Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Saudi Arabian Mentha longifolia L. essential oil

Objective: To investigate the chemical composition, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of Mentha longifolia L. essential oils using aqueous extract. Methods: Mentha longifolia L. essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus for 3 h and the yield of the essential oil was calculated. Essential oils were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. For these essential oils, antibacterial and antifungal activity against human pathogens were evaluated. Results: Nineteen chemical constituents representing 99.72% of the essential oil were found, comprising menthone (39.55%), isopulegone (30.49%), eucalyptol (10.38%), and α-terpineol (3.15%);these were major components, and others were minor components. The essential oil showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [(35.24 ± 0.13) mm], Enterococcus faecalis [(32.12 ± 0.12) mm] and Bacillus cereus [(30.06 ± 0.04) mm], as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus [(38.02 ± 0.06) mm], Alternaria alternaria [(35.26 ± 0.12) mm], and Penicillum spp ((34.14 ± 0.02) mm)Conclusions: It seems that the essential oils derived from the Mentha longifolia L. species could be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agents.

Effect of<i>Mentha longifolia</i>on FSH Serum Level in Premature Ovarian Failure

Purpose: Premature ovarian failure (POF) includes cessation of normal ovarian function before age 40, causing amenorrhea, menopausal symptoms and general health problems. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be administered in order to prevent menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis and vascular complications. Due to the contraindications and side effects of HRT and the increasing demand for alternative therapeutic modalities, we used Mentha longifolia, which is known in the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), as being able to cause menstrual bleeding in women with early amenorrhea and decreased FSH serum. Methods: In this pilot study, we report twenty seven amenorrheic women with POF who were referred to the Iranian traditional medicine clinic in Tehran and treated by Mentha longifolia. All those patients had high FSH levels and amenorrhea. They were in their fertility age, between 30 to 40 years old. They were asked to take a cup of herbal tea which was steeped with Mentha longifolia tea three times a day for 2 weeks in 3 menstural cycles. If the patients developed menstruation, the FSH serum level was measured immediately;otherwise they had an FSH measurement one month after the beginning of therapy. Results: Mean age of patients was 36.44 ± 1.5 years. Mean FSH level before treatment was 79.13 ± 19.17 mIU/ml, and after treatment was 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml. In four patients who did not have any response, mean range of FSH was 82.37 ± 19.75 mIU/ml before treatment and afterwards it was 81.97 ± 21.52 mIU/ml. After treatment with herbal teas, there was a significant decrease in FSH (79.39 ± 19.17 to 27.83 ± 16.14 mIU/ml, p value < 0.001). All patient except four (14.81%) had mensturation after taking the herbal medicine. Those four patients showed no decrease in FSH level. More of the patients who used medicinal tea achieved regular monthly bleeding when followed for three cycles.

基于RAPD标记的薄荷属(Mentha L.)植物亲缘关系分析

应用RAPD标记方法分析了薄荷属(MenthaL.)7个种38个种源间的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA聚类分析方法探讨了38个种源间的亲缘关系。结果表明,用20条随机引物从38个种源的总DNA中共扩增出111条带,其中多态性条带91条,多态性条带百分率达81.98%,表明薄荷属植物种间和种内存在丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.43处,供试的38个种源被分为2大类,其中第1大类包含日本薄荷(M.arvensisL.)、灰薄荷(M.vagansBoriss.)、留兰香(M.spicataL.)、皱叶留兰香(M.crispataSchrad.ex Willd.)、椒样薄荷(M.×piperitaL.)和薄荷(M.haplocalyxBriq.)的37个种源,第2大类仅包含唇萼薄荷(M.pulegiumL.)1个种源。在遗传相似系数0.74处,38个种源被分为6组:A组仅包含日本薄荷1个种源;B组包含灰薄荷的4个种源;C组包含留兰香的2个种源和皱叶留兰香的6个种源;D组包含椒样薄荷的5个种源和留兰香的2个种源;E组包含薄荷的17个种源;F组仅包含唇萼薄荷1个种源。在遗传相似系数0.83处,B组、C组、D组和E组可各自进一步划分为不同的亚组。研究结果显示,基于RAPD标记分析的聚类分析结果与传统形态学分类结果基本相吻合;同一种类来源相同或相近的种源聚在一起,说明薄荷属植物种内的遗传关系与地理分布和环境差异有一定的相关性。

