The study of methanol aromatization on transition metal modified ZSM-5 catalyst

In this article, transition metals of Cu, La and Zn were used as adjuvant to prepare modified HZSM-5 by impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, NH_3-TPD and Py-IR to reveal the microstructure and acid property. The catalysis performances of methanol aromatization of catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results show that the strength and distribution of acid center of these catalysts are significantly influenced by the species of transition metal. There are more mediate strong Lewis acid center in Zn modified HZSM-5 catalyst and therefore exhibits higher selectivity to aromatic, benzene, toluene and xylenes in the MTA reaction..

Removal of Organochlorine from Model Oil Using Mg-Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite:Dechlorination Performance,Regeneration,and Thermodynamics

Various metal-modified ZSM-5 zeolite adsorbents prepared by the impregnation method were applied to the removal of organic chlorides from model naphtha.The adsorption performance and regeneration stability were investigated by static adsorption experiments.The morphologies,structural features,and physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis,NH3 temperature-programmed desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy.The Mg/ZSM-5 zeolite adsorbent possessed a relatively high specific surface area and good metal dispersion and exhibited the best dechlorination and regeneration performance.The characterization results revealed that introduction of the metal exerted a significant influence on the acidic properties of the catalyst surface.A decrease in the ratio of Brønsted acidic sites to Lewis acidic sites and an increase in the amount of moderately acidic sites were confirmed to be responsible for the excellent adsorption performance of the Mg-modified ZSM-5 zeolite.Furthermore,the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was applied to study the adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of the Mg/ZSM-5 adsorbent under mild conditions.The results revealed that the removal of 1,2-dichloroethane by the Mg/ZSM-5 adsorbent was endothermic,spontaneous,disordered,and primarily involved physical adsorption.

Alkali-metal-modified ZSM-5 zeolites for improvement of catalytic dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid

Various ZSM-5 zeolites modified with alkali metals （Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs） were prepared using ion exchange. The catalysts were used to enhance the catalytic dehydration of lactic acid （LA） to acrylic acid （AA）. The effects of cationic species on the structures and surface acid-base distributions of the ZSM-5 zeolites were investigated. The important factors that affect the catalytic performance were also identified. The modified ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, tempera- ture-programmed desorptions of NH3 and CO2, pyridine adsorption spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption to determine the crystal phase structures, surface acidities and basicities, nature of acid sites, specific surface areas, and pore volumes. The results show that the acid-base sites that are adjusted by alkali-metal species, particularly weak acid-base sites, are mainly responsible for the formation of AA. The KZSM-5 catalyst, in particular, significantly improved LA conversion and AA selectivity because of the synergistic effect of weak acid-base sites. The reaction was conducted at different reaction temperatures and liquid hourly space velocities （LHSVs） to understand the catalyst selectivity for AA and trends in byproduct formation. Approximately 98% LA conversion and 77% AA selectivity were achieved using the KZSM-5 catalyst under the optimum conditions （40 wt% LA aqueous solution, 365 ℃, and LHSV 2 h-1）.

Ga、Zn改性ZSM-5对生物质热裂解产物单环芳烃选择性的影响

针对生物油组分复杂、含氧量高等问题,通过使用金属改性催化剂改善生物油的组成,提高生物油中单环芳烃(Monocyclic Aromatics Hydrocarbon,MAHs)的选择性,并探讨了生物质催化热裂解反应机理。以硝酸镓、硝酸锌为改性剂,采用离子交换法对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5进行改性,使用Py-GC/MS外标法探究硅铝比(30、40、50和60)和金属元素类型(Ga、Zn)对玉米秸秆催化热裂解产物单环芳烃选择性的影响。结果表明,对于Ga/ZSM-5,硅铝比为30时更有利于单环芳烃的产生,此时玉米秸秆催化热裂解产物单环芳烃的相对含量为19.02%,是在母体ZSM-5(30)催化下的1.38倍;对于Zn/ZSM-5,硅铝比为40时更有利于单环芳烃的产生,此时玉米秸秆催化热裂解产物单环芳烃的相对含量为22.18%,是在母体ZSM-5(40)催化下的1.51倍。硅铝比对二甲苯、萘和二甲基萘的产率影响比改性金属元素影响大,改性金属元素对苯、甲苯和茚的产率影响比硅铝比影响大。从生物油的相对含量、元素组成、芳香烃的相对含量、以及单环芳烃的产率来看,Zn/ZSM-5(40)的催化效果优于Ga/ZSM-5(30)。

