Study on a Mesoscale Convective Vortex Causing Heavy Rainfall during the Mei-yu Season in 2003

The strong heavy rainfall on 3–5 July 2003 causing the severe flooding in Huaihe River basin （HRB）, China is studied. It is noted that there are sometimes mesoscale convective vortex （MCV） in East Asia during the mei-yu season. Simulation results from the ARPS （Advanced Regional Prediction） data analysis system （ADAS） and WRF model were used to study the development of the mesoscale convective system （MCS） and mesoscale convective vortex （MCV）. It is confirmed that the MCV formed during the development of a previous severe MCS. A closed vortex circulation can be found below 600 hPa with a vorticity maximum in the middle troposphere. The evolution process of the MCV can be divided into three stages： initiation, maturation, and dissipation. During the mature stage of the MCV, a downdraft occurred in the center of the MCV and new convection developed in southeast of the MCV. The convergence and the tilting in the lower troposphere convergence and vertical advection in the middle troposphere were the main vorticity sources in the MCV initiation stage. Finally, a conceptual model between the mei-yu front and the embedded MCS and MCV is proposed. The mei-yu front was the background condition for the development of the MCS and MCV. A low level jet （LLJ） transported moisture and the weak cold air invasion via a trough aloft in the middle troposphere and triggering the severe convection. Furthermore, the intensified jet was able to result in the initiation of new ＂secondary＂ areas of convection in the eastern part of the MCV.

Mesoscale Vortex Generation and Merging Process: A Case Study Associated with a Post-Landfall Tropical Depression

An observational analysis of satellite blackbody temperature （TBB） data and radar images suggests that the mesoscale vortex generation and merging process appeared to be essential for a tropical-depression-related heavy rain event in Shanghai, China. A numerical simulation reproduced the observed mesoscale vortex generation and merging process and the corresponding rain pattern, and then the model outputs were used to study the related dynamics through diagnosing the potential vorticity （PV） equation. The tropical depression （TD） was found to weaken first at lower levels and then at upper levels due to negative horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects. The meso-vortices developed gradually, also from the lower to the upper levels, as a result of positive horizontal PV advection and diabatic heating effects in the downshear left quadrant of the TD. One of these newly-generated vortices, V1, replaced the TD ultimately, while the other two, V2 and V3, merged due to the horizontal PV advection process. Together with the redevelopment of V1, the merging of V2 and V3 triggered the very heavy rain in Shanghai.

A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Formation of Mesoscale Vortex in Col Field

The mesoscale vortex associated with a mesoscale low-level jet （mLLJ） usually causes heavy rainfall in the col field. The col field is defined as a region between two highs and two lows, with the isobaric surface similar to a col. Using a two-dimensional shallow water model, the meso-β scale vortex couplets （MβVCs） induced by eight types of mesoscale wind perturbations in an ideal col field were numerically simulated. With the sizes of -100 km, the MβVCs induced by northerly perturbation （NP） and southerly perturbation （SP） moved toward the col point. The sizes of MβVCs induced by southwesterly perturbation （SWP）, southeasterly perturbation （SEP）, northwesterly perturbation （NWP）, and northeasterly perturbation （NEP） were relatively small for the perturbations moving toward dilatation axis. The MβVC induced by easterly perturbation （EP） and westerly perturbation （WP） could not develop because they quickly moved away from the col point, before the circulation could form. The size of the circulation was determined by the distance between the vortex and the col point. The closer to the col point the vortex was, the larger the size of vortex. The comparisons of maximum vorticity and vorticity root mean square error （RMSE） of the NP, the SWP, and the WP show that the maximum vorticity and the vorticity RMSE of the NP decreased slower than other perturbations. Therefore, the weak environment of the col field favors the maintenance of vorticity and the formation of vortex. When a mesoscale vortex forms near the col point or moves toward the col point, it may maintain a quasitationary state in the stable col field.

