Association between physical activity and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).In response to the conflicting results in previous studies,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this association.Methods:Relevant studies published until January 2023 were retrieved from 6 databases,and the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux(GER)or GERD was determined from the original studies.A random effects model was employed to meta-analyze the association by computing the pooled relative risk(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Furthermore,subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between cumulative physical activity(PA)time and GERD.Results:This meta-analysis included 33 studies comprising 242,850 participants.A significant negative association was observed between PA and the prevalence of symptomatic GER(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.66-0.83;p<0.01)or GERD(RR=0.80,95%CI:0.76-0.84;p<0.01),suggesting that engaging in PA might confer a protective benefit against GERD.Subgroup analyses consistently indicated the presence of this association across nearly all subgroups,particularly among the older individuals(RR_(<40 years):RR_(≥40 years)=0.85:0.69,p<0.01)and smokers(RR_(smoker):RR_(non-smoker)=0.67:0.82,p=0.03).Furthermore,a dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who engaged in 150 min of PA per week had a 72.09%lower risk of developing GERD.Conclusion:Maintaining high levels of PA decreased the risk of GERD,particularly among older adults and smokers.Meeting the recommended PA level of 150 min per week may significantly decrease the prevalence of GERD.

Comparing the efficacy and safety of low,medium,and high dosages of selexipag for treating pulmonary hypertension:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The maintenance dosage of selexipag is categorized as low,medium or high.In order to assess the efficacy and safety of different dosages of selexipag for the risk stratification of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH),we performed a sys-tematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:Studies assessing PAH risk stratification indices,such as the World Health Organization functional class(WHO-FC),six-minute walk distance(6MWD),N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level,right atrial pressure(RAP),cardiac index(CI)and mixed venous oxygen saturation(SvO2),were included.Results:Thirteen studies were included.Selexipag led to improvements in the 6MWD(MD:24.20 m,95%CI:10.74-37.67),NT-proBNP(SMD:-0.41,95%CI:-0.79-0.04),CI(MD:0.47 L/min/m^(2),95%CI:0.17-0.77)and WHO-FC(OR:0.564,95%CI:0.457-0.697).Subgroup analysis demonstrated that all three dosages improved the 6MWD.A moderate dosage led to improvements in the CI(MD:0.30 L/min/m^(2),95%CI:0.15-0.46)and WHO-FC(OR:0.589,95%CI:0.376-0.922).Within 6 months of treatment,only the WHO-FC and CI were significantly improved(OR:0.614,95%CI:0.380-0.993;MD:0.30 L/min/m^(2),95%CI:0.16-0.45,respectively).More than 6 months of treatment significantly improved the 6MWD,WHO-FC and NT-proBNP(MD:40.87 m,95%CI:10.97-70.77;OR:0.557,95%CI:0.440-0.705;SMD:-0.61,95%CI:-1.17-0.05,respectively).Conclusions:Low,medium,and high dosages of selexipag all exhibited good effects.When treatment lasted for more than 6 months,selexipag exerted obvious effects,even in the low-dosage group.This finding is important for guiding individualized treatments.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Computerized Bowel Sound Analysis with Non-Invasive Devices for Irritable Bowel Syndrome:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)with a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods We searched MEDLINE,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and IEEE Xplore databases until September 2023.Cross-sectional and case-control studies on diagnostic accuracy of bowel sound analysis for IBS were identified.We estimated the pooled sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likeli-hood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval(CI),and plotted a summary receiver operat-ing characteristic curve and evaluated the area under the curve.Results Four studies were included.The pooled diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,nega-tive likelihood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.94(95%CI,0.87‒0.97),0.89(95%CI,0.81‒0.94),8.43(95%CI,4.81‒14.78),0.07(95%CI,0.03‒0.15),and 118.86(95%CI,44.18‒319.75),respectively,with an area under the curve of 0.97(95%CI,0.95‒0.98).Conclusions Computerized bowel sound analysis is a promising tool for IBS.However,limited high-quality data make the results'validity and applicability questionable.There is a need for more diagnostic test accuracy studies and better wearable devices for monitoring and analysis of IBS.

