Initial Study on the Antibacterial Action of Mentha spicata Linn Extract in Vitro

[Objective] The research aimed to study the antibacterial action of Mentha spicata Linn extract in vitro.[Method] The cylinder-plate method was used to measure the inhibitory zone size of Mentha spicata Linn extract.The test-tube double dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of Mentha spicata Linn extract on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria,which could determine the antibacterial effect.[Result] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the different antibacterial effects on the four kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria.Especially the inhibition effect on the pig staphylococcus was comparatively obvious.MIC of Mentha spicata Linn decoction I,alcohol extract III,volatile oil V and volatile oil VI were respectively 31.25,62.5,2.32 and 2.31 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The decoction,alcohol extract and volatile oil of Mentha spicata Linn had the certain antibacterial effect in vitro,and the extracts which were gained by the different extraction methods had the different inhibition effects on the experimental bacteria.

Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of <i>Rumex abyssinica</i>Jacq. (Polygonaceae) and <i>Mentha spicata</i>L. (Lamiaceae)

Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare;whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dandruff, halitosis and malaria in Uganda. Owing to the paucity of data on their safety profiles, this study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of 70% ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants in mice and Wistar albino rats. The oral acute toxicity of both plants was evaluated in Swiss mice of 7-8 weeks old (16-22 g) body weight and LD50 determined. Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar albino rats (6 per group) at dose rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 28 days. The LD50 of R. abyssinica and M. spicata in mice was 7727 mg/kg and 13,606 mg/kg body weight, respectively. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of both plants extract included hyperurination, abdominal muscle twitches and convulsions. In the sub-acute toxicity test, rats treated with both extracts did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity;no mortality and changes in body weight were observed. R. abyssinica did not cause significant changes in haematological indices, except a significant increase in HCT (p 0.05). However, a dose dependant significant decrease in HCT (p 0.05) and a significant increase (p 0.05) in the levels of WBC, LMY and MCHC were observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Biochemical test showed that both extracts caused a significant dose dependent increase (p 0.05) in levels of ALT and ALP. Marked increase in the levels of AST was also observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Of the two extracts, only rats treated with </

基于RAPD标记的薄荷属(Mentha L.)植物亲缘关系分析

应用RAPD标记方法分析了薄荷属(MenthaL.)7个种38个种源间的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA聚类分析方法探讨了38个种源间的亲缘关系。结果表明,用20条随机引物从38个种源的总DNA中共扩增出111条带,其中多态性条带91条,多态性条带百分率达81.98%,表明薄荷属植物种间和种内存在丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.43处,供试的38个种源被分为2大类,其中第1大类包含日本薄荷(M.arvensisL.)、灰薄荷(M.vagansBoriss.)、留兰香(M.spicataL.)、皱叶留兰香(M.crispataSchrad.ex Willd.)、椒样薄荷(M.×piperitaL.)和薄荷(M.haplocalyxBriq.)的37个种源,第2大类仅包含唇萼薄荷(M.pulegiumL.)1个种源。在遗传相似系数0.74处,38个种源被分为6组:A组仅包含日本薄荷1个种源;B组包含灰薄荷的4个种源;C组包含留兰香的2个种源和皱叶留兰香的6个种源;D组包含椒样薄荷的5个种源和留兰香的2个种源;E组包含薄荷的17个种源;F组仅包含唇萼薄荷1个种源。在遗传相似系数0.83处,B组、C组、D组和E组可各自进一步划分为不同的亚组。研究结果显示,基于RAPD标记分析的聚类分析结果与传统形态学分类结果基本相吻合;同一种类来源相同或相近的种源聚在一起,说明薄荷属植物种内的遗传关系与地理分布和环境差异有一定的相关性。

Antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arvensis L.