A Numerical Study of Mesoscale Vortex Formation in the Midlatitudes:The Role of Moist Processes

In this study, a three-dimensional mesoscale model was used to numerically simulate the well-known "98.7" heavy rainfall event that affected the Yangtze Valley in July 1998. Two experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of moist processes on the development of meso-β scale vortices(MβV) and their triggering by mesoscale wind perturbation(MWP). In the experiment in which the latent heat feedback(LHF) scheme was switched off, a stable low-level col field(i.e., saddle field—a region between two lows and two highs in the isobaric surface) formed, and the MWP triggered a weak MβV. However, when the LHF scheme was switched on as the MWP was introduced into the model, the MβV developed quickly and intense rainfall and a mesoscale low-level jet(mLLJ) were generated. The thickness of the air column and average temperature between 400 and 700 hPa decreased without the feedback of latent heat, whereas they increased quickly when the LHF scheme was switched on, with the air pressure falling at low levels but rising at upper levels. A schematic representation of the positive feedbacks among the mesoscale vortex, rainfall, and mLLJ shows that in the initial stage of the MβV, the MWP triggers light rainfall and the latent heat occurs at low levels, which leads to weak convergence and ageostrophic winds. In the mature stage of the MβV, convection extends to the middle-to-upper levels, resulting in an increase in the average temperature and a stretching of the air column. A low-level cyclonic circulation forms under the effect of Coriolis torque, and the m LLJ forms to the southeast of the MβV.

Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of an Eastward-offshore Mesoscale Vortex along the Meiyu-Baiu Front

The eastward-moving Meiyu-Baiu frontal mesoscale vortices (MBFMVs) appear frequently and often cause heavy rainfall events along their tracks. A move-off-shore MBFMV was selected to enhance our understanding of this type of vortex. Synoptic analyses indicate that the MBFMV is a type of meso-α vortex and mainly occurs in the lower troposphere. A short wave trough near the coastline is highly favorable for the formation, sustainment, and displacement of the MBFMV. Vorticity budgets indicate that at lower levels of the MBFMV, convergence is the dominant factor for the increase of positive vorticity, and at high levels of the MBFMV, the vertical transportation associated with convective activities is the most important factor. The hori-zontal transportation was the main factor decreasing the positive vorticity. The land and sea environments are crucial to the evolution of the MBFMV. The characteristics of the Meiyu-Baiu Front (MBF) are also vital to the variation of the vortex.

The Initial Mesoscale Vortexes Leading to the Formation of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific

A statistical analysis of the initial vortexes leading to tropical cyclone(TC)formation in the western North Pacific(WNP)is conducted with the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data from 1999 to 2018.It is found that TCs in the WNP basically originate from three kinds of vortexes,i.e.,a mid-level vortex(MV),a low-level vortex(LV),and a relatively deep vortex with notable vorticity in both the lower and middle troposphere(DV).Among them,LV and DV account for 47.9%and 24.2%of tropical cyclogenesis events,respectively,while only 27.9%of TCs develop from the MV,which is much lower than that which occurs in the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific.Such a difference might be ascribed to the active monsoon systems in the WNP all year round.Due to the nearly upright structure of mid-level convergence in the early pre-genesis stage,TC genesis efficiency is the highest in DV.Compared with MV,LV generally takes a shorter time to intensify to a TC because of the higher humidity and the stronger low-level cyclonic circulation,which is related to air-sea interaction and boundary-layer convergence.Further examination of the relationship between tropical cyclogenesis and large-scale flow patterns indicate that the TC genesis events associated with LV are primarily related to the monsoon shear line,monsoon confluence region,and monsoon gyre,while those associated with MV are frequently connected with easterly waves and wave energy dispersion of preexisting TC.Compared with other flow patterns,tropical cyclones usually form and intensify faster in the monsoon confluence region.

一次飑线内MVs和后向入流对地面大风形成影响的模拟研究

通过实况资料以及WRF模式对广西地区的一次飑线过程进行数值模拟,根据模拟结果对飑线内中尺度涡旋MVs(Mesoscale Vortices,MVs)和后向入流与地面大风的成因关系进行了分析。通过涡度收支和涡线分析得出,弓状回波中存在东西涡旋对,其生成主要是散度项造成,中间相对弱的反气旋涡旋是涡线拱起产生的水平涡度向垂直涡度转换引起。通过计算正负涡旋对引起的旋转风从而量化了涡旋对对地面大风的贡献。结果发现,本次过程中涡旋对引起的旋转风在地面大风中占有较大比重,约40%~50%。当去除涡旋对引起的旋转风时,地面大风的强度减弱,位置偏移。由三维流线可以看出后向入流的下沉是产生地面大风的另一个影响因子。通过对浮力加速度和动力加速度进行诊断发现,后向入流的下沉主要是由于负的浮力加速度引起,水平方向的密度不均匀是负浮力加速度产生的主要因子,但在风速突然加强时,动力加速度也有明显的影响。

Analysis of a Group of Weak Small-Scale Vortexes in the Planetary Boundary Layer in the Mei-yu Front