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract from Mentha Iongifolia L. Hudson from North of Iran

This study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. hudson. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） assay and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. The essential oil and methanol extract were individually tested [disc-diffusion assay and evaluating minimum inhibition concentration （MIC）] against a number of bacteria. The essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria tested whereas the methanol extract almost remained inactive. In contrast, the extract showed much better activity than the essential oil in antioxidant activity assays employed, e.g. in the inhibition of free radical DPPH and β-carotene/linolcic acid systems. In the former, the extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 55.3μg/mL while that of the oils were 10,630μg/mL. When compared to BHT （butylated hydroxytoluene）, a synthetic antioxidant, both showed weaker antioxidative potential. Similarly, in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, these samples were not effectively able to inhibit the linoleic acid oxidation; exhibiting only 24% and 36% inhibitions at 2 mg/mL, respectively; both were far below than that of BHT. Total phenolic constituent of the extract was approximately 4.5 g/100 g as gallic acid equivalent. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS） analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 45 constituents, ei^-piperitone epoxide, pulegone and piperitenone oxide being the main components. The results indicate that essential oil and extract ofM. longifolia L. hudson may be used as natural preservative in food against the agents of foodborne diseases and food spoilage.

Antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L.

Objective:To investigate potential antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arrensis l.,in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extract.In vivo analgesic activity was carried out by acetic acid—induced writhing test in Swiss albino mice.All studies in mice were undertaken at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Antibacterial activilv was studied by disk diffusion assay against some Gram—positive and Gram—negative bacterial strains.Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to investigate cyloloxicity effects of the plant extract.Results:The extract showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay(IC5041 μg/mL)compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid(IC5019 μg/mL).The extract also produced prominent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi.Salmonella paratyphi.Shigella boydii,Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus aureus compared to standard drug kanamycin at the dose of 30 μg/disc.The extract exhibited lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii with the LC50,values of 40 μg/mL.and also 90%mortality(LC90) value was found to be 160 μg/mL.In analgesic test.the extract demonstrated statistically significant（P【0.01） analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing in white albino mice al both dose levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mentha arvenns L.has potential antioxidant,antibacterial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities that support the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant.

Chemical Constituents from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.(Mentha canadensis L.)and Theirα‑Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Mentha haplocalyx(Mentha canadensis)is widely used as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine,and the extracts of its aerial parts are found to signifcantly inhibit the activity ofα-glucosidase with an IC_(50) value of 21.0μg/mL.Bioactivity-guided isolation of the extracts aforded two new compounds(1 and 2),together with 23 known ones(3-25).Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses(1D and 2D NMR,MS,IR and UV).Compounds 1-17 and 21-25 were evaluated for theirα-glucosidase inhibitory activities.Compound 11 was the most active ones with an IC_(50) values of 83.4μM.These results verify theα-glucosidase inhibitory activity of M.haplocalyx(M.canadensis)and specify its active compounds for the frst time.

Essential Oils from Mentha viridis(L).L.and Mentha pulegium L.:Cytogenotoxic Effects on Human Cells

The essential oils from Mentha viridis (L). L. and Mentha pulegium L. were studied to assess their inhibitory potential on phospholipase from snake venoms and to determine their cytogenotoxic action on human cells. These essential oils were able to inhibit the breakdown of phospholipids induced by venoms of snakes of the Bothrops genus. Both oils presented hemolytic activity, although the Mentha viridis (L). L. oil induced hemolysis only at the highest concentrations (14.6 and 29 μL&#183mL-1). The essential oil from M. viridis induced 3.9;8.6 and 16.2 times greater damage to human leukocyte DNA than that observed with the positive control (100 μg&#183μL-1 doxorubicin) at concentrations of 0.25;0.5 and 1.0 μL&#183mL-1, respectively. A similar effect was observed for the oil from M. pulegium (2.1, 2.5 and 15.8 times greater damage). The results extend the characterization of these essential oils and demonstrate their potential use in industries.

