An overview of extraction of some trace metal ions using molten solvent (lowmelting substance) during last two decades is presented. The development of this technique since itsinception is briefly traced. The comparis...An overview of extraction of some trace metal ions using molten solvent (lowmelting substance) during last two decades is presented. The development of this technique since itsinception is briefly traced. The comparison of extraction efficiency, thermodynamics and kineticsmainly involving extraction of rare earth ions between molten solvent extraction at high temperatureand usual liquid-liquid extraction at room temperature are discussed in detail. The variousparameters obtained from the previous and present studies such as equilibrium extraction constantK_(ex), pH_(1/2), thermodynamic and kinetic data are displayed in tabular form. Finally, the currentdemands, disadvantages and future prospects are also evaluated.展开更多
A novel idea of transport of yttrium(Ⅲ) metal ions through fibers supported liquid membrane in two stage processes namely source to membrane and membrane to receiving phase has been proposed.The fibers supported liqu...A novel idea of transport of yttrium(Ⅲ) metal ions through fibers supported liquid membrane in two stage processes namely source to membrane and membrane to receiving phase has been proposed.The fibers supported liquid membrane was impregnated with different concentrations carrier.The experimental variables explored were concentration of yttrium(Ⅲ) ions,pH of source phase,PC-88A concentration in membrane phase,acid concentration in receiving phase and stirring speed.The pre-concentration of yttrium(Ⅲ) ions ...展开更多
A novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes. A series of metal oxides was synthesized for catalyzing the conjugate addition of amines and alkenes. ...A novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes. A series of metal oxides was synthesized for catalyzing the conjugate addition of amines and alkenes. After optimizing the reaction conditions, SrO was chosen as the most efficient catalyst for the reactions. The results show that the catalyst is very efficient for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes with the excellent yields in several minutes. Operational simplicity, without need of any solvent, low cost of the catalyst used, high yields, reusability, excellent chemoselectivity and applicability to large-scale reactions are the key features of this methodology.展开更多
Cold purification filter cakes generated in the hydrometallurgical processing of Angouran mine zinc concentrate commonly contain significant amounts of Zn, Cd, and Ni ions and thus are valuable resources for metal rec...Cold purification filter cakes generated in the hydrometallurgical processing of Angouran mine zinc concentrate commonly contain significant amounts of Zn, Cd, and Ni ions and thus are valuable resources for metal recovery. In this research, a nickel containing solution that was obtained from sulfuric acid leaching of the filter cake following cadmium and zinc removal was subjected to solvent extraction experiments using 10vol%LIX984N diluted in kerosene. Under optimum experimental conditions （pH 5.3, volume ratio of organic/aqueous （O：A） = 2：1, and contact time -5 min）, more than 97.1% of nickel was extracted. Nickel was stripped from the loaded organic by contacting with a 200 g/L sulfuric acid solution, from which 77.7% of nickel was recovered in a single contact at the optimum conditions （pH 1-1.5, O：A =5：1, and contact time =15 min）.展开更多
In this study, in order to explain the solvent and spin state effects on the molecular structure of catechol-Fe complex [Fe(cat)3]n﹣?where n = 2 and 3, Hartree Fock (HF)-Density Functional Theory (DFT) hybrid calcula...In this study, in order to explain the solvent and spin state effects on the molecular structure of catechol-Fe complex [Fe(cat)3]n﹣?where n = 2 and 3, Hartree Fock (HF)-Density Functional Theory (DFT) hybrid calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level of theory. The binding energies of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in high-spin state are higher than intermediate and low-spin states which show that the complex formation in a high spin state is more favorable. The calculated binding energies at different solvents indicate that the binding energies in polar solvents are lower than non-polar solvents. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies including FTIR and Raman spectrum in various solvents reveal that the formation of intermolecular bonds between the oxygen atom of carbonyl group and the hydrogen atom of solvent causes a spectral red shift. The calculated FTIR and geometry parameters are in good agreement with previous experimental data. Donor-acceptor interaction energies are evaluated due to the importance of the charge transfer in the complex formation. It is observed that the free electrons of oxygen atom interact with the antibonding orbitals of the iron. Finally, some correlations between the quantum chemical reactivity indices of the complexes and solvent polarity are considered. The study indicates a linear correlation between chemical hardness and binding energies of [Fe(cat)3]3﹣?complex.展开更多
