Safety and efficacy of a partially covered self-expandable metal stent in benign pyloric obstruction

AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of partially covered self-expandable metallic stents(SEMSs)in benign pyloric obstruction.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed data from 10consecutive patients with peptic ulcer-related pyloric obstructive symptoms(gastric outlet obstruction scoring system(GOOSS)score of 1)between March 2012and September 2013.The patients were referred to and managed by partially covered SEMS insertion in our tertiary academic center.We assessed the technical success,symptom improvement,and adverse events after stenting.RESULTS:Early symptoms were improved just 3 d after SEMS placement in all 10 patients.The GOOSS score of all patients improved from 1 to 3.There were no serious immediate adverse events.The overall rate of being symptom free was 90%at a median of 11mo of follow-up(range:4-43 mo).Five patients were managed by a rescue SEMS because of failure of previous endoscopic balloon dilatation.Among them,four patients had sustained symptom improvement after the SEMS procedure.During the follow-up period,migration of the SEMS was observed in two patients(20.0%),both of whom had previous endoscopic balloon dilatation before SEMS insertion.CONCLUSION:Despite the small number in this study,partially covered SEMSs showed a favorable and safe outcome in the treatment of na?ve benign pyloric obstruction and in salvage treatment after balloon dilatation failure.

Studies on the Redox Properties of Undecatungstotitanates Containing One Kind of Transition Metal

Some monosubstituted Keggin or Dawson anions nave been reporten by Hill to be "remarkably effective" catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes, Hill, Finke and Neumann reported respectively that the transition metal monosubstituted heteropolyanions [PW;O;M（H;O）]";, [P;W;O;M（L）]"- and [SiW;O;Ru（H;O）];have an ability to catalyze the epoxidation of alkenes. And the undecatungstotitanates with one kind of transition metal have

Long-distance super-exchange and quantum magnetic relaxation in a hybrid metal–organic framework

The hybrid metal-organic framework [（CH3）2NH2]Fe（HCOO）3 with a perovskite-like structure exhibits a variety of unusual magnetic behaviors at low temperatures. While the long-distance super-exchange through the Fe-（Y-CH-O- Fe exchange path leads to a canted antiferromagnetic ordering at TN - 19 K, a second transition of magnetic blocking develops at TB- 9 K. The stair-shaped magnetization hysteresis loops below TB resemble the behaviors of resonant quantum tunneling of magnetization in single-molecular quantum magnets. Moreover, the magnetic relaxation also exhibits several features of resonant quantum relaxation, such as the exponential law with a single characteristic relaxation time, and the nonmonotonic dependence of relaxation rate on the applied magnetic field with a much faster relaxation around the resonant fields. The origin of quantum tunneling behaviors in the [（CH3）2NH2]Fe（HCOO）3 metal-organic framework is discussed in terms of magnetic phase separation due to the modification of hydrogen bonding on the long-distance super-exchange interaction.

Using Synoptic Classification and Trajectory Analysis to Assess Air Quality during the Winter Heating Period in rümqi, China

Synoptic patterns identified by an automated procedure employing principal- component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis, and backward trajectory analysis clustered by the HYSPLIT4.9 model were used to examine air quality patterns over¨ Uru¨mqi, China, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six synoptic patterns representing different atmospheric circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified during the winter heating periods from 2001 to 2008, and seven trajectory clusters representing different paths of air masses arriving at ürümqi were calculated during the winter heating periods from 2005 to 2008. Then air quality was evaluated using these two approaches, and significant variations were found across both synoptic patterns and trajectory clusters. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when ürümqi was either in an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone. Both conditions were characterized by with light winds, cold, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. ürümqi was predominately influenced by air masses from the southwest and from local areas. Air pollution index （API） levels were highest for air masses originating from the southwest with a longer path or for the local area, because of transport from semi-desert/desert regions by strong winds and because of local heavy pollution emissions, respectively. The interactions between these two analytical approaches showed that poor diffusion conditions, together with local circulation, enhanced air pollution, besides, regional air-mass transport caused by strong winds contributed to serious air quality under relatively good diffusion conditions.

