Oxidative Potential of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles in Coal Fly Ash Generated from Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

The overwhelming magnitude of coal-fired power plants has caused an inevitable release of metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs)into the atmosphere,which may be inhaled into the respiratory system and cause oxidative stress.In this study,MNPs and oxidative potential(OP)were analyzed in<1μm fractions of 56 coal fly ashes collected from Chinese CFPPs.The particle number concentrations(PNCs)of Fe-and Ti-containing NPs,as the dominant MNPs in CFAs,were in the range of 1.5×10^(9)to 9.4×10^(10)and 6.4×10^(8)to 4.1×10^(10)particles/mg,with average particle sizes of 87 and 89 nm,respectively.Average OP values of<1μm fractions were 1.4−2.2 nmol AA min^(−1)μg^(−1)for three simulated lung fluids,which were 2−3 orders of magnitude higher than those of urban atmospheric PM_(2.5).According to structural equation model analysis,metal concentrations in<1μm fractions,PNCs of Fe-/Ti-containing NPs,and their corresponding dissolved Fe/Ti(including NPs with minute sizes)can regulate OP of<1μm fractions in CFAs.Elevated PNCs of MNPs in CFAs can be produced by CFPPs burning low-rank coals and with a low combustion efficiency boiler(e.g.,circulating fluidized-bed boiler).Once entering lung fluids,they likely release more dissolved metals or tiny corresponding NPs,thus generating greater OP.This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of OP generated by MNPs in CFAs.

Metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives: State-of-the-art and future development

This review focuses on the effect of metal-containing nanomaterials on tribological performance in oil lubrication. The basic data on nanolubricants based on nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocomposities, and rare-earth compounds are generalized. The influence of nanoparticle size, morphology, surface functionalization, and concentration on friction and wear is analyzed. The lubrication mechanisms of nanolubricants are discussed. The problems and prospects for the development of metal-containing nanomaterials as lubricant additives are considered. The bibliography includes articles published during the last five years.

Solid-state NMR for metal-containing zeolites:from active sites to reaction mechanism

Metal-containing zeolite catalysts have found a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis.To understand the nature of metal active sites and the reaction mechanism over such catalysts is of great importance for the establishment of structure-activity relationship.The advanced solid-state NMR(SSNMR)spectroscopy is robust in the study of zeolites and zeolite-catalyzed reactions.In this review,we summarize recent developments and applications of SSNMR for exploring the structure and property of active sites in metal-containing zeolites.Moreover,detailed information on host-guest interactions in the relevant zeolite catalysis obtained by SSNMR is also discussed.Finally,we highlight the mechanistic understanding of catalytic reactions on metal-containing zeolites based on the observation of key surface species and active intermediates.

Chiral metal-containing ionic liquid:Synthesis and applications in the enantioselective cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides

A series of novel chiral metal-containing ionic liquids (CMILs) consisting of the cation of crown ether-chelated potassium/ sodium and the anion of chiral amino acids were designed and synthesized. These new CMILs were used to catalyze the enantioselective cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide incorporating with the salenCo(OOCCC13) to generate corresponding chiral cyclic carbonates under mild conditions. These new catalysts can be recycled at least five times without significant loss of activity and enantioselectivity.

Electronic Structures and Conductivities of Fullerene C_(60) and Metal-containing Fullerenes MC_(60) (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

It has been reported recently that the solids KxC60 and RbxC60 （x=1→5） are conductors. If x=0 and 6, they are insulators, and if x=3, they have the largest conductivities. When the temperatures go down to 18K for solid KxC60 and 28K for solid RbxC60, they are transferred into superconductors. These results are very interesting. Solids KxC60 and RbxC60 are very unstable when being exposed to air, so for practical purposes, it had better be synthesized to the metal-containing fullerenes MC60 in which the metal atom M is at the center of C60. It has been known for some years

铕配合物与苯乙烯共聚物的研究(英文)

将具有聚合活性的稀土铕有机配合物Eu3+(BA)2(AA)(phen)与苯乙烯共聚得到一种半透明且发光强度高的稀土高分子光致发光材料,通过凝胶色谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱对其结构进行表征,证实是共聚物,而不是共混掺杂。通过荧光光谱分析说明只要引入少量的稀土配合物单体,共聚物就表现出配合物单体的强紫外吸收特性,并发射出Eu3+的特征荧光。热分析则表明共聚物引入稀土配合物基团后,其热稳定性得到了提高,而稀土配合物键合到大分子链后其结构单元热稳定性也得到相应的提高。

Comparative Toxicity of Nanomaterials to Air-blood Barrier Permeability Using an In Vitro Model

