Thermal residual stresses and stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

The thermal residual stresses and the stress distributions of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composite under tensile and compressive loadings were studied using large strain axisymmetric elasto plastic finite element method. It is demonstrated that the thermal residual stresses can result in asymmetrical stress distributions and matrix plasticity. The thermal residual stresses decrease the stress transfer in tension and enhance the stress transfer in compression. The fiber volume fraction has more important effects on the thermal residual stresses and the stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings than the fiber aspect ratio and the fiber end distance. [

Effect of thermal residual stresses on yielding behavior under tensile or compressive loading of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composite

Using large strain two dimension axisymmetric elasto plastic finite element method and the modified law of mixture, the effects of thermal residual stresses on the yielding behavior of short fiber reinforced metal matrix composite and their dependencies on the material structure parameters (fiber volume fraction, fiber aspect ratio and fiber end distance) were studied. It is demonstrated that the stress strain partition parameter can be used to describe the stress transfer from the matrix to the fiber. The variation of the second derivation of the stress strain partition parameter can be used to determine the elastic modulus, the proportion limit, the initial and final yield strengths. In the presence of thermal residual stress, these yielding properties are asymmetric and are influenced differently by the material structure parameters under tensile and compressive loadings.

An Application of the Modified Shear Lag Model to Study the Influence of Thermal Residual Stresses on the Stiffness and Yield Strength of Short Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

The modified shear lag model proposed recently was applied to calculate thermal residual stresses and subsequent stress distributions under tensile and compressive loadings. The expressions for the elastic moduli and the yield strengths under tensile and compressive loadings were derived which take account of thermal residual stresses. The asymmetries in the elastic modulus and the yield strength were interpreted using the derived expressions and the obtained results of the stress calculations. The model predictions have exhibited good agreements with the experimental results and also with the other theoretical predictions

Effects of particle size on residual stresses of metal matrix composites

A finite element analysis was carned out on the development of residual stresses during the cooling process from the fabrication temperature in the SiCp reinforced Al matrix composites. In the simulation, the two-dimensional and random distribution multi-particle unit cell model and plane strain conditions were used. By incorporating the Taylor-based nonlocal plasticity theory, the effect of particle size on the nature, magnitude and distribution of residual stresses of the composites was studied. The magnitude thermal-stress-induced plastic deformation during cooling was also calculated. The results show similarities in the patterns of thermal residual stress and strain distributions for all ranges of particle size. However, they show differences in magnitude of thermal residual stress as a result of strain gradient effect. The average thermal residual stress increases with decreasing particle size, and the residual plastic strain decreases with decreasing particle size.

Residual Stresses and Deformation Behaviour in a SiC_p/Al Composite

Experiments were conducted to determine the residual stresses with X-ray diffraction in the ma- trix of a SiC/Al composite after different thermal treatments,and to investigate the stress-strain characteristics and fracture behaviour of the com- posite.It was found that there existed a tensile residual stress in the matrix and both thermal cy- cling between room temperature and 350℃ and low temperature treatment in liquid nitrogen reduced the residual stress.The results of the strength differential effect and Bauschinger effect were con- sistent with the results of residual stress measurements.The tensile residual stresses in the Al matrix enhanced the strength differential effect.The magnitude of Bauschinger effect is greater for a test initially started in compression than that in tension.

Interface,lattice strain and dislocation density of SiC_p/Al composite consolidated by equal channel angular pressing and torsion

Powder mixture of pure A1 and oxidized SiC was consolidated into 10% （mass fraction） SiCp/AI composites at 523 K by equal channel angular pressing and torsion （ECAP-T）. The interfacial bonding of the composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）. The selected area electron diffraction （SAED） for the interface was investigated. The elements at the interface were scanned by energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and the EDS mapping was also obtained. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis was carried out for the composites fabricated by 1 pass, 2 passes and 4 passes ECAP-T. According to the XRD analysis, the influences of ECAP-T pass on the Bragg angle and interplanar spacing for AI crystalline planes were studied. The results show that after ECAP-T, the interface between A1 and SiC within the composites is a belt of amorphous SiO2 containing a trace of A1, Si and C which diffused from the matrix and the reinforcement. With the growing ECAP-T pass, the Bragg angle decreases and interplanar spacing increases for A1 crystalline planes, due to the accumulated lattice strain. The increasing lattice strain of A1 grains also boosts the density of the dislocation within A1 grains.