Atmospheric Deposition-Carried Pb, Zn, and Cd from a Zinc Smelter and Their Effect on Soil Microorganisms

Dust emissions from smelters, as a major contributor to heavy metal contamination in soils, could severely influence soil quality. Downwind surface soils within 1.5 km of a zinc smelter, which was active for 10 years but ceased in 2000, in Magu Town, Guizhou Province, China were selected to examine Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations and their fractionation along a distance gradient from a zinc smelter, and to study the possible e?ects of Pb, Zn, and Cd accumulation on soil microorganisms by comparing with a reference soil located at a downwind distance of 10 km from the zinc smelter. Soils within 1.5 km of the zinc smelter accumulated high levels of heavy metals Zn (508 mg kg-1), Pb (95.6 mg kg-1), and Cd (5.98 mg kg-1) with low ratios of Zn/Cd (59.1-115) and Pb/Cd (12.4-23.4). Composite pollution indices (CPIs) of surface soils (2.52-15.2) were 3 to 13 times higher than the reference soils. In metal accumulated soils, exchangeable plus carbonate-bound fractions accounted for more than 10% of the total Zn, Pb, and Cd. The saturation degree of metals (SDM) in soils within 1.5 km of the smelter (averaging 1.25) was six times higher than that of the reference soils (0.209). A smaller soil microbial biomass was found more frequently in metal accumulated soils (85.1-438 μg C g-1) than in reference soils (497 μg C g-1), and a negative correlation (P < 0.01) of soil microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio (Cmic/Corg) with SDM was observed. Microbial consumption of carbon sources was more rapid in contaminated soils than in reference soils, and a shift in the substrate utilization pattern was apparent and was negatively correlated with SDM (R = -0.773, P < 0.01). Consequently, dust deposited Pb, Zn, and Cd in soils from zinc smelting were readily mobilized, and were detrimental to soil quality mainly in respect of microbial biomass.

Use of Azotobacter sp.as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.

Stress-induced leakage current characteristics of PMOS fabricated by a new multi-deposition multi-annealing technique with full gate last process

In the process of high-k films fabrication, a novel multi deposition multi annealing （MDMA） technique is introduced to replace simple post deposition annealing. The leakage current decreases with the increase of the post deposition annealing （PDA） times. The equivalent oxide thickness （EOT） decreases when the annealing time（s） change from 1 to 2. Furthermore, the characteristics of SILC （stress-induced leakage current） for an ultra-thin SiO2/HfO2 gate dielectric stack are studied systematically. The increase of the PDA time（s） from 1 to 2 can decrease the defect and defect generation rate in the HK layer. However, increasing the PDA times to 4 and 7 may introduce too much oxygen, therefore the type of oxygen vacancy changes.

Oxygen Molecule Activation on Single-Atom Catalysts with Cu, Ag, and Au: A Cluster Model Study

(M = Au, Ag, Cu;n= 1, 2, 3) clusters were used as a cluster model to study the activation of oxygen molecules on single-atom catalysts. Structures of clusters were studied by density functional calculations with global optimization. For each n, the most stable structures are quite similar for different metal types, and the oxygen molecule prefers to be adsorbed onto M atoms. It is found that the activation degree of oxygen is higher on clusters with non-noble metal Cu than that of Ag or Au containing clusters, by comparing the changes of O-O bond length and vibrational frequency, natural charge population analysis, Fuzzy bond order analysis, and energy barriers of O2 dissociation. CO oxidation was used as a probe reaction to study the reactivity of Cu-containing clusters, and it is found that the reactivity decreases with the increase of the size of silicon-oxygen clusters. Our results give a new aspect to understand the reaction mechanism of non-precious metal single-atom catalyst for oxygen activation with high efficiency.