Objective:To investigate potential antioxidant,antimicrobial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Mentha arrensis l.,in different in vivo and in vitro experimental models.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extract.In vivo analgesic activity was carried out by acetic acid—induced writhing test in Swiss albino mice.All studies in mice were undertaken at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight.Antibacterial activilv was studied by disk diffusion assay against some Gram—positive and Gram—negative bacterial strains.Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to investigate cyloloxicity effects of the plant extract.Results:The extract showed free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH assay(IC5041 μg/mL)compared to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid(IC5019 μg/mL).The extract also produced prominent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi.Salmonella paratyphi.Shigella boydii,Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus aureus compared to standard drug kanamycin at the dose of 30 μg/disc.The extract exhibited lethality against the brine shrimp nauplii with the LC50,values of 40 μg/mL.and also 90%mortality(LC90) value was found to be 160 μg/mL.In analgesic test.the extract demonstrated statistically significant（P【0.01） analgesic effect in acetic acid induced writhing in white albino mice al both dose levels.Conclusions:These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of Mentha arvenns L.has potential antioxidant,antibacterial,cytotoxic and analgesic activities that support the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant.

Chemical Constituents from Mentha haplocalyx Briq.(Mentha canadensis L.)and Theirα‑Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Mentha haplocalyx(Mentha canadensis)is widely used as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine,and the extracts of its aerial parts are found to signifcantly inhibit the activity ofα-glucosidase with an IC_(50) value of 21.0μg/mL.Bioactivity-guided isolation of the extracts aforded two new compounds(1 and 2),together with 23 known ones(3-25).Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses(1D and 2D NMR,MS,IR and UV).Compounds 1-17 and 21-25 were evaluated for theirα-glucosidase inhibitory activities.Compound 11 was the most active ones with an IC_(50) values of 83.4μM.These results verify theα-glucosidase inhibitory activity of M.haplocalyx(M.canadensis)and specify its active compounds for the frst time.

L-carvone attenuates myocardial injury and dyslipidemia in rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy

Objective:To explore the therapeutic efficacy of L-carvone from Mentha spicata L.leaf extracts against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.Methods:Isoproterenol(5 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally into rats for one month to induce cardiac hypertrophy.L-carvone(25 and 100 mg/kg)was administered orally to treat cardiac hypertrophy.The cardioprotective activity of L-carvone was evaluated by electrocardiogram,histopathological analysis as well as determination of biochemical parameters and enzymatic markers.Results:L-carvone from Mentha spicata L.at 25 and 100 mg/kg ameliorated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy,as evidenced by reduced QRS interval on electrocardiogram,and decreased heart weight and heart index.In addition,both doses of L-carvone markedly lowered the levels of glucose,total protein,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,lactate dehydrogenase,creatine kinase MB,troponin-Ⅰ,N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipase level(P<0.05).Moreover,L-carvone alleviated contraction band necrosis,and reorganized the myofibrils with normal striations and myocytes as well as normal nuclei in cardiac histoarchitecture of rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.Conclusions:L-carvone from Mentha spicata L.leaf extract can restore abnormal cardiac function and may be further explored as a therapeutic agent against the deleterious effects of cardiac hypertrophy after further evaluation.

Essential Oils from Mentha viridis(L).L.and Mentha pulegium L.:Cytogenotoxic Effects on Human Cells

The essential oils from Mentha viridis (L). L. and Mentha pulegium L. were studied to assess their inhibitory potential on phospholipase from snake venoms and to determine their cytogenotoxic action on human cells. These essential oils were able to inhibit the breakdown of phospholipids induced by venoms of snakes of the Bothrops genus. Both oils presented hemolytic activity, although the Mentha viridis (L). L. oil induced hemolysis only at the highest concentrations (14.6 and 29 μL&#183mL-1). The essential oil from M. viridis induced 3.9;8.6 and 16.2 times greater damage to human leukocyte DNA than that observed with the positive control (100 μg&#183μL-1 doxorubicin) at concentrations of 0.25;0.5 and 1.0 μL&#183mL-1, respectively. A similar effect was observed for the oil from M. pulegium (2.1, 2.5 and 15.8 times greater damage). The results extend the characterization of these essential oils and demonstrate their potential use in industries.

