Metal nano layer coating for increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The metal nano layer will attract the micro-poisons from any measured aq...Metal nano layer coating for increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The metal nano layer will attract the micro-poisons from any measured aqueous sample increasing the concentration of the micro-poison in the vicinity of the surface and significantly improves the sensitivity of the spectroscopic measurement. The demonstration was carried out using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) operating in the MIR 400 cm-1 - 4000 cm-1 and 5 nm Gold layer which was grown on silicon oxide substrate. In the experimental demonstration Malathion organophosphate pesticide was used as micro-poison. The spectroscopic measurement proves that Malathion was attracted to the metal nano layer. Furthermore, the absorption lines of Malathion were detected and recognized. This proof of principle can be applied to any Internal Reflection Elements (IRE) and it can be used to purify any aqueous solutions and atmosphere from micro-poisons which will be attracted to the metal Nano layer.展开更多
A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initi...A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.展开更多
The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This articl...The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.展开更多
Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled foo...Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled food crops harvested near two abandoned Lead-Zinc mining sites at Logo Benue State is crucial. <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, <i>Carica papaya</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i> were sampled, prepared, and analyzed for four heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean data from the analysis of variance was subjected to ecological and health risk models. Pb means value ranged from <i>Carica papaya</i> Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in <i>Zea mays</i> seed. Zn was highest in <i>Carica papaya</i> flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and lowest in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> peels and its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg and Cd were below detectable levels. <i>Zea mays</i> <i>seeds</i> (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation factor. BAF of zinc and ecological indices were <1. Daily Intake of Metals were all <1, however, Hazard Quotient (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> flesh 1.143 and Zea mays at 1714. Cancer Risks were within permissible range (10<sup>-4</sup> - 10<sup>-6</sup>). Health Risk result indicates communities around the mining area may be at risk of lead poisoning therefore due to high contamination of samples, routine checks on heavy metals especially lead is recommended to prevent excessive bioaccumulation in the body.展开更多
文摘Metal nano layer coating for increasing the sensitivity of spectroscopic measurements is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. The metal nano layer will attract the micro-poisons from any measured aqueous sample increasing the concentration of the micro-poison in the vicinity of the surface and significantly improves the sensitivity of the spectroscopic measurement. The demonstration was carried out using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) operating in the MIR 400 cm-1 - 4000 cm-1 and 5 nm Gold layer which was grown on silicon oxide substrate. In the experimental demonstration Malathion organophosphate pesticide was used as micro-poison. The spectroscopic measurement proves that Malathion was attracted to the metal nano layer. Furthermore, the absorption lines of Malathion were detected and recognized. This proof of principle can be applied to any Internal Reflection Elements (IRE) and it can be used to purify any aqueous solutions and atmosphere from micro-poisons which will be attracted to the metal Nano layer.
文摘A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.
文摘The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.
文摘Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled food crops harvested near two abandoned Lead-Zinc mining sites at Logo Benue State is crucial. <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i>, <i>Carica papaya</i>, <i>Manihot esculenta</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i> were sampled, prepared, and analyzed for four heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean data from the analysis of variance was subjected to ecological and health risk models. Pb means value ranged from <i>Carica papaya</i> Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in <i>Zea mays</i> seed. Zn was highest in <i>Carica papaya</i> flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and lowest in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> peels and its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg and Cd were below detectable levels. <i>Zea mays</i> <i>seeds</i> (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation factor. BAF of zinc and ecological indices were <1. Daily Intake of Metals were all <1, however, Hazard Quotient (HQ) of Pb was ≥1 in <i>Manihot esculenta</i> flesh 1.143 and Zea mays at 1714. Cancer Risks were within permissible range (10<sup>-4</sup> - 10<sup>-6</sup>). Health Risk result indicates communities around the mining area may be at risk of lead poisoning therefore due to high contamination of samples, routine checks on heavy metals especially lead is recommended to prevent excessive bioaccumulation in the body.