基于数值模拟与实验的弯液面约束电化学沉积工艺研究

目的研究影响弯液面约束电沉积(MCED)的工艺参数(电压、浓度、湿度和喷嘴移动速度),以确保制造出满足要求的高性能金属微结构。方法首先采用COMSOL有限元仿真研究了沉积过程中不同电压、浓度、湿度和喷嘴移动速度对MCED沉积速率的影响,确定了MCED在上述参数影响下的变化规律。其次,进行了工艺试验,验证了仿真结果的正确性。结果仿真结果表明,MCED沉积速率与电压、电解液浓度呈正相关。喷嘴移动速度会影响金属微结构的初始沉积直径和沉积速率,喷嘴移动速度越慢,沉积结构初始直径越大,沉积速率相对越慢,而且还会影响沉积能否顺利进行。实验结果表明,在相同湿度下,在弯液桥边缘位置存在相对湿度梯度,易产生强对流,在边缘位置,加快扩散速度将会造成边缘优先生长。在不同湿度下,易出现空心结构和实心结构。结论通过将仿真与实验相结合,得到了沉积速率、沉积形状与电压、电解液浓度、喷嘴移动速度和湿度之间的关系,通过调控工艺参数(电压、浓度、湿度和喷嘴移动速度)得到最佳适用值,可获得沉积质量较好的金属微结构。

金属硫化物在电催化二氧化碳还原反应中的应用

金属硫化物作为催化剂材料具有高稳定性、金属边缘活性和硫空位的协同效应等特点,特别是对二氧化碳(CO_(2))电还原反应表现出良好的活性和选择性,有望成为高效的CO_(2)电还原催化剂.鉴于此,综述了金属硫化物在电催化CO_(2)还原反应中的研究进展,分别归纳了第四周期、第五周期及第六周期中主要的金属硫化物电催化CO_(2)还原反应的性能、还原产物特点及影响因素等;特别分析了金属硫化物中S组分调控对催化性能的影响规律,以期实现更高效的电催化CO_(2)还原转化过程.此外,总结分析了目前金属硫化物催化剂存在的主要问题和瓶颈,并展望未来的研究重点和发展方向.

铁改性生物炭的制备及水体修复应用综述

铁改性生物炭被认为是一种环境友好型吸附剂,可用于处理多种水体污染,其吸附能力及吸附特性由于不同的制备方法而存在差异.鉴于此,综述了铁改性生物炭常见的制备方法及其对水体污染物(重金属、氮、磷、有机物)的修复应用,并对其主要的吸附机理进行总结.重点阐述了铁改性生物炭的原料选择、物理化学预处理、热解温度以及改性方法等对生物炭性质以及水环境中有机无机污染物吸附效果的影响,以期为铁改性生物炭在水环境修复中的高效应用提供科学依据.最后,对铁改性生物炭未来的研究方向提出了一些建议.

XRT智能预选技术在有色金属矿山中的应用进展

随着矿产资源贫、杂、细等特点日益突出,入选矿石品位低和堆存废石量过大等问题凸显。将智能分选技术应用于矿石入选前的预先富集工序是解决该问题的一个重要途径。其中,以X射线透射技术(XRT)为主导的分选成像方案已经成为有色金属矿山解决有关问题的主流方式之一,并且在钨、铅锌、钼等金属矿山的选矿过程中取得了较好的富集效果,大大提高了矿山的经济效益。本文旨在介绍XRT的发展历程及研究现状,包括分选设备的原理、特点,以及该技术在不同有色金属领域的应用情况。

核动力航天器管壳式换热器换热特性分析

为了研究核动力航天器所需碱金属管壳式换热器的换热特性,本文设计一种换热结构,通过流固耦合传热方法对该换热结构的换热和流动特性进行仿真分析,研究了不同冷、热流体管道布置方式下的换热特性。利用结构化和非结构化网格的网格组装方法,实现不同流体域的耦合换热。对K、Na和NaK流体通道进行对比分析,得出当换热器功率为兆瓦级时,适合选择Na工质作为冷却剂。对流体管道进行优化设计,得出在不改变冷、热流体换热空间体积的情况下,优化设计后的管道布置结构换热能力更强。研究表明当低温流体速度较慢且高温流体速度较快时,冷却效率更高。本文可为核动力航天器的换热器设计和开发提供参考依据。