Characterization and Activity of Cr, Cu and Ga Modified ZSM-5 for Direct Conversion of Methane to Liquid Hydrocarbons

Direct conversion of methane using a metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite prepared viaacidic ion exchange was investigated to elucidate the roles of metal and acidity in the formation ofliquid hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 (SiO_2/Al_2O_3=30) was loaded with different metals (Cr, Cu and Ga)according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce metal-loaded ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. XRD,NMR, FT-IR and N_2 adsorption analyses indicated that Cr and Ga species managed to occupy thealuminum positions in the ZSM-5 framework. In addition, Cr species were deposited in the pores ofthe structure. However, Cu oxides were deposited on the surface and in the mesopores of the ZSM-5zeolite. An acidity study using TPD-NH_3, FT-IR, and IR-pyridine analyses revealed that the totalnumber of acid sites and the strengths of the Broensted and Lewis acid sites were significantlydifferent after the acidic ion exchange treatment. Cu loaded HZSM-5 is a potential catalyst fordirect conversion of methane to liquid hydrocarbons. The successful production of gasoline via thedirect conversion of methane depends on the amount of aluminum in the zeolite framework and thestrength of the Broensted acid sites.

Preparation of highly dispersed iron species over ZSM-5 with enhanced metal-support interaction through freeze-drying impregnation

Supported metal catalysts play a vital role in the chemical industry, and the metal-support interaction is an important property of the catalyst. However, in the traditional impregnation method, it is difficult to obtain sufficient metal-support interactions owing to the mobility of the metal precursor during evaporation drying. Here, freeze drying is applied during impregnation instead of evaporation drying for enhancing the metal-support interactions. 57 Fe ZSM-5 was chosen as a representative catalyst. A quantitative analysis was conducted based on Mossbauer spectroscopy. Compared with traditional evaporation-drying catalyst, freeze-drying catalyst has stronger metal-support interactions. In addition, more iron species are confined in the channel and smaller metal sizes and less diversity are obtained. The compositional change is also proved because of the superior performance of the freeze-drying catalyst during N2O decomposition. This method can be extended to other supported metal catalysts prepared through an impregnation method, which can be used to tune the metal-support interactions and metal sizes.

Effects of Metal Oxide in ZSM-5 Zeolite on Its Catalytic Performance in FCC Process

Effects of metal oxide in ZSM-5 zeolite on its catalytic performance in fluid catalytic cracking reaction were studied via characterization by XRD and FT-IR spectroscopy using pyridine and collidine as molecular probes,and the modified ZSM-5 zeolite was evaluated in a micro reactor using standard light diesel fraction as the feedstock.Test results indicate that the metal species introduced into the ZSM-5 zeolite had led to the formation of Lewis acid centers.When the modified ZSM-5 zeolite with the metal species on its surface was used as the catalyst in FCC reaction,both the propylene yield and the propylene concentration in the liquefied petroleum gas increased,but in the meantime,more hydrogen and coke were formed at high conversion rate under the joint action of nonselective cracking of Lewis acid centers and dehydrogenation at metal centers on its outside surface.