Poly ethylene glycols (PEG-200, 400, 600, 4000 and 6000) supported reactions were conducted with certain α, β-unsaturated acids in presence of metal nitrates under solvent free (solid state) and mineral acid free co...Poly ethylene glycols (PEG-200, 400, 600, 4000 and 6000) supported reactions were conducted with certain α, β-unsaturated acids in presence of metal nitrates under solvent free (solid state) and mineral acid free conditions. The reactants were ground in a mortar with a pestle for about 30 minutes. The aromatic acids underwent nitro decarboxylation and afforded β-nitro styrene derivatives in very good yield while α, β-unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids gave corresponding nitro derivatives. Addition of PEG accelerated rate of the reaction enormously. Reaction times substantially decreased from several hours to few minutes followed by highly significant increase in the product yield. Among the several PEGs PEG-300 has been found to be much more effective than other PEGs.展开更多
Microfluidic behavior of ternary mixed carrier solvents of water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (2:3:1 volume ratio) was examined by use of a microchip incorporating microchannels in which one wide channel was separated i...Microfluidic behavior of ternary mixed carrier solvents of water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (2:3:1 volume ratio) was examined by use of a microchip incorporating microchannels in which one wide channel was separated into three narrow channels, i.e., triple-branched microchannels. When the ternary carrier solution containing the fluorescent dyes, hydrophobic perylene (blue) and relatively hydrophilic Eosin Y (green), was fed into the wide channel under laminar flow conditions, the carrier solvent molecules or fluorescence dyes were radially distributed in the channel, forming inner (organic solvent-rich major;blue) and outer (water-rich minor;green) phases in the wide channel. And then, in the narrow channels, perylene molecules mostly appeared to flow through the center narrow channel and Eosin Y, which is distributed in the outer phases in the wide channel, flowed through the both side narrow channels. A metal ion, Cu(II) as a model, dissolved in the ternary mixed carrier solution was also examined. The Cu(II) showed fluidic behavior, transferring from the homogeneous carrier solution to the water-rich solution in the side narrow channels through the triple-branched microchannels.展开更多
Three metal molybdate hydrates,Fe（H2O） 2（MoO4）2·H3O（FeMo）,NaCo 2（MoO4） 2（H3O2）（CoMo） and Mn 2（MoO4）3·2H3O（MnMo）,were synthesized by the mixed-solvent-thermal methods and characterized by sing...Three metal molybdate hydrates,Fe（H2O） 2（MoO4）2·H3O（FeMo）,NaCo 2（MoO4） 2（H3O2）（CoMo） and Mn 2（MoO4）3·2H3O（MnMo）,were synthesized by the mixed-solvent-thermal methods and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction.X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bond-valence sums were applied to confirming the valance of Fe,Co,Mn and Mo.Thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction measurements indicate that the samples were converted to different structural compounds upon heating in air at 600 ℃ for 1 h.The magnetic properties of these compounds were studied.The dominant magnetic interactions are antiferromagnetic in nature.However,different synthesis conditions led to the diversity of magnetic properties of compound CoMo.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Project of KJCXGC-01 of Northwest Normal University,and the Gansu Province Nature Science Foundation(ZR96016).]
文摘An overview of extraction of some trace metal ions using molten solvent (lowmelting substance) during last two decades is presented. The development of this technique since itsinception is briefly traced. The comparison of extraction efficiency, thermodynamics and kineticsmainly involving extraction of rare earth ions between molten solvent extraction at high temperatureand usual liquid-liquid extraction at room temperature are discussed in detail. The variousparameters obtained from the previous and present studies such as equilibrium extraction constantK_(ex), pH_(1/2), thermodynamic and kinetic data are displayed in tabular form. Finally, the currentdemands, disadvantages and future prospects are also evaluated.
基金supported by Department of Science and Technology,Government of India (GAP 271526)
文摘A novel idea of transport of yttrium(Ⅲ) metal ions through fibers supported liquid membrane in two stage processes namely source to membrane and membrane to receiving phase has been proposed.The fibers supported liquid membrane was impregnated with different concentrations carrier.The experimental variables explored were concentration of yttrium(Ⅲ) ions,pH of source phase,PC-88A concentration in membrane phase,acid concentration in receiving phase and stirring speed.The pre-concentration of yttrium(Ⅲ) ions ...
基金Supported by the National Key Project of ScientificTechnical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China(No.2006BAE03B06)
文摘A novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes. A series of metal oxides was synthesized for catalyzing the conjugate addition of amines and alkenes. After optimizing the reaction conditions, SrO was chosen as the most efficient catalyst for the reactions. The results show that the catalyst is very efficient for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes with the excellent yields in several minutes. Operational simplicity, without need of any solvent, low cost of the catalyst used, high yields, reusability, excellent chemoselectivity and applicability to large-scale reactions are the key features of this methodology.