复方驱蚊精油化学成分分析及其驱避活性评价

[目的]分析由薄荷、浮萍、石菖蒲、迷迭香4种中药植物配伍而成的复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,并进行驱避活性评价。[方法]通过气质联用色谱技术(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析复方驱蚊精油的化学成分,按照《空间驱避产品药效试验及评价(Y型管法)》,评价精油对白纹伊蚊成虫的驱避活性。[结果]鉴定出主要挥发性成分58种,占精油总成分的98.28%,萜类18种(44.99%)、烯烃类9种(20.27%)、酯类5种(14.07%)、芳香烃类8种(12.00%)、烷烃类7种(3.48%)、醇类9种(2.78%)、酮类2种(0.69%)。复方驱蚊精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避率(percent repellency,PR)平均达90%。[结论]复方驱蚊精油的化学成分较多,对白纹伊蚊起到驱避作用的可能有薄荷醇、薄荷酮、α-蒎烯等多种化学成分,平均驱避效果达到A级水平。

不同光质对留兰香薄荷生长及次生代谢产物的影响

本研究以留兰香薄荷幼苗为试验材料,以自然光(W)为对照,采用红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝混合光(RB)进行光照处理,探究不同光质对留兰香薄荷生长、生理指标和次生代谢物合成的影响。研究结果表明,不同光质可影响留兰香薄荷植株茎段生根率、茎段腋芽萌发率、茎粗、叶片数、地上部分鲜重、叶片含水率等生长指标;红光和红蓝混合光可显著增加叶片中可溶性糖含量。叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量随蓝光比例升高而升高;红蓝混合光处理叶片中叶绿素含量显著高于对照,红光和蓝光处理叶片中叶绿素含量也均有一定的提升。其中红光主要影响叶绿素a含量,而蓝光影响叶绿素b含量。与对照相比,红光和蓝光处理留兰香薄荷次生代谢产物香芹酮含量降低。红蓝混合光可促进留兰香薄荷香芹酮的积累,降低D-柠檬烯含量,并提高部分萜烯类化合物占比。不同光质可影响留兰香薄荷生长及生理指标,且红蓝混合光可改变留兰香薄荷次生代谢产物含量,为提高薄荷药用价值及工厂化繁育提供了依据。

NaCl胁迫对留兰香基因组DNA及其甲基化的影响

研究了NaCl处理对留兰香生长发育和生理生化反应的影响,以及对基因组DNA及其甲基化的影响。将留兰香组培苗接种于添加了NaCl的MS培养基上(NaCl浓度分别为0,50、100、150 mmol/L),用混合取样法,取同一生长时期植株嫩叶,提取植物基因组DNA,用AFLP,MSAP的方法进行相关的分析。结果表明,NaCl处理20天后,随着盐浓度的升高,叶绿素的含量逐渐降低,MDA和脯氨酸含量逐渐增大。AFLP分析表明,处理组与对照组之间未发现特异片段,基因组序列未发生变异。MSAP分析表明,50 mmol/L NaCl处理会引起全基因组DNA的甲基化水平降低,而100、150 mmol/L NaCl则诱导了全基因组DNA的甲基化水平升高;与对照相比,50、100、150 mmol/L NaCl处理后DNA甲基化和去甲基化比率分别为4.35%、9.93%、12.46%和12.73%、13.12%、20.54%。NaCl可影响留兰香的生长发育,引起各项生理生化指标的改变。NaCl虽然不造成留兰香基因序列的变异,但是可以引起其基因组DNA甲基化水平的改变。低浓度的NaCl引起基因组DNA甲基化水平降低,高浓度的NaCl可引起基因组DNA甲基化水平升高。