A mei-yu front process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River on 23 June 1999 was simulated by using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR （PSU/NCAR） Mesoscale Model （MM5） with FDDA （Four Dimension Data Assimilation）. The analysis shows that seven weak small mesoscale vortexes of tens of kilometers, correspondent to surface low trough or mesoscale centers, in the planetary boundary layer （PBL） in the mei-yu front were heavily responsible for the heavy rainfall. Sometimes, several weak small-scale vortexes in the PBL could form a vortex group, some of which would weaken locally, and some would develop to be a meso-α-scale low vortex through combination. The initial dynamical triggering mechanism was related to two strong currents： one was the northeast flow in the PBL at the rear of the mei-yu front, the vortexes occurred exactly at the side of the northeast flow; and the other was the strong southwest low-level jet （LLJ） in front of the Mei-yu front, which moved to the upper of the vortexes. Consequently, there were notable horizontal and vertical wind shears to form positive vorticity in the center of the southwest LLJ. The development of mesoscale convergence in the PBL and divergence above, as well as the vertical positive vorticity column, were related to the small wind column above the nose-shaped velocity contours of the northeast flow embedding southwestward in the PBL, which intensified the horizontal wind shear and the positive vorticity column above the vortexes, baroclinicity and instability.

Sensitivity Experiments of an Eastward-Moving Southwest Vortex to Initial Perturbations

Whether the initial conditions contain pronounced mesoscale signals is important to the simulation of the southwest vortex. An eastward-moving southwest vortex is simulated using the PSU/NCAR MM5. A modest degree of success is achieved, but the most serious failure is that the formation and displacement of the simulated vortex in its early phase are about fourteen hours later than the observed vortex. Considering the relatively sparse data on the mesoscale vortex and in an attempt to understand the cause of the forecast failure, an adjoint model is used to examine the sensitivity of the southwest vortex to perturbations of initial conditions. The adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of model variables at the initial time in the model domain can influence the vortex. A large sensitivity for zonal wind is located under 400 hPa, a large sensitivity for meridional wind is located under 500 hPa, a large sensitivity for temperature is located between 500 and 900 hPa, and almost all of the large sensitivity areas are located in the southwestern area. Based on the adjoint sensitivity results, perturbations are added to initial conditions to improve the simulation of the southwest vortex. The results show that the initial conditions with perturbations can successfully simulate the formation and displacement of the vortex; the wind perturbations added to the initial conditions appear to be a cyclone circulation under the middle level of the atmosphere in the southwestern area with an anticyclone circulation to its southwest; a water vapor perturbation added to initial conditions can strengthen the vortex and the speed of its displacement.

A Study of Structure and Mechanism of a Meso-beta-scale Convective Vortex and Associated Heavy Rainfall in the Dabie Mountain Area Part I: Diagnostic Analysis of the Structure

An analysis was conducted on the evolutional process of a mesoscale convective vortex （MCV） and associated heavy rainfall in the Dabie Mountain area on 21-22 June 2008,as well as their structural characteristics in different stages,by using the mesoscale reanalysis data with 3 km and 1 h resolution generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System （LAPS） in the Southern China Heavy Rainfall Experiment.The results showed that the latent heat released by convection in the midtroposphere was the main energy source for the development of a low-level vortex.There was a positive feedback interaction between the convection and the vortex,and the evolution of the MCV was closely related to the strength of the positive interaction.The most typical characteristics of the thermal structure in different stages were that,there was a relatively thin diabatic heating layer in the midtroposphere in the formative stage;the thickness of diabatic heating layer significantly increased in the mature stage;and it almost disappeared in the decay stage.The characteristics of the dynamic structure were that,in the formative stage,there was no anticyclonic circulation at the high level;in the mature stage,an anticyclonic circulation with strong divergence was formed at the high level;in the decay stage,the anticyclonic circulation was damaged and the high-level atmosphere was in a disordered state of turbulence.Finally,the structural schematics of the MCV in the formative and mature stage were established respectively.