基金the Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran for the fnancial support given for this study
文摘Cold purification filter cakes generated in the hydrometallurgical processing of Angouran mine zinc concentrate commonly contain significant amounts of Zn, Cd, and Ni ions and thus are valuable resources for metal recovery. In this research, a nickel containing solution that was obtained from sulfuric acid leaching of the filter cake following cadmium and zinc removal was subjected to solvent extraction experiments using 10vol%LIX984N diluted in kerosene. Under optimum experimental conditions （pH 5.3, volume ratio of organic/aqueous （O：A） = 2：1, and contact time -5 min）, more than 97.1% of nickel was extracted. Nickel was stripped from the loaded organic by contacting with a 200 g/L sulfuric acid solution, from which 77.7% of nickel was recovered in a single contact at the optimum conditions （pH 1-1.5, O：A =5：1, and contact time =15 min）.
文摘In this study, in order to explain the solvent and spin state effects on the molecular structure of catechol-Fe complex [Fe(cat)3]n﹣?where n = 2 and 3, Hartree Fock (HF)-Density Functional Theory (DFT) hybrid calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) level of theory. The binding energies of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in high-spin state are higher than intermediate and low-spin states which show that the complex formation in a high spin state is more favorable. The calculated binding energies at different solvents indicate that the binding energies in polar solvents are lower than non-polar solvents. Furthermore, spectroscopic studies including FTIR and Raman spectrum in various solvents reveal that the formation of intermolecular bonds between the oxygen atom of carbonyl group and the hydrogen atom of solvent causes a spectral red shift. The calculated FTIR and geometry parameters are in good agreement with previous experimental data. Donor-acceptor interaction energies are evaluated due to the importance of the charge transfer in the complex formation. It is observed that the free electrons of oxygen atom interact with the antibonding orbitals of the iron. Finally, some correlations between the quantum chemical reactivity indices of the complexes and solvent polarity are considered. The study indicates a linear correlation between chemical hardness and binding energies of [Fe(cat)3]3﹣?complex.
文摘Poly ethylene glycols (PEG-200, 400, 600, 4000 and 6000) supported reactions were conducted with certain α, β-unsaturated acids in presence of metal nitrates under solvent free (solid state) and mineral acid free conditions. The reactants were ground in a mortar with a pestle for about 30 minutes. The aromatic acids underwent nitro decarboxylation and afforded β-nitro styrene derivatives in very good yield while α, β-unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids gave corresponding nitro derivatives. Addition of PEG accelerated rate of the reaction enormously. Reaction times substantially decreased from several hours to few minutes followed by highly significant increase in the product yield. Among the several PEGs PEG-300 has been found to be much more effective than other PEGs.
文摘Microfluidic behavior of ternary mixed carrier solvents of water-acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (2:3:1 volume ratio) was examined by use of a microchip incorporating microchannels in which one wide channel was separated into three narrow channels, i.e., triple-branched microchannels. When the ternary carrier solution containing the fluorescent dyes, hydrophobic perylene (blue) and relatively hydrophilic Eosin Y (green), was fed into the wide channel under laminar flow conditions, the carrier solvent molecules or fluorescence dyes were radially distributed in the channel, forming inner (organic solvent-rich major;blue) and outer (water-rich minor;green) phases in the wide channel. And then, in the narrow channels, perylene molecules mostly appeared to flow through the center narrow channel and Eosin Y, which is distributed in the outer phases in the wide channel, flowed through the both side narrow channels. A metal ion, Cu(II) as a model, dissolved in the ternary mixed carrier solution was also examined. The Cu(II) showed fluidic behavior, transferring from the homogeneous carrier solution to the water-rich solution in the side narrow channels through the triple-branched microchannels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20971054,90922034)the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China(No.2009-49)
文摘Three metal molybdate hydrates,Fe（H2O） 2（MoO4）2·H3O（FeMo）,NaCo 2（MoO4） 2（H3O2）（CoMo） and Mn 2（MoO4）3·2H3O（MnMo）,were synthesized by the mixed-solvent-thermal methods and characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction.X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bond-valence sums were applied to confirming the valance of Fe,Co,Mn and Mo.Thermo-gravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction measurements indicate that the samples were converted to different structural compounds upon heating in air at 600 ℃ for 1 h.The magnetic properties of these compounds were studied.The dominant magnetic interactions are antiferromagnetic in nature.However,different synthesis conditions led to the diversity of magnetic properties of compound CoMo.