基于HPLC指纹图谱及多成分含量测定的薄荷与留兰香药材非挥发性成分比较研究

目的比较薄荷和留兰香的非挥发性成分,为其质量评价提供依据。方法采用Poroshell120EC-C18色谱柱,以甲醇-乙腈-5%乙酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.6m L/min,柱温35℃,指纹图谱检测波长为305 nm,含量测定时隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、香叶木苷、蒙花苷、香叶木素检测波长为330 nm,橙皮苷、香蜂草苷为284 nm。采用聚类分析和主成分分析对薄荷和留兰香的非挥发性成分进行比较。结果建立了薄荷和留兰香药材的HPLC指纹图谱,标定14个共有峰,指认其中7个成分。对薄荷和留兰香中隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、橙皮苷、迷迭香酸、香叶木苷、香蜂草苷、蒙花苷和香叶木素进行含量测定,各成分分离良好,方法重复性、稳定性、回收率均符合要求。聚类分析和主成分分析结果表明,薄荷和留兰香的非挥发性成分差异较小,不同采收期的药材质量差异较大。结论HPLC指纹图谱结合多成分含量测定方法简便、准确,重复性良好,可为完善薄荷和留兰香的质量控制提供参考。

薄荷茉莉酸受体McCOI1a基因的克隆与表达模式分析

【目的】茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)受体COI1在调节植物生长发育、逆境响应方面具有重要作用。克隆薄荷McCOI1a基因,并分析其蛋白特征与表达模式,为薄荷分子育种提供基因资源。【方法】基于转录组数据从薄荷叶片中克隆McCOI1a,并通过生物信息学分析、烟草叶片瞬时表达、实时荧光定量PCR技术对McCOI1a的蛋白特性、亚细胞定位、基因表达模式进行分析。【结果】McCOI1a基因全长1842 bp,编码613个氨基酸;McCOI1a蛋白具有保守的F-box和LRR结构域,与丹参SmCOI1蛋白同源性最高;亚细胞定位结果显示McCOI1a蛋白定位于细胞核;McCOI1a在不同组织中均有表达,在根中表达量最高,在叶序中表达呈逐渐上升的趋势;在叶片中,McCOI1a在MeJA、干旱、NaCl、AlCl3、CdCl2、CuCl2处理下的表达呈不同程度的上调,并且AlCl3处理下其上调最明显,表达量最高可达1206倍;在根中,McCOI1a的表达在CuCl2处理下呈先下调而后上调的模式,在其余处理下,McCOI1a的表达都呈现出不同程度的下调。【结论】McCOI1a响应MeJA和非生物逆境胁迫,可能在调控薄荷生长发育、逆境响应方面发挥重要作用。

HPLC法测定留兰香油中柠檬烯

[目的]建立高效液相色谱法测定留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量。[方法]以无水甲醇为外标物,对留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为无水甲醇-水(75∶25,V/V),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为200 nm,柱温为25℃。[结果]柠檬烯含量在0.21～1.05 mg/ml时,其峰面积与浓度呈线性关系,相关系数R2为0.995,平均回收率为98.0%,RSD为2.6%;计算得留兰香油原料中柠檬烯的含量为24.2%。[结论]该方法简单快速、准确,可用于留兰香油中柠檬烯的含量测定。

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil and Nitrogen Metabolism of Menthol Mint under Different Phosphorus Levels

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of different phosphorus levels (0.05, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) under nitrogen metabolism and the essential oil profile of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis L.). The relationship between the leaf maturity and the essential oil profile was also explored. The experiment was conducted in a hydroponic system located in a grow chamber during 41 days and after the harvest, nitrate reductase activity, and the -N, amino-N, and soluble sugars levels of each plant part were evaluated. Also the essential oil from young leaves (6th to 8th node) and adult leaves (3rd to the 5th node) was analyzed. An uptake mechanism related to the increase in fresh weight of the roots was promoted with the use of low P levels (0.05 and 0.50 mmol&middotL-1). With 1 mmol&middotL-1 P plants showed in all parts an increased nitrate reductase activity and high levels of nitrate and amino-N in leaves. Plants submitted to the lowest P level (0.05 mmol&middotL-1) presented high levels of menthol. In leaves from 6th to 8th node (mature leaves) menthol level was approximately 87% of the essential oil however leaves from the 3rd to the 5th node (young leaves) showed high levels of pulegone, that can be toxic for humans. The results indicate that the essential oil quality in menthol mint is influenced by the leaf maturity and the P levels. Also it was showed that the oil extracted from mature leaves of plants under low P levels has the best commercial profile.