Modified Xiaoyao powder for postpartum depression:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of modified Xiaoyao powder for postpartum depression(PPD)by conducting a systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Methods:The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,Google Scholar,the SinoMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and PubMed databases were searched from their inception to April 25,2023.The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials.We applied the risk ratio to present dichotomous data and the mean difference to present continuous data.Data with similar characteristics were pooled for meta-analysis and heterogeneity was assessed using I2.Results:This review included 35 trials involving 2848 participants.The quality of the included studies was low(unclear randomization processes and insufficient reporting of blinding).Participants treated with modified Xiaoyao powder plus Western medicine showed lower Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)depression score than those who used Western medicine alone(mean difference=-2.15;95%confidence interval:-2.52 to 1.78;P<.00001),and higher effective rate(relative risk=1.19;95%confidence interval:1.15 to 1.24;P<.00001),When comparing modified Xiaoyao alone with Western medicine,the HAMD depression score remained low,however,the efficacy rate was higher in the modified Xiaoyao group.Regarding adverse events,the modified Xiaoyao group reported weight gain,nausea,and diarrhea,but no severe adverse events were reported.Conclusion:Modified Xiaoyao may help relieve depression in PPD when used alone or in combination with Western medicine,with minor side effects.Therefore,future high-quality,large-sample size RCTs are warranted.

Impact of D-dimer on in-hospital mortality following aortic dissection:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The utility of D-dimer(DD)as a biomarker for acute aortic dissection(AD)is recognized.Yet,its predictive value for in-hospital mortality remains uncertain and subject to conflicting evidence.AIM To conduct a meta-analysis of AD-related in-hospital mortality(ADIM)with elevated DD levels.METHODS We searched PubMed,Scopus,Embase,and Google Scholar for AD and ADIM literature through May 2022.Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and effect size(hazard or odds ratio)analysis with random-effects models.Sample size,study type,and patients’mean age were used for subgroup analysis.The significance threshold was P<0.05.RESULTS Thirteen studies(3628 patients)were included in our study.The pooled prevalence of ADIM was 20%(95%CI:15%-25%).Despite comparable demographic characteristics and comorbidities,elevated DD values were associated with higher ADIM risk(unadjusted effect size:1.94,95%CI:1.34-2.8;adjusted effect size:1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P<0.01).Studies involving patients with a mean age of<60 years exhibited an increased mortality risk(effect size:1.43,95%CI:1.23-1.67,P<0.01),whereas no significant difference was observed in studies with a mean age>60 years.Prospective and larger sample size studies(n>250)demonstrated a heightened likelihood of ADIM associated with elevated DD levels(effect size:2.57,95%CI:1.30-5.08,P<0.01 vs effect size:1.05,95%CI:1.00-1.11,P=0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows elevated DD increases in-hospital mortality risk in AD patients,highlighting the need for larger,prospective studies to improve risk prediction models.

