Analysis of Different Rare Metals, Rare Earth Elements, and other Common Metals in Groundwater of South West Bank/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

Ground water samples are collected from south West Bank/Palestine and analyzed for different rare elements (Rb, Zr, U, P, Ti, V), rare earth elements (La, Ce, and Nd), and other common trace metals (Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, K, Bi) that most of them usually have no maximum acceptable limits as either they are considered not to be toxic to human health or there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. This study was conducted to determine the water quality of ground water which is used for drinking in the study area. Water samples from ten groundwater wells were obtained in three different dates of the year (November 2012, March 2013, and April 2013). Three water samples were obtained from each well for each sampling date;so a total of 90 water samples were collected from the ten wells. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, ground water is a main source of their water supply.

Analysis of Different Rare Metals, and Rare Earth Metals in Harvested Rain Water in Gaza Strip/Palestine by ICP/MS-Data and Health Aspects

This rain water samples harvested for drinking and agriculture from Gaza collected in November 2012 were analyzed for different rare metals (Rb, Zr, Ti, Tl, Sb, Sc, Y), and rare earth metals (La, and Ce). These metals usually have no maximum acceptable limits as there is no sufficient data about their toxicity to human health. Their control should be therefore controlled in water to monitor their concentration in water (ground, harvested, etc.). This study was conducted to determine the water quality of harvested water which is used for drinking in the study area. 43 water samples were collected in November 2012 during the first rain from house wells and rain water pools. The concentrations of the metals detected in the collected harvested rainwater vary significantly between the 43 samples, and all of them were detected in all water samples analyzed in this study. The results obtained from this study suggest a possible risk to the population of the study area given the high concentration of some metals that have no maximum allowed concentration, and the fact that for many people in the study area, harvested rain water is a main source of their water supply.

Extraction of metals from complex sulfide nickel concentrates by low-temperature chlorination roasting and water leaching

The recovery of valuable metals from complex sulfide concentrates was investigated via chlorination roasting followed by water leaching. A reaction process is proposed on the basis of previous studies and the results of our preliminary experiments. During the process,various process parameters were studied,including the roasting temperature,the addition of NH_4 Cl,the roasting time,the leaching time,and the liquid-to-solid ratio. The roasted products and leach residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. Under the optimum condition,95% of Ni,98% of Cu,and 88% of Co were recovered. In addition,the removal of iron was studied in the water leaching stage. The results demonstrate that this process provides an effective approach for extracting multiple metals from complex concentrates or ores.

Applications of Rare Earth Promoted Transition Metal Sulfides in Electrocatalysis

With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems,researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion methods.Transition metal sulfur compounds have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity,low cost,adjustable components and good electrocatalytic performance.As an alternative to noble metal catalysts,they have emerged as a promising electrocatalyst.However,their low catalytic activity and poor stability limit their large-scale practical applications.Rare earth elements,known as industrial vitamins,are widely used in various fields due to their special redox properties,oxygen affinity and electronic structure.Therefore,the construction of rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides is of far-reaching significance for the development of catalysts.Here,we review the applications of various rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides in energy storage and conversion in recent years,which focuses on three ways in rare earth promoted transition metal sulfide,including doping,interfacial modification engineering and structural facilitation.As well,these materials are used in electrochemical reactions such as OER,HER,ORR,CO_(2)RR,and so on,in order to explore the important role of rare earth in the field of electrocatalysis,the future challenges and opportunities.

Rare earth element-modified MOF materials:synthesis and photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation

Metal-organic framework-like materials(MOFs)have been developed in the fields of photocatalysis for their excellent optical properties and physicochemical properties,including environmental remediation,CO_(2)photoreduction,water splitting,and so on.With their important roles in various fields,rare earth elements have received growing interests from scientists.Modifying MOFs with rare earth elements for modification allows broadening the absorption spectrum,while the active electrons on their empty 4f orbitals can act as traps to capture photoexcited carriers to inhibit the recombination of electron-hole pairs,thus promoting photocatalytic activity.Therefore,rare earth elements modified MOFs provide an attractive way to achieve their high value utilization.In this mini-review,the synthesis of rare earth element-modified MOFs photocatalysts and corresponding applications in the removal of antibiotics,CO_(2)reduction,and hydrogen production are constructively summarized and discussed.Finally,the latest advancements and current difficulties of these materials as well as the application prospects are also provided.