A fast numerical method of introducing the strengthening effect of residual stress and strain to tensile behavior of metal matrix composites

Thermal residual stress and strain(TRSS)in particle reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)are believed to cause strengthening effects,according to previous studies.Here,the representative volume element(RVE)based computational homogenization technique was used to study the tensile deformation of PRMMCs with different particle aspect ratios(AR).The influence of TRSS was assessed quantitatively via comparing simulations with or without the cooling process.It was found that the strengthening effect of TRSS was affected by the particle AR.With the average strengthening effect of TRSS,a fast method of introducing the strengthening effect of TRSS to the tensile behavior of PRMMCs was developed.The new method has reduced the computational cost by a factor 2.The effect of TRSS on continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composite was found to have a softening-effect during the entire tensile deformation process because of the pre-yield effect caused by the cooling process.

Effects of welding speed on the multiscale residual stresses in frictionstir welded metal matrix composites

The effects of welding speed on the macroscopic and microscopic residual stresses(RSes) in friction stir welded 17 vol.% SiCp/2009 Al-T4 composite plates were studied via neutron diffraction and an improved decoupled hierarchical multiscale modeling methods. Measurements showed that the macroscopic and total RSes had the largest variations in the longitudinal direction(LD). Increasing the welding speed led to higher values of measured LD macroscopic and total RSes in the matrix. The welding speed also significantly influenced the distributions and magnitudes of the microscopic RSes. The RSes were predicted via an improved hierarchical multiscale model, which includes a constant coefficient of friction based thermal model. The RSes in the composite plates before friction stir welding(FSW) were computed and then set as the initial states of the FSW process during modeling. This improved decoupled multiscale model provided improved predictions of the temperature and RSes compared with our previous model.

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB_2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing,more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life.At present,the in-situ TiB_2/7050 Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density,good wear resistance and improved strength.It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material.In this study,the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness,residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB_2/7050 Al metal matrix composites were analyzed.It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites.The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress.However,the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270°C.An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins,river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.

Turning of aluminum metal matrix composites： influence of the reinforcement and the cutting condition on the surface layer of the workpiece

Aluminum metal matrix composites （Al-MMCs） are difficult to machine. The reinforcement of aluminum using ceramic particles accelerates tool wear. Moreover, demanded machining accuracies or properties of the surface layer are difficult to achieve. In the present study, the effect of silicon carbide reinforcement particles on the surface layer of the workpiece was investigated using multiple cutting conditions for dry turning. Three differently reinforced Al-MMCs regarding the volume percent-age （17% and 30%） and the particle size （0.6 μm and 3 μm） and their non-reinforced matrix were considered as the workpiece materials. The reinforcement and the cutting condition affect the results of turning. A greater particle volume percent improves the surface roughness and decreases the tensile stress in the surface. The smaller particle size caused a lower tensile stress in the surface. A general effect of the particle size on the workpiece roughness can not be concluded. The most important cutting parameter for the surface layer of the workpiece is the feed. Greater feeds decrease the tensile stress in the surface, but deteriorate the surface quality.

DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES INMICROZONE OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSTITES BY ULTRAMICROHARDNESS

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INFLUENCE OF FIBER COATING ON TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL C/Mg COMPOSITES

The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced magnesium composites under tensile loading are studied. Two different materials are used as fiber coatings: a single silica and a gradient C/SiC/SiO[sb 2]. The results show that, under the same preparation conditions, composite with the former coating is broken in a non-cumulative mode and its failure stress is rather low. Conversely, the latter coating demonstrates much better efficiency and the corresponding composite is broken in a cumulative mode.