钙改性HZSM-5分子筛对油页岩热解特性的影响研究

采用热重质谱红外光谱(TG-MS-FTIR)联用技术和管式热解炉,探究了Ca改性前后HZSM-5分子筛对油页岩热解的催化行为,并采取BET、NH3-TPD、TG手段对分子筛进行表征。结果表明,改性前后的HZSM-5均可以显著提高C1−4脂肪烃类产物的产量,降低其析出温度。Ca改性后的HZSM-5可以降低CO2的产量。对页岩油的分析表明,改性后的HZSM-5可以提高页岩油产量,并且有效降低页岩油中脂肪链长度。但是对芳构化促进作用更强。分子筛中Brönsted酸位点对脂肪烃催化效果明显,Lewis酸位点有利于芳构化反应的发生。

不同金属改性的ZSM-5分子筛正己烷裂解性能

轻烃催化裂解工艺因具有裂解温度低、产物分布可调以及可多产丙烯等优点而备受关注。采用等量浸渍法制备了一系列不同金属改性的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,在固定床微型反应器中评价了其催化正己烷裂解性能。结果表明,4种不同金属(Ni,Fe,Cr,Co)改性的ZSM-5分子筛催化正己烷裂解反应的转化率都显示出下降趋势,但下降幅度不同,而且乙烯、丙烯选择性随不同金属的引入变化规律也不同。其中,Fe和Cr的引入对正己烷转化率的影响较小,而Co的引入导致正己烷转化率的下降幅度更大。就丙烯和乙烯选择性而言,随着金属的引入都有所增加。Co的添加对丙烯选择性提高幅度最大。因此,需要更高丙烯选择性时,可以牺牲正己烷转化率获得更多丙烯。

正己烷在金属改性HZSM-5上芳构化反应的影响因素

研究了正己烷在Ｎｉ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ三种金属改性ＨＺＭＳ－５上的芳构化反应，发现它们均有不同程度促进烷烃芳构化的功能。研究了改性沸石酸性及金属脱氢和断键功能与催化性质的关系。提出了Ｂ酸和Ｌ酸中心的协同效应对烷烃芳构化反应的促进作用。

La,Ce,Th改性ZSM-5分子筛作为烷烃裂解催化剂的评价

本文考察烷烃(正已烷烃,正庚烷,液体石蜡)在HZSM—5和稀土金属La,Ce:Th改性ZSM—5分子筛上的催化裂解行为,结果有:(1)较高的反应温度(范围:370—430℃)有利于烷烃在分子筛表面强酸中心和碱中心协同作用下,形成正碳离子,而提高烷烃的裂解转化率;(2)较低反应物进料空速,可以增大炕烃在催化剂表面的接触时间,其裂解产物(尤其是气相产物)含量增多,在相同条件下稀土金属改性的ZSM—5催化剂其裂解活性低些,这正支持了烷烃在分子筛强酸中心上裂解的机理;(3)以稀土改性ZSM—5分子筛为催化剂的裂解的烷烃油相产物中芳烃含量有较明显降低;(4)稀土改性ZSM—5分子筛具有较少的积碳现象。

改性ZSM-5-SBA-15及甲苯甲醇烷基化性能研究

通过浸渍法对ZSM-5进行金属M(M为Mg、Ni、Sr)改性,合成法制备了M-ZSM-5-SBA-15复合分子筛,采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、FT-IR、NH3-TPD和Py-FTIR等技术对样品进行表征,考察了HZSM-5的硅铝比、不同金属对ZSM-5-SBA-15复合分子筛烷基化性能的影响。结果表明,HZSM-5的硅铝比为80时,ZSM-5-SBA-15复合分子筛的烷基化性能较好,Sr的引入钝化了ZSM-5-SBA-15(80)的强B酸中心,降低了B酸与L酸的比值,Sr-ZSM-5-SBA-15(80)的甲苯甲醇烷基化性能明显提高,甲苯转化率为30.15%,对二甲苯选择性为77.41%。