Initiation and Evolution of Long-Lived Eastward-Propagating Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Second-Step Terrain along Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley

Based on the previous statistical analysis of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)over the second-step terrain along Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley,eight representative long-lived eastward-propagating MCSs are selected for model-based sensitivity testing to investigate the initiation and evolution of these types of MCSs as well as their impact on downstream areas.We subject each MCS to a semi-idealized(CNTL)simulation and a sensitivity(NOLH)simulation that neglects condensational heating in the formation region.The CNTL experiment reveals convection forms in the region downstream of a shortwave trough typified by persistent southwesterly winds in the low-to midtroposphere.Upon merging with other convective systems,moist convection develops into an MCS,which propagates eastward under the influence of mid-tropospheric westerlies,and moves out of the second-step terrain.The MCS then merges with pre-existing local convection over the plains;the merged convection reinforces the cyclonic wind perturbation into a mesoscale vortex at 850 hPa.While this vortex moves eastward to regions with local vortex at 850 hPa,another vortex at 925 hPa is also intensified.Finally,the vortices at 850 and 925 hPa merge together and develop into a mesoscale convective vortex(MCV).In contrast,MCSs fail to form and move eastward in the NOLH experiment.In the absence of eastward-propagating MCSs,moist convection and mesoscale vortices still appear in the plains,but the vortex strength and precipitation intensity are significantly weakened.It is suggested the eastward-propagating MCSs over the second-step terrain significantly impact the development and enhancement of moist convection and vortices in the downstream areas.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE VORTICES IN EAST CHINA AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION

Data from high-resolution satellites were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of mesoscale convective vortices(MCVs) in central and east China and the western Pacific Ocean region. The monthly variation in MCVs was significant. From May to October, MCVs were clearly affected by large-scale environmental conditions,including the South Asian summer monsoon, subtropical high and solar radiation, which resulted in clear changes in MCV spatial distributions from strengthening and weakening processes. Based on the analysis of diurnal MCV variations and the precipitation rate from May to October, MCVs were found to occur more frequently over the ocean than over land. MCVs near the Sea of Japan and northern South China Sea occurred during all types of weather. Ocean occurrences near land, such as the Ryukyu Islands, were categorized as morning-active MCVs. The hilly regions of southeastern China and North China Plain were characterized by afternoon-active MCVs. Limited to topography and the urban heat island effect, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area had evening-active MCVs, while Changbai Mountain had nocturnal MCVs.

华北局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统发生发展对比分析

利用常规地面高空观测、多普勒雷达、风廓线、VDRAS(Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System)和NCEP再分析资料,对2018年8月5—6日副热带高压(以下简称副高)控制下华北一次局地大暴雨过程中多个β中尺度对流系统触发和发展机制进行了分析。结果表明:这次大暴雨发生在副高控制下,处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定。暴雨由多个相继发展的中尺度对流系统造成,分别是太行山迎风坡上西南—东北向、华北平原地区保定一带南北向、保定至霸州附近西南—东北向和以雄安新区为中心东西向原地生消的准静止MCS-Ⅰ、MCS-Ⅱ、MCS-Ⅲ和MCS-Ⅳ,均属于β中尺度。在相似的环境中,不同中尺度对流系统触发机制有较大差异,太行山迎风坡上的MCS-Ⅰ是由近地层偏东暖湿气流在迎风坡与山风形成的辐合抬升触发;由辐射差异和前期强降水形成的局地冷池受MCS-Ⅰ影响再次加强后,其出流与环境风形成的两条地面辐合线分别触发了MCS-Ⅱ和MCS-Ⅲ,并组织对流沿辐合线呈带状发展;而超低空偏东风增强叠加冷池出流在地形抬升作用下促使沿山暖湿气团进一步抬升,使得原本消亡的MCS-Ⅰ再次重建。MCS-Ⅳ发展最旺盛、持续时间最长,是大暴雨中心的直接制造者,一方面MCS-Ⅱ与MCS-Ⅲ、MCS-Ⅰ与MCS-Ⅳ的两次合并过程,是MCS-Ⅳ增强、持久的重要原因;另一方面边界层偏东风急流为MCS-Ⅳ的发展提供了水汽和不稳定能量等有利条件,同时推动其左前方中尺度涡旋的发展,导致MCS-Ⅳ所在地的气旋性涡度大大增加,加强了以急流轴为中心的垂直次级环流发展,造成MCS-Ⅳ的发展维持,形成华北平原地区以雄安新区为中心的东西向大暴雨带。