UiO-66-NH_(2)/wood的设计构筑及高效去除水中微量重金属离子性能

矿山开采、金属冶炼、新型金属材料的发展以及城市供水系统老化所造成的重金属(铅、镉、汞、砷、铬、铜及锌等)污染问题已日趋严重.传统的水处理方法很难有效地去除低浓度的重金属污染物.本文以天然木材为载体,采用溶剂热合成法,在木材三维孔道中原位合成UiO-66-NH_(2)金属有机框架材料(MOFs)纳米颗粒,制备了UiO-66-NH_(2)/wood复合膜材料.该复合膜材料对去除水中微量重金属离子(Hg^(2+),Cu^(2+))表现出优异的性能.当处理速率为1.1×10^(2)L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)时,该复合膜材料去除水中微量重金属离子的效率仍可达到90%以上,且处理后水中重金属离子含量低于国家饮用水标准.这可归因于木材本身独特的三维孔道结构,在提高水通量的同时,还可以增加水溶液中重金属离子与MOFs颗粒的接触机会,以及孔道内均匀分布的UiO-66-NH_(2)MOFs颗粒中的—NH_(2)可以与重金属离子通过配位作用相结合.该UiO-66-NH_(2)/wood复合膜材料还具有良好的重复利用性,在连续6次循环使用后其去除效率无明显变化,有望进行实际应用.

Effect of semi-continuous water washing on the combustion behaviors of agricultural organic solid waste

Combustion of agricultural organic solid waste(AOSW)was an ideal solution for their resource utilization in view of their massive annual production and great potential for reduction of fossil fuel utilization.However,high alkali and alkaline earth metals(AAEMs)content in the feedstock can arose severe fouling and slagging issues and thus prohibiting its vast utilization.In this study,a semi-continuous water washing method was proposed to preliminarily remove AAEMs from agricultural organic solid waste and its effects on the combustion behaviors of washed solid product were investigated.Results showed that the combustion index S were improved to 2.63×10-6,over 68%of the total ashes were removed from the cotton stalk,and 96.3%,89.0%and 74.7%of K,Na and Mg were effectively removed,respectively.Moreover,the softening temperature of low temperature ash from the washed sample was as high as 1450◦C,538◦C higher than the low temperature ash from the original sample;the base acid ratio and fouling index were improved from high slagging and fouling risk(1.7 and 90.8)of the original organic solid waste to low and medium risk(0.4 and 3.5),respectively.All these results signified the contributing effect of proposed semi-continuous water washing method on the combustion of agricultural organic solid waste.In a word,this study provided a promising method for fouling and slagging inhibition during the agricultural organic solid waste combustion.

铝合金金属型铸造用水基涂料研究

选用硅藻土、海泡石、高岭土、滑石粉作为复合耐火骨料,以水玻璃和快干硅溶胶作为复合粘结剂,海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为复合悬浮剂,采用正交试验法和极差分析法确定了铝合金金属型铸造用水基涂料中各组份的最优配比,通过对涂料各项性能进行测定和试验验证发现,所得的最佳配方涂料性能良好,能够应用于实际生产中。

国医大师韩明向基于“金水相生,培土生金”理论论治间质性肺疾病

间质性肺疾病是一组弥漫性肺实质浸润性疾病,其共同特征为炎症浸润、纤维化、细胞增殖等病理变化累及肺间质,目前西医对该病的治疗有一定的局限。间质性肺疾病属中医学“肺痿”范畴,为肺脏的慢性虚损性疾患。国医大师韩明向认为气阴两虚是本病的基本病机,贯穿疾病始终,其中气虚责之于肺脾肾,阴虚责之于肺胃肾。基于本病的基本病机及五行相生理论,韩教授喜用金水相生及培土生金法施治,补肺肾之气、滋肺肾之阴,或补脾肺之气、益肺胃之阴,从而达到益气养阴的目的,临床上取得了良好疗效。

