearson相关分析和中介效应检验分析压力在中医体质与心理健康状态间的中介效应。结果平和质与压力感知总分、心理健康状态总分均呈负相关;偏颇体质与压力感知总分、心理健康状态总分均呈正相关。压力感知在湿热质、阴虚质、特禀质与心理健康状态间起完全中介作用;在平和质、阳虚质、气虚质、瘀血质、气郁质、痰湿质与心理健康状态间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例分别为89.3%、88.2%、81.7%、79.1%、77.0%。结论压力感知在中医体质与心理健康状态间起部分或完全的中介作用,偏颇体质能直接或间接增加人们发生心理健康问题的风险。

心理健康量表在近视研究中的应用

近视作为全球患病率最高的眼部疾病之一,已成为一项重要的公共卫生问题。近视除了会对眼部健康造成损害,还会对学生学习成绩、人际交往及生活质量等方面产生消极影响,导致焦虑、抑郁等心理健康问题。近年来,国内外学者越来越关注近视人群的心理健康状况,但如何客观准确地评估近视人群的心理健康仍是一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文通过归纳并总结近视人群心理健康量表在国内外研究中应用的现状和特征,分析量表的适用情况,为近视心理健康量表的科学选择提供参考。

社区居民新型冠状病毒感染与睡眠问题的关系

目的:了解新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)爆发期间居民的睡眠问题发生情况,分析睡眠问题发生是否与新型冠状病毒感染有直接关联。方法:选取4810名社区居民,包括1116例新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性者(核酸检测阳性组)和3694例新型冠状病毒核酸检测阴性者(核酸检测阴性组),采用睡眠自评量表(SRSS,总分≥23阳性)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7,总分≥5阳性)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-9,总分≥5阳性)进行评测。结果:SRSS量表、GAD-7量表和PHQ-9量表筛查阳性率分别为30.5%、33.7%和27.2%。Logistic回归分析显示,控制性别、年龄段、GAD筛查阳性、PHQ筛查阳性等因素后,核酸检测阳性与SRSS筛查阳性呈正向关联(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.48~2.03)。结论:核酸检测阳性组睡眠问题发生率高于核酸检测阴性组,睡眠问题发生与新型冠状病毒感染可能有关联。

基于网络分析的部队官兵积极心理健康研究

目的探索部队官兵积极心理健康的网络结构特征与核心项目,为提升官兵积极心理健康水平提供干预靶点。方法采用中文版沃里克爱丁堡积极心理健康量表对某部官兵开展调查,采用网络分析方法构建部队官兵积极心理健康网络,评估各项目的中心性程度。结果项目“面对未来我很乐观”和“我感觉自己很有用”之间,“我能很好地处理问题”和“我的头脑一直都很清醒”之间,以及“面对未来我很乐观”和“我很乐意和别人相处”之间的关联最为紧密,正则化偏相关系数分别为0.30、0.29和0.26;项目“我感觉很愉快”“我能很好地处理问题”和“我一直都很自信”的中心性程度最高,其预期影响分别为1.77、1.43和1.34(Z分数);各项目的平均可预测性为0.75,表明网络是倾向于自我维持的系统,受外部因素影响有限。结论以积极情绪和自我效能感为干预靶点,可能会最大程度提升官兵积极心理健康水平。

艾普沃斯嗜睡量表在大学生群体中的修订及信效度检验

目的修订艾普沃斯嗜睡量表中文版(ESSR),检验其在中国大学生群体中使用的信度和效度。方法对11755名大学生进行ESSR施测。随机选取一半大学生进行探索性因素分析,另一半进行验证性因素分析。采用睡眠障碍自评问卷、抑郁症状筛查量表、成人焦虑障碍筛查量表、昼夜节律类型量表简版和日间功能评定问卷检验效标关联效度。间隔4周后,随机选取105名大学生进行ESSR重测,以检验重测信度。此外,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)确定ESSR的最佳诊断值。结果ESSR每个项目得分与总分进行相关分析,结果显示相关系数为0.57~0.69,且所有相关系数均显著(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果发现,ESSR与失眠症状、睡眠呼吸障碍、抑郁症状、广泛性焦虑和日间功能存在显著的正相关,与节律类型得分存在负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析的结果表明,当ESSR总分为8.5分时,尤登指数最大(0.38),此时灵敏度为60.74%,特异度为77.41%,曲线下面积为0.75。结论ESSR在中国大学生群体中具有良好的信、效度,是测量和评估中国大学生嗜睡程度的有效工具。