Feasibility of acupuncture as an adjunct intervention for ovulatory disorder infertility:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Acupuncture(AT)is widely used in treatment of ovulatory disorder infertility(ODI),but the safety and efficacy of AT for ODI still lack an evidence-based basis.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of AT as an adjunct intervention for ODI.METHODS The Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,VIP,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,and Chinese biomedical literature databases were searched from inception to January 20,2024.Two reviewers independently selected studies,collected data,and evaluated methodological quality through the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Revman 5.4 was used for meta-analysis,and the Grade system was performed to evaluate the level of evidence for the outcomes of the meta-analysis.RESULTS A total of 20 randomized controlled trials with 1677 ODI patients were included.Compared with the clomiphene citrate(CC)group,the AT plus CC group exhibited significant improvement of the pregnancy rate[relative risk(RR)=1.68,95%confidence interval(CI):1.45-1.95,P<0.00001,I^(2)=23%],ovulation rate(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.22-1.47,P<0.00001,I^(2)=32%),serum E2 level[mean difference(MD)=31.36,95%CI:21.83-40.88,P<0.00001,I^(2)=97%],thickness of endometrium(MD=1.76,95%CI:0.71-2.81,P=0.001,I^(2)=98%)and decreasing miscarriage rate(RR=0.25,95%CI:0.09-0.65,P=0.005,I^(2)=0%),serum follicle-stimulating hormone level(MD=-2.10,95%CI:-3.27 to-0.94,P=0.0004,I^(2)=99%),serum luteinizing hormone level(MD=-6.94,95%CI:-9.89 to-4.00,P<0.00001,I^(2)=100%),and serum progesterone level(MD=-1.66,95%CI:-2.98 to-0.34,P=0.01,I^(2)=96%).The AT group had a more favorable effect than CC group for improving pregnancy rate(RR=1.52,95%CI:1.33-1.73,P<0.00001,I^(2)=0%),thickness of endometrium(MD=2.48,95%CI:2.15-2.81,P<0.00001,I^(2)=0%)and reducing miscarriage rate(RR=0.23,95%CI:0.13-0.44,P<0.00001,I^(2)=0%),serum follicle-stimulating hormone level(MD=-0.55,95%CI:-0.86 to-0.24,P=0.0005,I^(2)=0%),and serum progesterone level(MD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.28 to-0.20,P<0.00001).However,the level of evidence was predominantly assessed as very low to moderate.CONCLUSION AT can improve the pregnancy outcomes and sex hormone levels for patients with ODI.However,further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Association of complement components with risk of colorectal cancer:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Complement components could contribute to the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune response.Nevertheless,their role in colorectal cancer(CRC)remains a contentious subject.AIM To elucidate the relationship between complement components and CRC risk and clinical characteristics.METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed,the Cochrane Library,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database until June 1,2023.We included cohort studies encompassing participants aged≥18 years,investigating the association between complement components and CRC.The studies were of moderate quality or above,as determined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.The meta-analysis employed fixed-effects or random-effects models based on the I^(2)test,utilizing risk ratio(RR)and their corresponding 95%confidence interval(CI)for outcomes.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the collective estimates and identify the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Data from 15 studies,comprising 1631 participants that met the inclusion criteria,were included in the meta-analysis.Our findings indicated that protein levels of cluster of differentiation 46(CD46)(RR=3.66,95%CI:1.75-7.64,P<0.001),CD59(RR=2.86,95%CI:1.36-6.01,P=0.005),and component 1(C1)(RR=5.88,95%CI:1.75-19.73,P=0.004)and serum levels of C3(standardized mean difference=1.82,95%CI:0.06-3.58,P=0.040)were significantly elevated in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls.Strong expression of CD55 or CD59 was associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis,whereas strong CD46 expression correlated with a higher incidence of tumor differentiation compared to low CD46 expression(P<0.05 for all).Although specific pooled results demonstrated notable heterogeneity,subgroup analyses pointed to regional differences as the primary source of inconsistency among the studies.CONCLUSION Our analysis underscores that increased levels of specific complement components are associated with a heightened risk of CRC,emphasizing the potential significance of monitoring elevated complement component levels.