MOFs耦合木材复合材料在环境修复方面应用研究进展

在中国积极倡导“绿水青山就是金山银山”的绿色发展理念下,开发高效、低成本、零污染的先进可循环污染物去除技术,对于实现“绿水青山”目标至关重要。然而,当前主流的污染物去除技术,如活性炭吸附、高级氧化、膜分离等,虽具备成本优势,却常伴随去除效率低、能耗高及二次污染等问题。在此背景下,以纳米材料为核心的环境纳米技术(涵盖吸附、催化、膜分离等领域)凭借其高效性和功能多样性,在环境修复领域引发了广泛关注。金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)作为一类由金属离子与有机配体构筑的、具有1~3维结构的多功能晶态材料,因其有序的孔道结构、丰富的化学组成及高比表面积,在环境修复领域展现出良好的应用前景。然而,MOFs的粉末形态及其固有的易碎性、不宜加工性及低相容性,限制了其在回收、成型等方面的应用,从而阻碍了其在实际场景中的广泛推广。生物质材料,特别是木材,因其种类丰富、成本低廉及天然的高孔隙率等特性,在环境修复领域备受青睐。木材的多维孔道结构、丰富的羟基/羧基官能团以及良好的加工性能,使其成为固定粉末状MOFs的理想载体。近年来,国内外学者利用木材的这些本征特性,将MOFs作为新型载体,引入功能化纳米粒子或非均相催化剂等活性组分,构建了一系列新型复合结构体系,这些体系在木材、纤维素、凝胶等生物质及其衍生物基复合材料的制备和生物质催化转化中展现出巨大潜力。本文系统阐述了MOFs与木材的耦合策略,包括混合浸泡法、真空浸渍法、溶剂热法及原位生长法等,并深入解析了MOFs负载于木材表面形成MOFs/木材复合材料的机理,如物理吸附、润湿作用、毛细现象及构造成核位点等。同时,梳理并总结了当前MOFs材料在生物质及其衍生化学品领域的研究进展,重点讨论了MOFs/木材复合材料在气相污染物吸附、重金属离子去除、有害颗粒物过滤及高级氧化等环境修复领域的应用现状,并阐明了MOFs微观结构设计与复合材料宏观性能之间的内在联系。最后,展望了MOFs/木材复合材料未来发展所面临的机遇与挑战,为构建面向环境实际应用的MOFs基复合材料提供了新视角,有望进一步推动其在环境修复领域的广泛应用。

CO_(2)强化水洗对生物炭脱灰影响及作用机理研究

本实验提出一种先炭化后CO_(2)强化水洗的脱灰方法,选用甘蔗渣考察了生物炭的制备温度、CO_(2)强化水洗温度及时间对脱灰效果的影响。结果表明,炭化温度升高,脱灰率呈先增加后降低的趋势,而水洗温度升高和时间的延长则趋势相反,对于300℃甘蔗渣炭,经40℃水洗4 h脱灰率可达57%。与炭化前水洗脱灰相比,先炭化后脱灰使甘蔗渣热解炭的固定碳含量和炭收率分别提高7%和3%。分析认为,在脱灰过程中,CO_(2)通入水中扩散溶解形成碳酸,与部分盐反应形成溶于水的盐类,K、Na和Ca脱除率超过50%,部分方解石、白云石被脱除。该过程较单独水洗显示出较高的脱灰率和普适性,但是脱灰率与生物炭的灰分组成和类型相关,对花生壳、杨木热解炭脱灰率均超过30%。

粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿山土壤和地表水重金属分布及风险评价

对粤北某离子吸附型稀土矿24个土壤样品中的As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg,以及15个地表水样品中的As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Mn、Pb和Zn进行了检测,并以多元统计分析与土壤潜在生态风险指数法、地表水健康风险评价模型相结合的方式,研究了重金属的分布特征及风险水平。结果表明:在土壤中,Mn、Zn、Cd和Pb的平均含量均超过了背景值;Mn、Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd和Zn在采区有较明显集聚,As、Pb和Hg的高含量分布相对均匀;Cr、Ni、Cu和Pb含量主要受区域背景影响,Zn、As、Cd和Hg含量与矿区人类活动关系密切,Mn含量受自然和人为因素共同控制;重金属造成的土壤潜在生态风险整体处于轻微水平,Ⅱ采区和Ⅶ采区生态风险较高;Cd和Hg是造成土壤生态危害的主要重金属元素。在地表水中,Mn的平均浓度超过了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)规定的限值,其余重金属的含量均满足该标准中的Ⅲ类水质要求;重金属浓度在靠近采区及位于河流中下游的位置偏高;Mn、Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu浓度受稀土开采影响较大,As、Hg浓度主要受自然因素影响;重金属产生的健康总风险(9.39×10^(-7)~1.01×10^(-6) a^(-1))低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的参考标准(5×10^(-5) a^(-1)),但儿童通过饮水途径受到的健康风险(1.01×10^(-6) a^(-1))略超过部分机构的推荐限值;Cd和As是地表水中产生健康风险的主要重金属元素。综上,研究区重金属污染风险管理的主要对象是Cd和Mn。

黄柳向教授运用“水寒土湿,木郁风生”理论治验举隅

清代名医黄元御法四圣经典(《黄帝内经》《难经》《伤寒论》《金匮要略》),在继承的基础上开创性地提出“一气周流,土枢四象”的学术思想及其独特的“水寒土湿木郁”辨证思路。中气斡旋,脾升胃降,左木火升发,右金水敛降,从而形成周流不息的运动状态。但肾水易寒,脾土易湿,肝木易郁,气机失调,百病由生。黄柳向教授基于“水寒土湿,木郁风生”理论活用柴胡桂枝干姜汤合当归芍药散治疗多种脾胃病及其他内科杂病,疗效显著。