NaCl胁迫对留兰香基因组DNA及其甲基化的影响

研究了NaCl处理对留兰香生长发育和生理生化反应的影响,以及对基因组DNA及其甲基化的影响。将留兰香组培苗接种于添加了NaCl的MS培养基上(NaCl浓度分别为0,50、100、150 mmol/L),用混合取样法,取同一生长时期植株嫩叶,提取植物基因组DNA,用AFLP,MSAP的方法进行相关的分析。结果表明,NaCl处理20天后,随着盐浓度的升高,叶绿素的含量逐渐降低,MDA和脯氨酸含量逐渐增大。AFLP分析表明,处理组与对照组之间未发现特异片段,基因组序列未发生变异。MSAP分析表明,50 mmol/L NaCl处理会引起全基因组DNA的甲基化水平降低,而100、150 mmol/L NaCl则诱导了全基因组DNA的甲基化水平升高;与对照相比,50、100、150 mmol/L NaCl处理后DNA甲基化和去甲基化比率分别为4.35%、9.93%、12.46%和12.73%、13.12%、20.54%。NaCl可影响留兰香的生长发育,引起各项生理生化指标的改变。NaCl虽然不造成留兰香基因序列的变异,但是可以引起其基因组DNA甲基化水平的改变。低浓度的NaCl引起基因组DNA甲基化水平降低,高浓度的NaCl可引起基因组DNA甲基化水平升高。

HPLC法测定留兰香油中柠檬烯

[目的]建立高效液相色谱法测定留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量。[方法]以无水甲醇为外标物,对留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为无水甲醇-水(75∶25,V/V),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为200 nm,柱温为25℃。[结果]柠檬烯含量在0.21～1.05 mg/ml时,其峰面积与浓度呈线性关系,相关系数R2为0.995,平均回收率为98.0%,RSD为2.6%;计算得留兰香油原料中柠檬烯的含量为24.2%。[结论]该方法简单快速、准确,可用于留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量测定。

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Nitrogen Metabolism of Menthol Mint under Different Phosphorus Levels

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of different phosphorus levels (0.05, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) under nitrogen metabolism and the essential oil profile of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.). The relationship between the leaf maturity and the essential oil profile was also explored. The experiment was conducted in a hydroponic system located in a grow chamber during 41 days and after the harvest, nitrate reductase activity, and the -N, amino-N, and soluble sugars levels of each plant part were evaluated. Also the essential oil from young leaves (6th to 8th node) and adult leaves (3rd to the 5th node) was analyzed. An uptake mechanism related to the increase in fresh weight of the roots was promoted with the use of low P levels (0.05 and 0.50 mmol&middotL-1). With 1 mmol&middotL-1 P plants showed in all parts an increased nitrate reductase activity and high levels of nitrate and amino-N in leaves. Plants submitted to the lowest P level (0.05 mmol&middotL-1) presented high levels of menthol. In leaves from 6th to 8th node (mature leaves) menthol level was approximately 87% of the essential oil however leaves from the 3rd to the 5th node (young leaves) showed high levels of pulegone, that can be toxic for humans. The results indicate that the essential oil quality in menthol mint is influenced by the leaf maturity and the P levels. Also it was showed that the oil extracted from mature leaves of plants under low P levels has the best commercial profile.

