Adequate Advance Provided by a Familiar Fluid Dynamic Balance Principle to Tools and Techniques for Water Quality Interpretation: Experienced in Yaoundé(Cameroun) 2^ndSupply Dam

In a fluid (liquid or gas) at rest, the isobars are horizontal surface. This fluid dynamic balance theorem provides adequate advance to tools and techniques for Water Quality Interpretation. We deal in this paper, with an effective way of exploiting the familiar communicating containers’ principle. That formally consists on providing water samples from desired depths of rivers, oceans, retention dams, etc. The prevailing limiting factor to achieve this feat is the length of our sampling pipes named Mbane Bathymetric Tube (MBT) designed for this purpose when rivers or retention dams are very deep. Providing drinking water to urban growing populations is a challenge that no government can escape. Therefore, improving the tools and techniques for water quality interpretation is an adequate advance for drinking water managerial techniques because this allows the recovery of contaminated water which abounds on the earth by acquiring appropriate wastewater treatment stations. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a brief theoretical description of our designed sampling equipment to allow everyone who is going to use it to solve in advance problems brought by Archimedes’ pressure force when experiencing the sampling pipes. Archimedes’ pressure force acts mainly when moving the sampling pipes to water lower levels and then opening its protective cover which allows the communication with the supply dam.

Design Principles-Based Interactive Learning Tool for Solving Nonlinear Equations

Interactive learning tools can facilitate the learning process and increase student engagement,especially tools such as computer programs that are designed for human-computer interaction.Thus,this paper aims to help students learn five different methods for solving nonlinear equations using an interactive learning tool designed with common principles such as feedback,visibility,affordance,consistency,and constraints.It also compares these methods by the number of iterations and time required to display the result.This study helps students learn these methods using interactive learning tools instead of relying on traditional teaching methods.The tool is implemented using the MATLAB app and is evaluated through usability testing with two groups of users that are categorized by their level of experience with root-finding.Users with no knowledge in root-finding confirmed that they understood the root-finding concept when interacting with the designed tool.The positive results of the user evaluation showed that the tool can be recommended to other users.

Empirical Evidence for a Descriptive Model of Principles of Information Security Course

The purpose of this study is to examine the nature and content of the rapidly evolving undergraduate Principles of Information/Cybersecurity course which has been attracting an ever-growing attention in the computing discipline, for the past decade. More specifically, it is to provide an impetus for the design of standardized principles of Information/Cybersecurity course. To achieve this, a survey of colleges and universities that offer the course was conducted. Several schools of engineering and business, in universities and colleges across several countries were surveyed to generate necessary data. Effort was made to direct the questionnaire only to Computer Information System (CIS), Computer Science (CS), Management Information System (MIS), Information System (IS) and other computer-related departments. The study instrument consisted of two main parts: one part addressed the institutional demographic information, while the other focused on the relevant elements of the course. There are sixty-two (62) questionnaire items covering areas such as demographics, perception of the course, course content and coverage, teaching preferences, method of delivery and course technology deployed, assigned textbooks and associated resources, learner support, course assessments, as well as the licensure-based certifications. Several themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) the principles course is an integral part of most cybersecurity programs;(b) majority of the courses examined, stress both strong technical and hands-on skills;(c) encourage vendor-neutral certifications as a course exit characteristic;and (d) an end-of-course class project, remains a standard requirement for successful course completion. Overall, the study makes it clear that cybersecurity is a multilateral discipline, and refuses to be confined by context and content. It is envisaged that the results of this study would turn out to be instructive for all practical purposes. We expect it to be one of the most definitive descriptive models of such a cardinal course, and help to guide and actually, shape the decisions of universities and academic programs focusing on information/cyber security in the updating and upgrading their curricula, most especially, the foundational principles course in light of new findings that are herein articulated.

国际数据管理计划工具比较研究

采纳一定的标准,特别是以主流、用户量大的数据管理计划(DMP)工具作为代表,遴选出6种研究数据管理计划工具作为研究对象,结合实际试用、前人研究和专家访谈,从科研人员使用和体验视角采用综合性研究方法,厘清工具比较评估的核心要素,构建工具比较评估的三级指标体系,就基本功能、DMP模板内容、用户体验开展比较分析,研究结果呈现通用DMP工具的典型特性和未来发展趋势,供我国出台相关政策和研发工具借鉴参考。

The Principle of Square Hole Machining and It＇s Tooling Structure Design

In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and process with computer graphics parameters design. The results that, as long as the appropriate parameters, using the above method not only can punch the square hole, can also be processed triangle, the five angle and hexagonal regular polygon holes. The square hole processing method can provide theoretical basis and engineering reliable reference for related engineering and technical personnel.