江西稀土矿区环境稀土含量调查

目的了解低稀土环境对健康的影响。方法分别采集稀土矿区和非矿区附近地区有代表性的水、土壤和蔬菜样品 ,用电感藕合等离子体质谱仪 (ICP_MS)测定镧等15种稀土元素的含量。结果稀土矿区附近农村井水的总稀土含量为9.18μg/L ,土壤为869.73μg/g ,蔬菜为6370.35ng/g(干重 )。非矿区环境的稀土含量均低于矿区。结论居住在稀土矿区的人群 。

《黄帝内经》木火土金水首见词义辨析

《黄帝内经》(简称《内经》)是我国医学宝库中现存成书最早的一部医学典籍,是中医学的奠基之作,不仅丰富了医学应用词汇,而且增加了木、火、土、金、水的新词义分别为肝、心、脾、肺、肾,填补了这五个词义的空白。

变换催化剂研究进展

烃类化合物的水蒸汽重整与水煤气变换反应(简称变换反应)组合是廉价制取氢气的主要方式。经过80多年的研究和实践,工业化的变换催化剂已基本定型。近年来由于燃料电池技术的飞速发展,有关变换催化剂的研究与开发又重新引起人们的兴趣与关注。本文在总结传统变换催化剂研究进展情况的基础上,重点介绍了以燃料电池应用为目的变换催化剂的研究进展。总结表明,“(贵)金属 载体”型双功能催化剂已经成为变换催化剂的主要研究方向。(贵)金属和载体种类、制备方法和条件等对催化剂粒径分布、体相织构、表面性质和活性等都有很大影响。虽然与传统变换催化剂相比,“(贵)金属 载体”型双功能变换催化剂体现了更优良的性能,但与燃料电池商业化应用的要求还有一定的差距。

从古代阴阳五行宇宙观看先秦至汉初五音与十二律生律法的思想根源

先秦至汉初关于五音与十二律的记载,有《管子》、《国语》、《吕氏春秋》、《放马滩秦简》、《礼记月令》、《淮南子》、《汉书》等文献,而其中有关三分损益法的最为典型的材料要数《管子》记载的五音与《吕氏春秋》记载的十二律。从上述系列文献中可见先秦至汉初五声、十二律的生律法与古代先民的阴阳五行宇宙观相联系,并有其系统、深厚的思想基础。本文将本着以"古人的思想研究古代"的宗旨,依据已有的古代哲学研究成果,探寻五声、十二律生律法的思想依据,为古代乐律文献的解读提供一个可以尝试的思维方法。

稀土复合磷酸盐无机抗菌材料对陶瓷活化水性能的影响

将稀土复合磷酸盐无机抗菌材料添加到陶瓷釉浆中制备具有活化水功能的抗菌陶瓷制品。用核磁共振技术(NMR)以及溶解氧测试技术研究添加稀土复合磷酸盐无机抗菌材料对陶瓷活化水性能影响机制,以及活化水功能陶瓷制品对植物种子发芽性能的影响。结果表明:添加稀土复合磷酸盐无机抗菌材料制备的抗菌陶瓷制品可使自来水的17O NMR半峰宽由115 36Hz降低到99 15Hz;提高水中溶氧量20%;蚕豆和花生种子4天发芽率可分别提高12 5%和7 5%。稀土复合磷酸盐无机抗菌材料具有增加陶瓷制品活化自来水性能、降低水分子缔合度,促进植物种子发芽的功能。

从笙磬、颂磬看古代中国音乐文化

运用文化语言学的理论方法,利用历史文献、考古出土文物,阐释古文献里编磬中笙磬、颂磐的观念,并分析其所承载的音乐文化。古磬最初是单一的特磬,逐步发展为编磬,西周、春秋战国时期成为祭祀活动中的庙堂之乐;战国时期,不晚于汉朝进一步成为雅颂之声的载体,至今仍是佛教寺庙祭祀活动中不可或缺的法器和宗教乐器。

β-成核剂对聚丙烯/木粉复合材料结晶与力学性能的影响

通过挤出成型法制备聚丙烯/木粉复合材料(PP/WF),添加一种镧系稀土金属络合物(WBG)成核剂诱导PP/WF复合材料中等规聚丙烯(iPP)形成β晶型。以差示扫描量热和X射线衍射为表征方法,分析成核剂对PP/WF结晶行为的作用,进而研究其对力学性能的影响。结果表明,WBG成核剂能有效地诱导PP/WF产生β-iPP结晶,当WBG的添加量为m(WBG)/m(PP)=0.3/100时其产生的β晶相对含量达到78.75%,β-iPP的相对含量还与PP/WF的冷却速率密切相关;添加WBG提高了复合材料中iPP的结晶温度;WBG成核剂能显著改善复合材料的冲击韧性,但对弯曲和拉伸性能略有不利影响。