Sorafenib plus transarterial chemoembolization vs sorafenib alone for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Although the past decade has seen remarkable advances in treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the dismal overall prognosis still envelops HCC patients.Several comparative trials have been conducted to study whether transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)could improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving sorafenib for advanced HCC;however,the findings have been inconsistent.AIM To study the potential synergies and safety of sorafenib plus TACE vs sorafenib alone for treating advanced HCC,by performing a systematic review and metaanalysis.METHODS This study was conducted following the PRISMA statement.A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,and Web of Science databases.Data included in the present work were collected from patients diagnosed with advanced HCC receiving sorafenib plus TACE or sorafenib alone.Data synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using Review Manager software.RESULTS The present study included 2780 patients from five comparative clinical trials(1 was randomized control trial and 4 were retrospective studies).It was found that patients receiving sorafenib plus TACE had better prognoses in terms of overall survival(OS),with a combined hazard ratio(HR)of 0.65[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.46–0.93,P=0.02,n=2780].Consistently,progression free survival(PFS)and time to progression(TTP)differed significantly between the sorafenib plus TACE arm and sorafenib arm(PFS:HR=0.62,95%CI:0.40–0.96,P=0.03,n=443;TTP:HR=0.73,95%CI:0.64-0.83,P<0.00001,n=2451).Disease control rate(DCR)was also significantly increased by combination therapy(risk ratio=1.36,95%CI:1.02-1.81,P=0.04,n=641).Regarding safety,the incidence of any adverse event(AE)was increased due to the addition of TACE;however,no significant difference was found in grade≥3 AEs.CONCLUSION The combination of sorafenib with TACE has superior efficacy to sorafenib monotherapy,as evidenced by prolonged OS,PFS,and TTP,as well as increased DCR.Additional high-quality trials are essential to further validate the clinical benefit of this combination in the treatment of advanced HCC.

Systematic review and network meta-analysis of different nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BACKGROUND Various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)have been used for juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA).However,the optimal method for JIA has not yet been developed.AIM To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the optimal instructions.METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from PubMed,EMBASE,Google Scholar,CNKI,and Wanfang without restriction for publication date or language at August,2023.Any RCTs that comparing the effectiveness of NSAIDs with each other or placebo for JIA were included in this network meta-analysis.The surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)analysis was used to rank the treatments.P value less than 0.05 was identified as statistically significant.RESULTS We included 8 RCTs(1127 patients)comparing 8 different instructions including meloxicam(0.125 qd and 0.250 qd),Celecoxib(3 mg/kg bid and 6 mg/kg bid),piroxicam,Naproxen(5.0 mg/kg/d,7.5 mg/kg/d and 12.5 mg/kg/d),inuprofen(30-40 mg/kg/d),Aspirin(60-80 mg/kg/d,75 mg/kg/d,and 55 mg/kg/d),Tolmetin(15 mg/kg/d),Rofecoxib,and placebo.There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding ACR Pedi 30 response.The SUCRA shows that celecoxib(6 mg/kg bid)ranked first(SUCRA,88.9%),rofecoxib ranked second(SUCRA,68.1%),Celecoxib(3 mg/kg bid)ranked third(SUCRA,51.0%).There were no significant differences between any two NSAIDs regarding adverse events.The SUCRA shows that placebo ranked first(SUCRA,88.2%),piroxicam ranked second(SUCRA,60.5%),rofecoxib(0.6 mg/kg qd)ranked third(SUCRA,56.1%),meloxicam(0.125 mg/kg qd)ranked fourth(SUCRA,56.1%),and rofecoxib(0.3 mg/kg qd)ranked fifth(SUCRA,56.1%).CONCLUSION In summary,celecoxib(6 mg/kg bid)was found to be the most effective NSAID for treating JIA.Rofecoxib,piroxicam,and meloxicam may be safer options,but further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger trials with higher quality studies.

Efficacy evaluation of standardized Rheum rhaponticum root extract(ERr 731®)on symptoms of menopause:A systematic review and meta-analysis study

Menopause is characterized by various physical,mental and emotional symptoms.ERr 731®is a standardized extract from Rheum rhaponticum root and has been clinically studied for its role in reducing menopausal symptoms.The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ERr 731®supplementation in alleviating the severity of menopausal symptoms.In this review,we searched across three online databases up to March 2023,evaluated the quality of the included studies by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale,and assessed the risk of bias by the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.We then performed a metaanalysis using RevMan software to estimate the pooled mean difference(MD).The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(CRD42023416808).After screening and evaluation,we included four high-quality studies(a total of 390 participants;the ERr 731®group:193 participants;the control group:197 participants)in the meta-analysis.The results showed that ERr 731®supplementation significantly reduced the Menopause Rating Scale score(MD:–15.12;P<0.001),compared with control therapy.Sensitivity analysis revealed no effect of individual studies on the overall pooled estimate or overall observed heterogeneity.The current review provides evidence that ERr 731®supplementation is effective in reducing menopause symptoms.Potential bias and high heterogeneity in the results warrant further clinical studies.

Predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for neoadjuvant therapy response in triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels and the res-ponse to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the predictive potential of TIL levels for the response to NAT in TNBC patients.METHODS A systematic search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database was performed to collect relevant published literature prior to August 31,2023.The correlation between TIL levels and the NAT pathologic com-plete response(pCR)in TNBC patients was assessed using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Subgroup analysis,sensitivity analysis,and publication bias analysis were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included in this meta-analysis.The overall meta-ana-lysis results indicated that the pCR rate after NAT treatment in TNBC patients in the high TIL subgroup was significantly greater than that in patients in the low TIL subgroup(48.0%vs 27.7%)(risk ratio 2.01;95%confidence interval 1.77-2.29;P<0.001,I2=56%).Subgroup analysis revealed that the between-study hetero-geneity originated from differences in study design,TIL level cutoffs,and study populations.Publication bias could have existed in the included studies.The meta-analysis based on different NAT protocols revealed that all TNBC patients with high levels of TILs had a greater rate of pCR after NAT treatment in all protocols(all P≤0.01),and there was no significant between-protocol difference in the statistics among the different NAT protocols(P=0.29).Additionally,sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall results of the meta-analysis remained consistent when the included studies were individually excluded.CONCLUSION TILs can serve as a predictor of the response to NAT treatment in TNBC patients.TNBC patients with high levels of TILs exhibit a greater NAT pCR rate than those with low levels of TILs,and this predictive capability is con-sistent across different NAT regimens.

Efficacy and safety of Yangxinshi tablet for chronic heart failure:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The specific benefits of Yangxinshi tablet(YXST)in the treating chronic heart failure(CHF)remain uncertain.AIM To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of YXST in the treatment of CHF.METHODS Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating YXST for CHF treatment were retrieved from eight public databases up to November 2023.Meta-analyses of the included clinical studies were conducted using Review Manager 5.3.RESULTS Twenty RCTs and 1845 patients were included.The meta-analysis results showed that the YXST combination group,compared to the conventional drug group,significantly increased the clinical efficacy rate by 23%[relative risk(RR)=1.23,95%CI:1.17-1.29],(P<0.00001),left ventricular ejection fraction by 6.69%[mean difference(MD)=6.69,95%CI:4.42-8.95,P<0.00001]and 6-min walk test by 49.82 m(MD=49.82,95%C:38.84-60.80,P<0.00001),and reduced N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide by 1.03 ng/L[standardized MD(SMD)=-1.03,95%CI:-1.32 to-0.74,P<0.00001],brain natriuretic peptide by 80.95 ng/L(MD=-80.95,95%CI:-143.31 to-18.59,P=0.01),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 3.92 mm(MD=-3.92,95%CI:-5.06 to-2.78,P<0.00001),and left ventricular endsystolic diameter by 4.34 mm(MD=-4.34,95%CI:-6.22 to-2.47,P<0.00001).Regarding safety,neither group reported any serious adverse events during treatment(RR=0.54,95%CI:0.15-1.90,P=0.33).In addition,Egger's test results indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.557).CONCLUSION YXST effectively improves clinical symptoms and cardiac function in patients with CHF while maintaining a favorable safety profile,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for CHF.