复方驱蚊精油化学成分分析及其驱避活性评价

[目的]分析由薄荷、浮萍、石菖蒲、迷迭香4种中药植物配伍而成的复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,并进行驱避活性评价。[方法]通过气质联用色谱技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,按照《空间驱避产品药效试验及评价(Y型管法)》,评价精油对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避活性。[结果]鉴定出主要挥发性成分58种,占精油总成分的98.28%,萜类18种(44.99%)、烯烃类9种(20.27%)、酯类5种(14.07%)、芳香烃类8种(12.00%)、烷烃类7种(3.48%)、醇类9种(2.78%)、酮类2种(0.69%)。复方驱蚊精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避率(percent repellency,PR)平均达90%。[结论]复方驱蚊精油的化学成分较多,对白纹伊蚊起到驱避作用的可能有薄荷醇、薄荷酮、α-蒎烯等多种化学成分,平均驱避效果达到A级水平。

薄荷茉莉酸受体McCOI1a基因的克隆与表达模式分析

【目的】茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)受体COI1在调节植物生长发育、逆境响应方面具有重要作用。克隆薄荷McCOI1a基因,并分析其蛋白特征与表达模式,为薄荷分子育种提供基因资源。【方法】基于转录组数据从薄荷叶片中克隆McCOI1a,并通过生物信息学分析、烟草叶片瞬时表达、实时荧光定量PCR技术对McCOI1a的蛋白特性、亚细胞定位、基因表达模式进行分析。【结果】McCOI1a基因全长1842 bp,编码613个氨基酸;McCOI1a蛋白具有保守的F-box和LRR结构域,与丹参SmCOI1蛋白同源性最高;亚细胞定位结果显示McCOI1a蛋白定位于细胞核;McCOI1a在不同组织中均有表达,在根中表达量最高,在叶序中表达呈逐渐上升的趋势;在叶片中,McCOI1a在MeJA、干旱、NaCl、AlCl3、CdCl2、CuCl2处理下的表达呈不同程度的上调,并且AlCl3处理下其上调最明显,表达量最高可达1206倍;在根中,McCOI1a的表达在CuCl2处理下呈先下调而后上调的模式,在其余处理下,McCOI1a的表达都呈现出不同程度的下调。【结论】McCOI1a响应MeJA和非生物逆境胁迫,可能在调控薄荷生长发育、逆境响应方面发挥重要作用。

不同光质对留兰香薄荷生长及次生代谢产物的影响

本研究以留兰香薄荷幼苗为试验材料,以自然光(W)为对照,采用红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝混合光(RB)进行光照处理,探究不同光质对留兰香薄荷生长、生理指标和次生代谢物合成的影响。研究结果表明,不同光质可影响留兰香薄荷植株茎段生根率、茎段腋芽萌发率、茎粗、叶片数、地上部分鲜重、叶片含水率等生长指标;红光和红蓝混合光可显著增加叶片中可溶性糖含量。叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量随蓝光比例升高而升高;红蓝混合光处理叶片中叶绿素含量显著高于对照,红光和蓝光处理叶片中叶绿素含量也均有一定的提升。其中红光主要影响叶绿素a含量,而蓝光影响叶绿素b含量。与对照相比,红光和蓝光处理留兰香薄荷次生代谢产物香芹酮含量降低。红蓝混合光可促进留兰香薄荷香芹酮的积累,降低D-柠檬烯含量,并提高部分萜烯类化合物占比。不同光质可影响留兰香薄荷生长及生理指标,且红蓝混合光可改变留兰香薄荷次生代谢产物含量,为提高薄荷药用价值及工厂化繁育提供了依据。

气相色谱-质谱法测定牙膏中7种薄荷类化学成分

建立同时测定牙膏中柠檬烯、桉油精、薄荷酮、薄荷醇、香芹酮、乙酸薄荷酯、薄荷醇乳酸酯7种薄荷类化学成分含量的气相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经无水乙醇提取,以DB-5 MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)为分离柱。采用程序升温、选择离子监测(SIM)模式测定目标物定量离子的色谱峰面积,用外标法对7种化合物进行定量测定。7种化合物的质量浓度在0.2~20μg/mL范围内与定量离子的色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均不小于0.996,检出限为0.1~2.5μg/g。选取牙膏基质在3种浓度水平下考察加标回收率,7种化合物的平均回收率为85.0%~108.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%~2.9%(n=6)。该方法准确、可靠,可用于牙膏中7种薄荷类化学成分的同时测定。