改性ZSM-5分子筛负载微生物去除废水中Pb^(2+)的研究

实验首先对ZSM-5分子筛(MS)进行碱改性,然后在经碱改性的ZSM-5分子筛(A-MS)上负载巨大芽孢杆菌,制备得到碱改性ZSM-5分子筛负载微生物(A-MS-BM)吸附剂,最后分别对MS、A-MS及A-MS-BM对含Pb^(2+)重金属离子废水进行吸附去除实验研究。结果表明:当Pb^(2+)初始浓度为20 mg/L,吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,MS和AMS对Pb^(2+)的去除率分别为84.35%和94.60%,A-MS较MS来说吸附平衡时间缩短至30 min,具有较高的吸附效率。利用A-MS-BM对Pb^(2+)进行吸附实验,与A-MS吸附剂相比,A-MS-BM对Pb^(2+)的去除率提高到99.80%。说明制备的A-MS-BM对Pb^(2+)具有很好的吸附效率,扩大了分子筛和微生物在水处理技术方面的应用范畴,为重金属废水的处理提供一种新的思路。

Study of M-ZSM-5 nanocatalysts(M: Cu, Mn, Fe, Co …) for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3: Process optimization by Taguchi method

A series of different transition metals(V,Co,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu and Zn) promoted H-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The catalytic activity of these catalysts was evaluated for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH_3 as reductant in the presence of oxygen.The results revealed that the catalytic activity of Cu-ZSM-5 nanocatalyst for NO conversion to N_2 was 80%at 300 ℃,which was the best among various promoted metals.Design of experiments(DOEs) with Taguchi method was employed to optimize NH_3-SCR process parameters such as NH_3/NO ratio,O_2 concentration,and gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) over Cu-ZSM-5 nanocatalyst at 250 and 300 ℃.Results showed that the most important parameter in NH_3-SCR of NO is O_2 concentration;followed by NH_3/NO ratio and GHSV has little importance.The NO conversion to N_2 of 63.1%and 94.86%was observed at 250℃ and 300℃,respectively under the obtained optimum conditions.

金属改性多级孔HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制芳烃反应研究

采用双模板剂水热合成的HZSM-5分子筛为纳米多级孔分子筛,用超声的方法将金属M1和M2负载在分子筛上,负载后的催化剂催化甲醇制芳烃MTA反应,并对合成的HZSM-5分子筛和金属负载后的HZSM-5进行了XRD、TEN、BET、NH_3-TPD表征分析。研究表明:采用上述方法合成的催化剂催化MTA反应,在反应温度400℃,反应压力0.5 MPa,反应空速1.0h^(-1),产物中芳烃的选择性提高了16.8%。催化剂表征分析表明:采用双金属同时负载ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,金属粒子均匀分散在HZSM-5分子筛表面,分子筛双金属同时负载时,部分弱酸以及强酸性位都会向中强酸性位转变,催化剂的稳定性大大地提高了。

Catalytic Combustion of Methane over High Copper-Loading ZSM-5 Catalysts

Two series of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts, loading from 5 to 20 wt% CuO, were prepared by the deposition-precipitation and impregnation methods, respectively. The catalysts prepared by the impreg- nation method showed better catalytic performances than those prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and the increase of copper loading favored methane conversion. 20Cu（I）/ZSM-5 had the highest activity with T90% of 746 K, and for 20Cu（D）/ZSM-5, T90% was as high as 804 K. The characterization of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） revealed that the dispersion of copper species could be improved by using the deposition-precipitation method instead of the impregnation method, but the fraction of surface CuO, corresponding to active sites for methane oxidation, was larger on 20Cu（I）/ZSM-5 than 20Cu（D）/ZSM-5. The results of Pyridine-Fourier transform infrared spectrum （Py-FT-IR） showed that a majority of Lewis acidity and a minority of Brфnsted acidity were present on Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts. 20Cu（I）/ZSM-5 presented more Lewis acid sites. The number of Lewis acid sites changed significantly with preadsorption of oxygen. Adsorption of methane and oxygen on acid sites was observed. The properties of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts were correlated with the activity for methane oxidation.