还原温度对熔盐修饰Ni/MgO双功能材料CO_(2)吸附-甲烷化一体化性能的影响机制

CO_(2)捕集-转化一体化是实现烟气CO_(2)减排和洁净能源高效存储的重要策略,也是加速实现碳中和的关键负碳排放技术,而兼具高CO_(2)吸附容量和催化活性的双功能材料构筑是关键。基于碱金属熔盐修饰Ni/MgO双功能材料CO_(2)吸附-甲烷化的技术路径备受关注。碱金属熔盐的稳定性和Ni活性组分的还原是提升熔盐修饰Ni/MgO双功能材料CO_(2)吸附-甲烷化性能的关键。构筑了NaNO3修饰Ni/MgO一体化双功能材料,考察了还原温度对其CO_(2)吸附-甲烷化一体化性能的影响规律。结果表明,双功能材料中的碱金属熔盐在低温条件下(~300℃)可促进CO_(2)和MgO溶解扩散,提升CO_(2)吸附性能,而较高的温度(>340℃)导致CO_(2)和MgO溶解扩散受阻,熔盐组分迁移覆盖活性位点,致使材料攒聚烧结和熔盐分解,造成其吸附性能衰减。还原温度提高有利于NiO还原,可提高CH4产量、CO_(2)转化率和CH4选择性。10NaNO3-Ni/MgO双功能材料(NaNO3负载量为10%(质量分数))在450℃还原后,CO_(2)吸附容量和转化率分别为6.46 mmol/g和79.37%,CH4产量和选择性分别为0.85 mmol/g和96.27%。综合考虑还原温度对CO_(2)吸附和甲烷化性能的影响,提出了高浓度H2低温还原的补偿策略,在维持碱金属熔盐稳定和CO_(2)吸附性能的条件下提升双功能材料的甲烷化性能。

电子垃圾拆解区周边农田土壤重金属污染评价

通过对台州温岭某电子垃圾拆解区土壤的重金属含量调查与分析,利用单项污染指数和综合污染指数对土壤Cr,Cu,Cd,Pb等4种重金属污染情况进行了评价。结果表明,以土壤环境质量国家二级为评价标准,土壤样品中Cd,Cu为主要污染元素,而Cr含量均未超标。其中50%以上的土样已超过中度污染水平,20%左右的土样达到重度污染水平。若以当地自然背景值为评价标准,则80%以上土样超过中度污染水平,且有40%左右土样达到重度污染水平。

变频空调的性能研究

变频空调以其节约、舒适、噪音小等特点吸引了众多的消费者。然而,其中的变频器会产生高频波与高周波,造成环境污染,本文就其性能特点进行了探讨。

金属材料表面纳米化的研究现状

概述金属材料表面纳米化研究的现状,包括表面纳米化的基本原理、制备方法、结构特征和功能特性,并对表面纳米化研究的发展进行展望。

中国土壤环境质量标准中重金属指标的筛选研究

我国土壤重金属污染问题十分严重,但目前国家的土壤环境质量标准已不适应当前土壤环境管理的需求,在指标体系上主要体现在重金属污染物项目过少,对一些新出现的污染问题无法有效监管。本研究通过深入调研美国、加拿大、荷兰、德国、澳大利亚、日本、中国台湾和香港等发达国家和地区的土壤环境标准,并将他们的重金属指标与我国现行的土壤环境质量标准中的重金属指标进行系统比较分析,提出我国土壤环境质量标准中重金属指标的修订建议。主要是要补充六价铬、有机汞等高毒害重金属价态和形态的标准;新增铍、锑、铊、钒等新型重金属污染物的土壤环境质量标准;同时,结合石灰(岩)土高背景区土壤,探索建立基于有效性的土壤重金属浸提态标准体系;为实现我国土壤重金属污染的风险管理提供科学依据。