Clinical effect of operative vs nonoperative treatment on humeral shaft fractures:Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

BACKGROUND Whether operation is superior to non-operation for humeral shaft fracture remains debatable.We hypothesized that operation could decrease the nonunion and reintervention rates and increase the functional outcomes.AIM To compare the clinical efficacy between operative and nonoperative approaches for humeral shaft fractures.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane databases from 1990 to December 2023 for clinical trials and cohort studies comparing the effects of operative and conservative methods on humeral shaft fractures.Two investigators independently extracted data from the eligible studies,and the other two assessed the methodological quality of each study.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk bias or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.The nonunion,reintervention and the overall complications and functional scores were pooled and analyzed using Review Manager software(version 5.3).RESULTS A total of four randomized control trials and 13 cohort studies were included,with 1285 and 1346 patients in the operative and nonoperative groups,respectively.Patients in the operative group were treated with a plate or nail,whereas those in the conservative group were managed with splint or functional bracing.Four studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias,and the other 13 were of a low risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane risk bias tool.The operative group had a significantly decreased rate of nonunion[odds ratio(OR)0.30;95%CI:0.23 to 0.40,reintervention(OR:0.33;95%CI:0.24 to 0.47),and overall complications(OR:0.62;95%CI:0.49 to 0.78)].The pooled effect of the Disabilities of Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score showed a significant difference at 3[mean difference(MD)-8.26;95%CI:-13.60 to-2.92],6(MD:-6.72;95%CI:-11.34 to-2.10),and 12 months(MD:-2.55;95%CI:-4.36 to-0.74).The pooled effect of Visual Analog Scale scores and the Constant-Murley score did not significantly differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a trend of rapid functional recovery and decreased rates of nonunion and reintervention after operation for humeral shaft fracture compared to conservative treatment.

Carbocysteine as Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients without Underlying Chronic Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the existing evidence regarding the clinical benefits of carbocysteine as an adjunctive treatment in acute bronchopulmonary and otorhinological processes. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: An electronic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and the European Clinical Trial Register, with the search dated to May 2023. Bibliographic references from other literature reviews and meta-analyses were also reviewed. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials published in any language and year. It was completed by cross-checking the references of the located articles. Methods: Inclusion criteria covered studies assessing systemic or inhaled carbocysteine, regardless of dosing regimen. Concomitant medication use was acceptable if balanced between intervention and control groups. Authors independently extracted data, resolving disagreements through consensus. Methodological quality assessment relied on critical reading of each study. Dichotomous variables were analyzed using odds ratio (OR), and a final effect size was calculated. Statistical significance was established when confidence intervals did not cross the neutral value. Heterogeneity was assessed via the X2 test and I2 index. Results: Out of 318 initially identified studies, 4 met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis for poor general condition yielded an OR of 0.45 in favor of intervention, p = 0.013, with non-significant heterogeneity. Cough events showed a percentage of 15.8% for carbocysteine vs. 27.2% for placebo. On the seventh day, expectoration rates were 18.37% for carbocysteinevs 33.3% for placebo. Conclusions: The observed clinical benefits align with carbocysteine’s mucoactive and muco-regulatory properties, complemented by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Carbocysteine stands out among mucolytic agents. In the context of persistent infectious diseases, the study emphasizes the need for further exploration of carbocysteine’s therapeutic potential as an adjunctive treatment for acute respiratory infections. These findings underscore its significance in the evolving landscape of respiratory healthcare.