阜阳市薄荷品种精油成分分析

[目的]筛选出地区适应性强、产量高、活性成分含量高的亚洲薄荷优良种质,推动阜阳市薄荷产业的高质量发展。[方法]以阜阳市薄荷主要种植区的30份薄荷品种资源为研究对象,对精油含量、精油成分及相对含量进行检测分析。[结果]30份薄荷品种精油含量平均值为2.14%,其中M-23品种最高,达3.50%。精油化学型主要为薄荷醇型和氧化胡椒酮型等化学型。薄荷醇型中M-1品种的薄荷醇含量最高,达77.91%。氧化胡椒酮型中M-26品种的氧化胡椒酮含量最高,达56.19%。在30份薄荷品种资源中,有25种达到了2020版《中国药典》的标准,24种达到了当地采购商的采购要求。[结论]M-1、M-3、M-19、M-27这4个薄荷品种精油含量高、薄荷醇含量高,精油品质好,适合在阜阳地区推广应用。

新疆留兰香挥发油成分GC-MS分析及其抑菌活性研究

基于GC-MS技术对新疆和田产地种植的留兰香的挥发油成分进行分析,并进行体外抑菌活性研究。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取留兰香地上部分的挥发油,应用GC-MS技术,分析、鉴定其挥发油的化学成分。采用肉汤稀释法和平板菌落计数法检测留兰香挥发油的体外抑菌活性。结果表明留兰香的挥发油产率是0.36%,密度是0.941 g/mL。从中鉴定出36种化学成分,其主要成分是左旋香芹酮(58.33%)、柠檬烯(24.28%)、1-石竹烯(5.48%)、左旋-β-蒎烯(1.94%)。抑菌实验表明,留兰香挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌均具有一定的抑菌作用。本方法用于留兰香挥发油的化学成分分析稳定可靠,初次揭示了新疆和田地区留兰香挥发油的化学成分及其抑菌活性,可作为具有抑菌剂开发价值的潜在天然植物。

六种植物精油对家蝇的熏蒸及触杀毒力测定

测定了 6种植物精油对家蝇的熏蒸及触杀作用。结果表明 ,6种精油均对家蝇有较强的熏蒸活性 ,且表现出一定的触杀活性。熏蒸毒力次序为 :黄樟油 (L C50 =1.76 95 μL/ L) >八角叶油(1.8930 μL/ L) >肉桂油 (5 .80 74 μL/ L) >留兰香油 (6 .2 12 3μL/ L) >香茅油 (6 .5 80 1μL/ L) >薄荷素油 (9.4 5 0 0μL / L ) ;触杀活性较好的为黄樟油 ,其次为留兰香油、香茅油和薄荷素油 。

留兰香的活性成分(Ⅰ)

目的对唇形科薄荷属植物留兰香(Mentha spicataL.)的活性部位的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为3甲氧基4羟基苯甲酸(3 methoxy 4 hydroxybenzoic acid,Ⅰ)、3,5二甲氧基4羟基苯甲酸(3,5 dimethoxy 4 hydroxybenzoic acid,Ⅱ)、橙皮素7OβD葡萄糖苷(hes-peretin 7OβDglucoside,Ⅲ)、芹菜素7OβD吡喃葡萄糖苷(apigenin 7OβDpyranglucoside,Ⅳ)。结论化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ为首次从薄荷属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ为留兰香中首次分离得到。

留兰香水溶性部分化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对唇形科薄荷属植物留兰香(Mentha spicataL.)的水溶性部分的化学成分进行研究。方法采用甲基化的方法处理水溶性部分样品,采用硅胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和NMR波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为柠檬酸三甲酯(trimethyl citrate,1)、原儿茶酸甲酯(methyl protocatechuate,2)、香草酸甲酯(methyl vanillate,3)、次黄嘌呤核苷(inosine,4)、尿苷(uridine,5)。将它们还原为甲基化前的结构,依次为柠檬酸(citricacid,1′)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,2′)、香草酸(vanillic acid,3′)、次黄嘌呤核苷(inosine,4)、尿苷(uridine,5)。结论化合物4、5为首次从薄荷属植物中分离得到,化合物1′为首次从留兰香中分离得到。