黄土高原一次疑似龙卷天气的中尺度特征

利用高空、地面常规观测资料、分钟级加密自动气象站资料和榆林多普勒雷达资料,对2013年8月4日傍晚发生在榆林市的一次超级单体风暴天气进行中尺度分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程疑似一次超级单体龙卷天气过程;(2)从环流背景来看,榆林市上空中层强干冷平流配合低层切变线、西南急流,高层干冷、低层暖湿特征明显;从环境条件来看,强风暴发生前和发生期间,能量、抬升凝结高度、风切变满足龙卷发生所需的热力不稳定、垂直风切变条件;(3)雷达钩状回波结构清晰,并伴有强中气旋,>60 dBZ的回波和正负速度对已接地,呈现龙卷发生时的回波特征;(4)强风暴发生前后,由北向南经过榆林地区有多个龙卷涡旋TVS产品被识别;(5)气象要素场变化剧烈,地面气压明显降低,风速出现极值增强,风向发生突变,与龙卷发生期间风场观测特征基本一致,表明该区域出现龙卷的可能性较大。

2021年7月20—22日豫北地区暴雨过程中尺度低涡和垂直运动发展的位涡动力学诊断

2021年7月17—23日,河南省发生了一次大范围的强降水过程(简称河南“21.7”特大暴雨)。20—22日暴雨中心移至豫北地区,在太行山东侧新乡、鹤壁等地引发了洪涝灾害。基于自动雨量站观测和ERA5再分析数据,利用位涡倾向方程和垂直运动分解方法,对河南“21.7”特大暴雨事件中豫北地区暴雨过程中中尺度低涡及垂直运动发展的热动力学机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明:豫北地区强降水凝结潜热引起的大气非绝热加热,因其垂直分布在低空随高度上升而制造位涡,使得低层大气位涡增强,表明中尺度低涡发展;另外,加深的中尺度低涡又使得等熵面进一步下凹、倾斜坡度增大,从而增强大尺度东南暖湿气流向豫北地区的辐合与抬升,特别是沿等熵面上滑的上升运动分量和与凝结潜热有关的上升运动分量,导致降水进一步加强。由此,中尺度低涡、垂直运动和强降水发展之间形成一定的正反馈,在豫北造成持续性暴雨过程。

昆仑山北坡“6·14”极端暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征分析

在全球变暖的背景下,昆仑山北坡极端暴雨频发且影响巨大,由于对其的观测和研究相对匮乏,使得该区域暴雨监测和预报难度大。理解其发生机理和关键影响系统是提高其监测预报的有效途径,对该区域防灾减灾意义重大。利用高时空分辨率的气象观测资料、GPS/Met大气可降水量(PWV)资料、风云卫星资料(FY-2H)和ERA5再分析资料,对2021年6月14—17日昆仑山北坡一次极端暴雨过程进行大尺度环流背景场和中尺度对流系统特征分析。结果表明:(1)此次暴雨过程,暴雨站数多、累积降水量大、局地性强并且极端性强,在和田地区出现3个极端暴雨中心,分别发生了短时强降水和连续性降水。其中短时强降水过程持续时间短,最大小时雨强达29.4 mm;连续性降水持续时间达3 d,小时雨强小于5 mm。本次极端暴雨发生的有利环流背景是双体型南亚高压在对流层高层维持,中亚低涡形成发展。在高低空急流共同作用下,高层强辐散、低层辐合促进大气垂直运动发展,500 hPa偏南气流、700 hPa切变线以及850 hPa偏东气流相互配合为暴雨提供有利动力配置。(2)对流层中层以西南路径和西南+南方路径水汽输送为主,低层主要以低空偏东急流携带水汽输送为主,中低层水汽输送路径形成耦合,促进本次极端暴雨的发展加强。极端暴雨发生前持续的水汽输送和强的水汽通量辐合中心,使得暴雨区大气可降水量(PWV)在降水前出现显著增湿聚集过程,PWV达30 mm。(3)列车效应型+合并加强型中尺度对流云团不断在暴雨站点上空生成发展并移过,是触发短时强降水的直接影响系统,站点位于对流云团黑体亮温(TBB)梯度最大处。中-β和中-α尺度对流云团发展维持以及涡旋状中尺度对流云带的持续覆盖,是导致暴雨站点发生连续性降水的关键系统。