六种植物精油对家蝇的熏蒸及触杀毒力测定

测定了 6种植物精油对家蝇的熏蒸及触杀作用。结果表明 ,6种精油均对家蝇有较强的熏蒸活性 ,且表现出一定的触杀活性。熏蒸毒力次序为 :黄樟油 (L C50 =1.76 95 μL/ L) >八角叶油(1.8930 μL/ L) >肉桂油 (5 .80 74 μL/ L) >留兰香油 (6 .2 12 3μL/ L) >香茅油 (6 .5 80 1μL/ L) >薄荷素油 (9.4 5 0 0μL / L ) ;触杀活性较好的为黄樟油 ,其次为留兰香油、香茅油和薄荷素油 。

薄荷属植物挥发性成分及药理作用研究进展

薄荷属(Mentha L.)植物广泛分布于世界各地,有着悠久的药食两用史。目前,薄荷属植物挥发性物质主要应用于医药、食品、化妆品、香料、烟草等工业。现代研究表明其挥发性成分主要含有多种单萜类化合物,药理学研究显示其具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗辐射、抗癌、降血压等生物活性。本文主要对该属植物挥发性化学成分及药理作用的研究现状进行综述,以期为进一步开发和利用该属植物提供科学依据。

薄荷不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的研究

采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、Fe+还原法(FRAP)三种抗氧化模型对薄荷的水、甲醇、70%乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯五种提取物进行抗氧化活性评价,同时分析抗氧化活性与总酚和总黄酮含量的关系。结果表明,薄荷不同提取物均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,其抗氧化活性与多酚含量呈极显著相关,与黄酮含量相关性较小。其中,水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(0.53±0.04)mg/mL;甲醇提取物对ABTS自由基清除率最高,EC50值为(1.57±0.03)mg/mL;乙酸乙酯提取物的FRAP值最高为(4.73±0.03)mmol/g;水提物中总酚含量最高为(58.81±3.10)mg/g,甲醇提取物中总黄酮含量较高为(162.95±1.91)mg/g。

薄荷属植物的化学成分及药理学研究进展

目的介绍薄荷属植物化学成分及其药理作用的研究概况。方法分析薄荷属植物近年来的研究资料。结果薄荷主要化学成分为挥发油、黄酮类、萜类、有机酸类等,具有保肝利胆、镇痛、抗菌、抗炎等药理作用。结论可进一步加强薄荷的研究、开发和利用。

4种新疆地产芳香植物精油抗氧化作用比较研究

采用体外研究方法比较新疆地产玫瑰、迷迭香、椒样薄荷和罗马甘菊4种芳香植物精油的抗氧化活性。测定4种精油对1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力,同时用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定4种挥发油对脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用。结果表明:4种精油均可清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基,并可抑制卵黄不饱和脂肪酸过氧化,且清除各类自由基及抑制脂质过氧化作用与样品挥发油质量浓度正向相关。4种精油抗氧化活性顺序为玫瑰>迷迭香>椒样薄荷>罗马甘菊。

留兰香的活性成分(Ⅰ)

目的对唇形科薄荷属植物留兰香(Mentha spicataL.)的活性部位的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为3甲氧基4羟基苯甲酸(3 methoxy 4 hydroxybenzoic acid,Ⅰ)、3,5二甲氧基4羟基苯甲酸(3,5 dimethoxy 4 hydroxybenzoic acid,Ⅱ)、橙皮素7OβD葡萄糖苷(hes-peretin 7OβDglucoside,Ⅲ)、芹菜素7OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(apigenin 7OβDpyranglucoside,Ⅳ)。结论化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ为首次从薄荷属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ为留兰香中首次分离得到。