Flame Synthesis of Zr/ZSM-5 Catalysts with Tunable Acidity for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propene

Tuning the surface acidity of ZSM-5 catalyst is essential to achieve desired propene selectivity and yield.Here several ratios of Zr were utilized to modify ZSM-5 via flame spray pyrolysis technique coupled with a pulse spray evaporation system.The interaction between Zr and ZSM-5 in the flame influenced the physicochemical and acidity properties of the Zr/ZSM-5.The increasing Zr ratio in ZSM-5 shows coated layers of irregular nano-sized Zr with an increase in crystallite sizes due to the synergetic effect between Zr and ZSM-5.The surface chemical analysis revealed increased lattice oxygen on the Zr modified ZSM-5(1:4) sample compared to other catalysts.The acidity analysis revealed the Lewis and Br?nsted acid distribution in the weak and medium acid sites on the catalyst surface.However,the increase in Zr loading decreased the concentration of Br?nsted acid sites and tuned the catalyst surface to more Lewis acidity,promoting propene selectivity and hindering the over-oxidation of propene.The modified ZSM-5 catalysts were examined in a fixed bed reactor within 300℃-700℃ at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) of 6000 mL·g(catalysts)^(-1)·h^(-1) for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane(ODHP) to propene.Among the catalysts,Zr/ZSM-5(1:4) exhibited the best propene yield, with 57.19% propane conversion and 75.54% selectivity to propene and the highest stability.This work provides a promising strategy for tuning the surface acidity of ZSM-5 with Zr for ODHP applications.

Particles and porous tablets based on Fe^0/ZSM-5 composites prepared by ball-milling for heavy metals removal: Dissolved Fe^(2+), pH, and mechanism

Novel, low-cost Fe0/ZSM-5-based particles and porous tablets were prepared by a ballmilling method and used for the removal of Pb^2＋ in solution. Solid-phase characterization by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（SEMEDS） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） revealed that the Fe0 microparticles were evenly loaded and tightly immobilized on the surface of ZSM-5 because of the extrusion/welding impact during ball-milling. For different Pb2＋ concentrations, batch experiments indicated that the removal of Pb2＋ increased with the decline of dissolved Fe2＋and p H value in the solution for particles; opposite results were obtained for the tablets. The differences in the contact between both materials and Pb2＋ were the main factor controlling Pb2＋ removal in the solution. Investigation into the effect of initial pH value revealed that high pH reduced the number of electrons released from Fe corrosion. Consequently, low levels of removed Pb2＋ and dissolved Fe2＋ were synchronously observed. Also, simulated electroplating wastewater was treated using the prepared particles and porous tablets,and the removal order of Pb^2＋ 〉 Cr6^＋〉 Cu^2＋≈ Cd^2＋ was observed. The Fe0/ZSM-5 particles and tablets prepared through ball-milling show potential as materials for treatment of Pb2＋ and other toxic metals.

重油催化裂解多产乙烯丙烯催化剂的研究

采用半合成法制备了不同金属改性的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,以大庆VGO为原料,在固定床微型反应装置上对不同金属改性催化剂进行裂解生产低碳烯烃效果的评价,筛选出生产乙烯、丙烯性能较好的银+镧双金属改性催化剂,采用喷雾干燥的方法成型,并在800℃、100%水蒸气下老化处理4 h。该催化剂在两段提升管实验装置上,以大庆AR为原料的评价结果表明,乙烯和丙烯收率可分别达到9.5%和24.9%;若考虑C4组分回炼,乙烯和丙烯收率可分别达到13.0%和29.9%。

双活性组分增产丙烯催化剂的实验研究

以MOR和ZSM-5两种分子筛作为活性组分制备催化裂解多产丙烯催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、IR等手段对所制备的催化剂进行表征。在重油微反装置上以大庆减压蜡油为原料,考察催化剂中MOR和ZSM-5协同对丙烯收率和丙烯/乙烯质量比的影响规律。结果表明,在载体总量不变时,MOR的加入能够明显降低乙烯收率,同时保持丙烯收率不变,使丙烯/乙烯质量比提高0.2。在此基础上对MOR进行Ag改性,与未改性的催化剂相比,丙烯收率增加1.6%,丙烯/乙烯质量比增加0.2。