Efficiency and safety of Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F for IgA nephropathy: an update systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy(IgAN)currently stands as the most prevalent primary chronic glomerular disease worldwide.The latest guidelines recommend the application of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors(RASi)in conjunction with corticosteroids for the treatment of IgAN patients exhibiting persistent proteinuria of≥1 g/d.However,numerous randomized controlled trials(RCTs)have revealed a heightened risk of adverse events associated with corticosteroid treatment.Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.(GTW),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),has been employed in the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)for an extensive period.Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of RCTs providing evidence supporting the effectiveness of GTW therapy in IgAN.Despite this,there remains a paucity of systematic reviews on the application of GTW therapy for IgAN.Consequently,this study undertakes a systematic review to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of GTW therapy,aiming to elucidate the role of GTW therapy in the treatment of IgAN.Methods:To collect relative information of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of GTW in the treatment of IgAN,we searched for theses and dissertations publicized before April 10,2023,in PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data knowledge service platform(Wanfang Data),Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),and Clinical Trial.The language limitation is English and Chinese.Independently,two reviewers performed literature screening,data extraction,and quality evaluation,and the meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan 5.4 and StataSE 15.0 software.Results:21 RCTs involving 1,405 Chinese patients were included.Compared to ACEI/ARB alone or in combination,GTW with RASi or alone reduced 24 h-Upro,ALB,Scr,GFR,BUN,CD4+,VEGF,ET-1,and improved clinical efficacy.However,no associations were found for TC,Ccr,and adverse events due to limited literature.Conclusion:This study highlights that Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.(GTW)exhibits potential in safeguarding renal function and preserving the integrity of the basement membrane in patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy(IgAN).Consequently,GTW emerges as a promising therapeutic option for individuals with IgAN.Nevertheless,it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations stemming from insufficient methodology and a small sample size,which currently obscure the relationships between certain clinical variables,such as total cholesterol(TC)and creatinine clearance(Ccr).Therefore,the substantiation of our findings necessitates more rigorous and expansive trials to enhance the robustness and generalizability of the results.

Intervention effect of telemedicine on ischemic stroke:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Telemedicine refers to the use of information technology by medical institutions to directly provide diagnostic and therapeutic services to patients outside the healthcare facility.It encompasses various aspects such as remote diagnosis,remote monitoring,remote consultation,and remote outpatient services.Numerous articles have evaluated its role in controlling diseases like hypertension,diabetes,atrial fibrillation,and ischemic stroke.However,the existing literature exhibits varying quality and sample sizes,lacking robust convincing power and systematic effectiveness evaluation.Methods:Following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines,we identified articles on remote medical intervention in ischemic stroke through databases including Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Weipu,and Wanfang.The search spanned from the inception of the databases to June 30,2022.Two researchers independently assessed literature quality,extracted data,and conducted meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Ten articles,involving 5092 patients,were included.Meta-analysis results indicate that telemedicine can effectively enhance compliance with doctors’advice in ischemic stroke patients.Telemedicine is also associated with reduced stroke recurrence,moderate to severe disability,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,and Modified Rankin Scale scores.Additionally,telemedicine demonstrates effectiveness in improving Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment and the Barthel Index of activity of daily living in ischemic stroke patients.However,telemedicine does not significantly reduce stroke hospitalization in the past year and the death rate.Conclusion:In comparison to traditional healthcare,telemedicine exhibits advantages in improving compliance and enhancing functionality in ischemic stroke patients.It is worth promoting telemedicine for better management of ischemic stroke patients.However,this study does not explain how telemedicine improves the functionality of ischemic stroke patients,indicating a need for further research.

Genetic Variations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Field Synopsis,Systematic Meta-Analysis,and Epidemiological Evidence