校园春花、春叶植物景观对大学生身心健康的影响研究

为了研究大学生易接触的校园春季植物景观对其情绪恢复的影响,定量分析了大学生对校园春季花、叶两类植物景观观赏前后的生理状态指标(血压、心率、血样饱和浓度)和心理状态指标(总体情绪紊乱程度)变化值。结果表明:在生理指标方面,同一指标的各试验组的测试结果不同,但对于大学生身心状态的恢复有正向效应;观察不同春季植物景观对血压收缩压、血氧饱和浓度的恢复性效果与其他指标比较恢复性效果不明显,总体呈现出春季观花植物对各指标的恢复性效果最好。在心理指标上,大学生的总体情绪紊乱程度值(TMD)与室内TMD相比都有明显下降;不同试验组的总体情绪紊乱程度之间存在差异性,对压力的缓解程度存在差异性。

沃里克爱丁堡积极心理健康量表在癌症病人心理健康评价中的适用性研究

目的:检验中文版沃里克-爱丁堡积极心理健康量表在癌症病人群体中的信效度。方法:选取1105例癌症病人为研究对象,采用沃里克-爱丁堡积极心理健康量表、中文版疲劳量表和幸福感指数量表进行问卷调查。结果:WEMWBS-14和WEMWBS-7为单维度量表,分别有14和7个条目,临界比值分别介于20.813~29.173和21.278~30.338,各条目得分与量表总分的相关系数分别介于0.756~0.829和0.790~0.829,各条目共同性得分分别介于0.565~0.687和0.616~0.700;探索性因素分析提取出1个公因子,总解释率分别为62.155%和65.496%;验证性因素分析显示模型基本适配;内部一致性系数分别为0.953和0.911,两周后重测信度分别为0.733和0.710,折半信度系数为0.806和0.712。结论:中文版WEMWBS-14和WEMWBS-7在癌症病人群体中均有良好的信效度,WEMWBS-7可以作为癌症病人可行性高、耗时少、效率高的积极心理健康评估工具。

研究社会文化变迁的新视角——表征相似性分析:以老年人心理健康为例

在心理学及其他社会科学研究中,社会变迁研究主要使用单维度线性分析方法探索特定心理或行为的变化趋势以及影响社会变迁的潜在因素,缺乏对多维变量内部结构变迁的关注,也难以比较不同尺度的社会变迁现象。本研究将介绍一种从模式角度进行社会变迁研究的方法——表征相似性分析,并以1998~2018年间对中国老年人健康影响因素的纵向追踪数据(CLHLS)与对应时期的社会文化变迁测量为实例,演示如何构建多维度的表征相似性框架,依次介绍多变量单维模式分析[时间、空间、心理与意识空间(Mental space,简称“意间”)]、多变量跨维度模式分析(意间−时间,意间−空间,意间−时间−空间)、跨尺度模式分析(地区−国家)、概念模式分析,以及表征相似性分析与传统方法的耦合分析,随后展望了表征相似性分析的拓展方向。

综合医院精神心理科门诊首诊青少年患者心理健康状况调查

目的调查综合医院精神心理科门诊首次就诊青少年患者的心理健康状况。方法收集2021年8月至11月于医院心理科门诊首次就诊并完成中学生心理健康量表的青少年患者155例,提取其病历资料及量表评分,分析其心理健康状况。并与国内青少年常模比较及进行不同性别青少年患者间的比较。结果心理健康问题检出率为91%,其中平均得分排前3的因子为焦虑、抑郁、情绪不稳定。其中学生心理健康量表各因子均分显著高于国内青少年常模(t=10.410~23.749,P<0.001)。女性偏执、抑郁、焦虑、情绪不稳定得分及总均分均显著高于男性(P<0.05)。结论该院精神心理科门诊初次就诊的青少年患者心理健康问题普遍严重,且女性患者相对更严重。