一次华北极端降雪天气过程的中尺度涡旋特征

利用ERA5逐小时再分析数据和实况观测资料,对2020年2月13—14日华北极端雨雪天气过程中的中尺度涡旋进行特征分析,并采用相对涡度的环流积分变化方程对中尺度涡旋的发展机制进行诊断。结果表明:中尺度涡旋活动区域(简称涡旋区)的平均涡度垂直廓线呈“S”型分布,正负涡度极值分别位于800 hPa及400 hPa。涡旋区内800 hPa正涡度强度与上升运动大值区一致。900~700 hPa平均涡度强度与平原地区降水强度同相位变化,涡旋强度的峰值较降水强度峰值早约2 h,二者相关系数为0.76,说明低层涡度强度对降雪预报具有指示性。从涡旋发展的动力机制来看,涡旋区800 hPa以下正涡度主要源自水平风辐合;800~700 hPa上升运动与风随高度顺转对涡度的贡献更大。对比无中尺度涡旋的降雪过程(2019年2月14日),涡旋区内垂直方向涡度无“S”型结构,且中低层涡度较弱,北京降雪量明显偏小。涡旋区是否存在中尺度涡旋发展,对北京冬季降雪量级和极端性的预报有指示意义。

东北冷涡背景下弓形回波导致的雷暴大风成因分析

2022年6月25日傍晚辽宁省出现以雷暴大风为主的强对流天气,全省82个区域自动气象站出现8级以上雷暴大风,其中辽宁省北部的沈阳市马三家站阵风达13级(39.1 m·s^(-1)),致灾严重。利用2022年6月25日17∶00—22∶00(北京时)辽宁省1668个区域自动气象站分钟级观测资料及常规探空、双偏振雷达、ERA5再分析等资料,对此次雷暴大风天气成因进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)此次过程发生在东北冷涡背景下,辽宁处于冷涡西南象限,有利于冷涡西侧干冷空气与低层暖湿空气交汇。(2)沈阳探空曲线呈低层暖干、中低层暖湿、中高层干冷的“X”型特征,且具有较强的垂直风切变,利于雷暴大风天气发生。(3)此次过程雷达回波发展演变与经典弓形回波演变模型一致,初期孤立风暴导致局地大风,之后多单体风暴逐渐合并为弓形回波。在负浮力、动量下传和冷池密度流等共同作用下,沈阳城区出现大范围雷暴大风。(4)弓形回波前沿存在浅薄的低空γ中尺度涡旋,低空涡旋旋转在近地面形成扰动低压导致下沉气流加强,涡旋与后侧入流急流共同作用导致雷暴大风出现。

西行低涡特征及其对“21.7”河南暴雨影响分析

2021年7月河南出现极端暴雨,黄淮地区存在一个自东向西移动的低涡,是降水过程发展增强的主要影响系统。针对低涡的研究主要集中于自西向东的移动路径,很少考虑西行低涡的机制及特征。利用地面常规气象资料、区域气象站及雷达等非常规观测资料、ERA5再分析资料,对“21.7”暴雨的大气环流形势、西行低涡移动路径、各层系统配置及低涡西行原因进行特征分析,并从水汽、热力、动力及对流触发等方面分析西行低涡对“21.7”暴雨的影响,结果表明:(1)“21.7”河南暴雨期间大气环流形势稳定,黄淮地区为典型的“鞍型场”,西行低涡移动路径为先向西南后向西北。(2)西行低涡各层系统配置复杂,低涡东侧副高及台风“烟花”西进使低涡附近偏东急流加强,低涡自东向西移动。(3)西行低涡水汽条件充沛、动力条件旺盛、热力条件充足,低涡与低层切变线、地面辐合线共同作用,使对流触发条件增强。

喷气涡流纺汉麻混纺纱及面料的生产

为了开发色织大提花喷气涡流纺细号高混比汉麻纱及其面料,详细分析以渗透剂改善纤维回潮率,以氧化剂降低木质素含量,提升汉麻纤维可纺性及舒适性的原理及方法;以多组分混纺、使用特殊油剂,提升涡流纺纱线柔软度以及纱线强力的具体工艺;在纱线表面被覆柔软剂增加经纱柔韧性,在开口区给湿增加经向股线韧性来提升汉麻混纺纱可织性的方法。通过测试汉麻混纺纱的成纱质量和面料质量,表明:选取15%平平加O渗透剂和0.05 L/kg~0.50 L/kg的臭氧用量对汉麻纤维进行养生处理,使用白油作为润滑剂、二甲基硅油作为防粘剂,纺制的汉麻30/粘胶30/棉40 MVS 14.7 tex混纺纱可批量生产且质量稳定;采用MVS 14.7 tex混纺纱合股、在织机开口区给湿结合经纱柔软剂被覆处理技术后,该汉麻混纺纱面料织造效率高、抗菌性优良;今后应进一步加大细号高混比汉麻混纺纱工艺研究,完善织口加湿技术。