Objective To systematically summarize the published literature on the genetic variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Literature from Web of Science,PubMed,and Embase between January 1980 and September 2022 was systematically searched.Meta-analyses of the genetic variants were conducted using at least five data sources.The epidemiologic credibility of the significant associations was graded using the Venice criteria.Results Based on literature screening,399 eligible studies were included,comprising 381 candidate gene association,16 genome-wide association,and 2 whole-exome sequencing studies.We identified 465 genetic variants in 173 genes in candidate gene association studies,and 25 genetic variants in 17 genes were included in the meta-analysis.The meta-analysis identified 11 variants in 10 genes that were significantly associated with NAFLD,with cumulative epidemiological evidence of an association graded as strong for two variants in two genes(HFE,TNF),moderate for four variants in three genes(TM6SF2,GCKR,and ADIPOQ),and weak for five variants in five genes(MBOAT7,PEMT,PNPLA3,LEPR,and MTHFR).Conclusion This study identified six variants in five genes that had moderate to strong evidence of an association with NAFLD,which may help understand the genetic architecture of NAFLD risk.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder in developed countries and reduces patients’quality of life,hinders their ability to work,and increases health care costs.A growing number of trials have demonstrated an aberrant gut microbiota composition in IBS,also known as‘gut dysbiosis’.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has been suggested as a treatment for IBS.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of FMT for the treatment of IBS.METHODS We searched Cochrane Central,MEDLINE,EMBASE and Web of Science up to 24 October 2022 for randomised controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effectiveness of FMT compared to placebo(including autologous FMT)in treating IBS.The primary outcome was the number of patients with improvements of symptoms measured using a validated,global IBS symptoms score.Secondary outcomes were changes in quality-of-life scores,non-serious and serious adverse events.Risk ratios(RR)and corresponding 95%CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes,as were the mean differences(MD)and 95%CI for continuous outcomes.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the trials.GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence.RESULTS Eight RCTs(484 participants)were included in the review.FMT resulted in no significant benefit in IBS symptoms three months after treatment compared to placebo(RR 1.19,95%CI:0.68-2.10).Adverse events were reported in 97 participants in the FMT group and in 45 participants in the placebo group(RR 1.17,95%CI:0.63-2.15).One serious adverse event occurred in the FMT group and two in the placebo group(RR 0.42,95%CI:0.07-2.60).Endoscopic FMT delivery resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms,while capsules did not.FMT did not improve the quality of life of IBS patients but,instead,appeared to reduce it,albeit non significantly(MD-6.30,95%CI:-13.39-0.79).The overall quality of the evidence was low due to moderate-high inconsistency,the small number of patients in the studies,and imprecision.CONCLUSION We found insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of FMT for IBS.Larger trials are needed.

The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke(SHS) and 23 diseases,categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.Methods We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors(Chinese population), Exposure(SHS),Outcomes(Disease or Death), and Study design(Case-control or Cohort).Results In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio(OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79(1.56–2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92(1.42–2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57(1.40–1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52(1.12–2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37(1.08–1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92(1.29–2.85), with a value of 2.29(1.26–4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76(1.13–2.74), with a value of 1.82(1.07–3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household;For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.Conclusion The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for diabetic retinopathy:A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently recognized as one of the most serious diabetic microangiopathies and a major cause of adult blindness.Commonly used clinical approaches include etiological control,microvascular improvement,and surgical intervention,but they are ineffective and have many side effects.Oral Chinese medicine(OCM)has been used for thousands of years to treat DR and is still widely used today,but it is unclear which OCM is more effective for DR.AIM To estimate relative effectiveness and safety profiles for different classes of OCMs for DR,and provide rankings of the available OCMs.METHODS The search time frame was from the creation of the database to January 2023.RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software were used to perform the systematic review and Network meta-analyses(NMA).RESULTS A total of 107 studies and 9710 patients were included,including 4767 cases in the test group and 4973 cases in the control group.Based on previous studies and clinical reports,and combined with the recommendations of Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of DR,9 OCMs were finally included in this study,namely Compound Xueshuantong Capsules,Qiming Granules,Compound Danshen Dripping Pills,Hexue Mingmu Tablets(HXMM),Qiju Dihuang Pills(QJDH),Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules(SDMM),Danggui Buxue Decoction(DGBX),Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and Buyang Huanwu Decoction.When these nine OCMs were analyzed in combination with conventional western medicine treatment(CT)compared with CT alone,the NMA results showed that HXMM+CT has better intervention effect on the overall efficacy of DR patients,HXMM+CT has better effect on improving patients'visual acuity,SDMM+CT has better effect on inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor,DGBX+CT has better effect on reducing fundus hemorrhage area,HXMM+CT has better effect on reducing fasting blood glucose,and QJDH+CT has better effect on reducing glycated hemoglobin.When there are not enough clinical indicators for reference,SDMM+CT or HXMM+CT treatments can be chosen because they are effective for more indicators and demonstrate multidimensional efficacy.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that combining OCMs with CT leads to better outcomes in all aspects of DR compared to using CT alone.Based on the findings,we highly recommend the use of SDMM or HXMM for the treatment of DR.These two OCMs have demonstrated outstanding efficacy across multiple indicators.