Objective To comparatively study the toxicity of four metal-containing nanoparticles(MNPs) and their chemical counterparts to the air-blood barrier(ABB) permeability using an in vitro model.Methods ABB model, which was developed via the co-culturing of A549 and pulmonary capillary endothelium, was exposed to spherical CuO-NPs(divided into CuO-40, CuO-80, and CuO-100 based on particle size), nano-Al2O3(sheet and short-rod-shaped), nano-ZnO, nano-Pb S, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(CH3COO)2, and Pb(NO3)2 for 60 min.Every 10 min following exposure, the cumulative cleared volume(ΔTCL) of Lucifer yellow by the model was calculated.A clearance curve was established using linear regression analysis of ΔTCL versus time.Permeability coefficient(P) was calculated based on the slope of the curve to represent the degree of change in the ABB permeability.Results The results found the increased P values of CuO-40, CuO-80, sheet, and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, and Pb(NO3)2.Among them, small CuO-40 and CuO-80 were stronger than CuO-100 and CuSO4;no difference was observed between Al2(SO4)3 and sheet and short-rod-shaped nano-Al2O3;and nano-Pb S was slightly weaker than Pb(NO3)2.So clearly the MNPs possess diverse toxicity.Conclusion ABB permeability abnormality means pulmonary toxicity potential.More studies are warranted to understand MNPs toxicity and ultimately control the health hazards.

Coordination Interaction between Rare Earth and/or Transition Metal Centers and Thiophene Series Oligomer Derivatives in Ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett Films

It has been shown by thermodynamic and electro-chemical methods that coordination interactions are involved in the process of incorporation of rare-earth elements and/or Fe into Langmuir monolayers of oligomer with alkyl fragment. A coordination mechanism, which is responsible for self-organization of octahedral Fe(II)-complexes of nano-cyclic ligands obtained from oligomer of thiophene pyrrole series derivatives in compressed Langmuir monolayers has been proposed. It has been established that a coordinational-polymeric hexagonal network of nano-cyclic ligands with metal centers is formed at the phase transition when compressing the Langmuir monolayers of thiophene pyrrole series oligomer with alkyl fragment on surface of subphase with rare-earth (Sm, Er, Ce) and/or Fe ions.

Two-stage treatment process of pickling wastewater in the cold-rolling production of stainless steel

Based on the characteristics of pickling wastewater in the cold-rolling production of stainless steel, a new processing route, featuring source sludge reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, heavy metal-contained sludge and calcium salt sludge separating recovery, was proposed. As shown by the research results, after the two-stage process treatment, the effluent water can steadily reach the emission standards, the sludge yield can be decreased by more than 8% ; within the heavy metal-contained sludge, the recovery rates of Fc,Cr and Ni can either reach or surpass 95% ,and the total content ofF and S can drop to around 3%. Therefore,the sludge in the front part can be used as ferric dust. In the calcium salt sludge ,the recovery rate of F can either reach or surpass 85% ,and the total contents of Fe,Cr and Ni can fall below 0.5%. So the sludge in the rear part can be used as fluorgypsum or fluorite. Meanwhile,the results of the analysis on heavy metals leaching toxicity and morphologic distribution indicate that the two kinds of sectionalized sludge are not classified as hazardous wastes, which have a stable behavior and better utilization values compared with the former mixed- sludge.

Wet-chemical synthesis and applications of amorphous metalcontaining nanomaterials

In the past decades,metal-containing nanomaterials have attracted increasing interests owing to their intriguing physicochemical properties and various promising applications.Recent research has revealed that the phase of metal-containing nanomaterials could significantly affect their properties and functions.In particular,nanomaterials with amorphous phase,which possess long-range disordered atomic arrangements,and the amorphous/crystalline heterophase nanostructures comprised of both amorphous and crystalline phases,have exhibited superior performance in various applications,e.g.,catalysis and energy storage.In this review,a brief overview of the recent progress on the wet-chemical synthesis and applications of amorphous and amorphous/crystalline heterophase metal-containing nanomaterials has been provided.Subsequently,on the basis of different categories of metal-containing nanomaterials,including metals,metal alloys,and metal compounds,their synthetic routes and promising applications will be highlighted.Finally,current challenges and some personal perspectives in this emerging research field will be proposed.

Differentiating structure of in situ and ex situ formation of laser-induced graphene hybrids

Laser-induced graphene(LIG)has been exploited in various fields,such as batteries,water treatment,and flexible actuators and sensors,with the advantages of ease in patternable fabrication and graphene/metal hybrid preparation.The in situ method which includes a single lase step and the ex situ method which uses two lase steps are both widely implemented to synthesize graphene/metal hybrids.However,the differences in the structures and properties of the resulting hybrids are not fully understood.Here,we investigate the advantages of ex situ and in situ methods for preparing LIG hybrids using NiFe/LIG as an example.The morphology,elemental composition,resistance to strong acid,and application in electrocatalysis and dye adsorption of ex situ and in situ NiFe/LIG hybrids were systematically studied and compared.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS)and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM)results confirmed the structural differences between the NiFe/LIG hybrids.Metal nanoparticles are mostly wrapped by carbon layers in the in situ NiFe/LIG hybrid,while the ex situ NiFe/LIG hybrid largely exposes the metal nanoparticles.These structural differences are significant for tailoring performance in applications,such as wastewater treatment and electrocatalysis.This work provides insights into the synthesis and properties of LIGs and has important implications for future applications.