Achieving work hardening by forming boundaries on the nanoscale in a Ti-based metallic glass matrix composite

Achieving work hardening in metallic glass matrix composites(MGMCs) is the key to the extensive use of these attractive materials in structural and functional applications.In this study,we investigated the formation of nanoscale boundaries resulted from the interaction between matrix and dendrites,which favors the work-hardening deformation in an in-situ Ti41Zr32Ni6 Ta7 Be14 MGMC with β-Ti dendrites in a glassy matrix at room temperature.The microstructures of samples after tension were observed by highresolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The work-hardening mechanism of the present composites involves:(1) appearance of dense dislocation walls(DDWs),(2)proliferation of shear bands,(3) fo rmation of boundaries on the nanoscale,and(4) interactions between hard and soft phases.A theoretical model combined with experimental data reveals the deformation mechanisms in the present work,proving that the in-situ dendrites with outstanding hardening ability in the glass matrix can provide the homogeneous deformation under tensile loading at room temperature.

界面热失配对金属基复合材料力学性能的影响

由于金属基体和增强相的热膨胀系数存在差异,金属基复合材料在制备降温过程中不可避免地产生热失配应力。研究表明,金属基复合材料热失配应力在近界面处以不同类型金属缺陷的形式进行释放,在远离界面处以热残余应力的形式保留。热失配应力释放的缺陷类型、尺寸、密度以及热残余应力的存在均会显著影响金属基复合材料的力学性能。本文阐述了界面热失配缺陷和热残余应力的产生,详细分析了界面热失配对金属基复合材料力学性能的影响,为进一步实现金属基复合材料的界面结构设计和优化提供理论基础和科学依据。

金属基复合材料激光冲击高周疲劳行为及增寿机理

为提高金属基复合材料的高周疲劳性能,采用激光冲击强化表面改性处理SiC颗粒增强2009铝基复合材料(SiCp/2009Al)探究其三点弯曲高周疲劳寿命,揭示了激光冲击过程中的残余应力、显微硬度、表面形貌和微观组织等演变规律。结果表明,激光能量为10、20和30 J激光强化冲击后SiCp/2009Al的高周疲劳寿命分别明显提高了131%、259%和182%,其对应的表面残余应力分别为-127.3、-156.0和-168.3 MPa。激光冲击在SiCp/2009Al表面诱导了深度为30μm左右的变形凹坑,表层显微硬度由母材的160 HV提高到180 HV,并出现了大量高密度位错组织。金属基复合材料表层的残余压应力和显微硬度明显得到提高,获得了可观的疲劳寿命增益。

非连续增强金属基复合材料的变形行为

详细介绍了非连续增强金属基复合材料的弹性变形、微塑性变形、宏观塑性变形行为的研究现状 ,论述了复合材料变形行为的影响因素 。

金属基复合材料的热残余应力研究进展

综述了金属基复合材料热残余应力的研究进展，分析了复合材料中热残余应力的产生条件及松弛行为；介绍了热残余应力的理论分析及测量方法；讨论了热残余应力对复合材料组织结构及性能的影响，并指出有待深入研究的问题。

SiC_p/LD2复合材料的微区力学性能

用ＵＭＨＴ３ 型超显微硬度仪测试ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２ 复合材料界面附近基体中的硬度值， 结果表明，由于热膨胀系数差异， 复合材料中的热残余应力超过基体的屈服极限， 导致界面附近基体内存在热残余应变， 并使基体应变硬化， 因而超显微硬度值的变化可以反映热残余应变的分布状况。界面附近基体的超显微硬度随颗粒尺寸、距界面的距离和颗粒的尖锐程度而变化， 与有关复合材料中热残余应变分布的计算结果吻合。

金属基复合材料界面残余应力的研究进展

综述了金属基复合材料界面残余应力的各种影响因素、残余应力的实验测试方法和理论分析方法及残余应力对复合材料宏观力学性能的影响,分析讨论了目前研究中存在的问题和不足之处,并指出了今后工作的重点与方向。

碳纤维增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

对近些年来碳纤维增强金属基复合材料的研究现状进行了综述。介绍了复合材料的制备方法,同时分析了各种方法的优点以及不足,并介绍了碳纤维的分布取向、界面状况以及残余应力对碳纤维增强金属基复合材料性能的影响。