大学生学习运用马克思主义基本原理的实践逻辑

马克思主义基本原理是对马克思主义基本立场、观点和方法的集中概括,是马克思主义在其形成、发展和运用过程中经过实践反复检验确立起来的具有普遍真理性的理论。马克思主义基本原理是提升大学生思想政治素质的关键课程,能够为青年成才成长提供思想滋养和指明正确方向。新时代大学生自觉学习和运用马克思主义理论就是在教与学的双向互动中,深刻把握马克思主义实践逻辑基础上,将马克思主义转化为自己分析问题解决问题的认识工具和行动指南,在改造自己的主观世界中,不断增强改造客观世界和服务社会发展的本领。

数控机床液压系统分析与装配工艺实践

研究机床液压系统的工作原理、完善液压元件的安装工艺是机床生产和使用单位从装配细节着手提高机床稳定性等综合性能的有效途径。文章以某知名国产品牌数控车床的液压系统为研究对象,分析了该产品液压系统的组成及控制回路的工作原理,并对液压元件通用装配工艺做出了详细的规范性技术要求。通过在机床生产与维修中的实践证明,此技术规范可提高机床装配质量和综合性能的稳定性,可为机床技术从业人员掌握机床液压系统的基本知识提供一定的参考,对正确安装、调试、使用、维护和维修机床有着重要的指导意义。

基于Cog Tool的数字界面交互行为认知模型仿真研究

目的确定人在视觉信息搜索中的通用认知模式,归纳符合用户认知模式的基本设计准则。方法在用户需求一致性的前提下,通过Cog Tool可视化仿真模型将用户交互过程中的每一步骤进行拆解分析,找出用户在面对不同界面引导作用下的内在认知规律,并探讨界面布局的不同对用户搜索用时的影响,同时结合眼动实验,对比用户在实际操作过程中与模拟操作情况下的认知差异。结果通过Cog Tool的仿真分析与眼动实验相结合的实验数值对比,将用户在交互过程中的内在认知规律提取出来。结论本研究提出的面向界面布局的设计准则,可帮助设计师提高信息认知效率。

Review of construction and demolition waste management tools and frameworks with the classification,causes,and impacts of the waste

This review looks over the current construction and demolition waste management(C&DWM)situations by scrutinizing the definition,classification,components,compositions,generated sources and causes,impacts of generated construction and demolition wastes(C&DWs),waste management hierarchy(WMH),3R principles(Reduce,Reuse,and Recycle),Circular Economy(CE),frameworks,tools,and approaches of C&DWM.After reviewing the literature this study contributes to the literature by the following means:(a)suitable working definitions of C&DW and C&DWM are provided,(b)an expanded WMH for construction and demolition operations is presented,(c)frameworks of C&DWM are identified and listed as follows:frameworks based on WMH,including 3R principles and CE concept,frameworks focusing on the quantification,estimation,and prediction of generated C&DW,frameworks focusing on effective and sustainable C&DWM,frameworks focusing economic,social,and environmental performance assessment,frameworks based on multi-criteria analysis(MCA),frameworks based on post-disaster recovery period,and other miscellaneous frameworks,and(d)four categories of tools utilized in C&DWM are identified and explained,namely,approaches employed in C&DWM,information technology(IT)tools employed in C&DWM,multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA)tools employed in C&DWM,and C&DWM technologies.Moreover,this study also found that CE,and green rating system(GRS)are widely used approaches,Building Information Modeling(BIM),Radio Frequency Identification(RFID),Geographic Information System,and Big Data are the extensively used IT tools,Analytical Hierarchy Process,FUZZY,TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution),Weighted Summation,Elimination and Choice Expressing the Reality II,Elimination and Choice Expressing the Reality III,Evaluation of Mixed Data,and REGIME(REG)are the widely used MCA tools in C&DWM,and Prefabricated Construction and Modular Construction are broadly used C&DWM technologies.Furthermore,it has been observed that the application of the Analytic Networking Process(ANP)and hybridization of ANP,FUZZY,and TOPSIS tools do not catch considerable attention in the literature for conducting MCA,although it yields more precise outcomes.Additionally,most previous research has focused on the estimation of generated C&DW,but less attention has been given to forecasting the generated C&DW due to inadequate available C&DW data.This review article also assists C&DWM practitioners,academics,stakeholders,and contractors in choosing appropriate frameworks and tools for C&DWM while managing C&DW.

美国高校应对和使用人工智能工具的策略与原则

ChatGPT的诞生是人工智能工具进入大众生活、学习和工作的里程碑,对高校管理、教学、科研和服务具有重要的影响。然而,高校也面临如何有效利用这些工具的挑战,包括教职工和学生缺乏人工智能及相关工具的认知与应用技能,以及信息安全、隐私保护、道德诚信等方面的问题。为了有效应对这些挑战,美国高校通过培训、会议研讨、网络信息传播、课程设置等策略,向教职工和学生普及人工智能工具的知识与技能,并讨论其存在的利弊和风险。同时,高校还制定了使用这些工具的原则、规定和指南,涵盖教学、科研及管理层面,帮助教职工和学生在学习、工作中规范地使用这些工具,规避风险,提升办学效能和教育质量,以满足人工智能时代的科学研究和劳动力市场对人才的需求。美国高校之所以迅速采取应对人工智能工具的行动,是因为其对新技术的强烈探索和实践愿望,希冀维持自治性和规范化以及学术自由的治理特征,注重构建多元化的科研和教学环境,确保教学内容、教学方法以及交叉学科的前沿性,增强未来社会发展所需劳动力的使命感。探讨这些策略和原则产生的原因对中国高校有效应对人工智能工具有借鉴意义,有助于我们思考改进治理效能、变革教学模式、培养未来引领全球发展的人才。

数控车床刀尖圆弧半径补偿的原理和应用

介绍数控系统的相对坐标系和绝对坐标系,提出数控系统的执行系统和刀具监视点,为数控车床实现刀尖圆弧半径补偿进行理论铺垫。通过图示说明在没有刀尖圆弧半径补偿时,加工锥面、圆弧面、曲面时会存在偏差。对此,提出两种数控车床刀尖圆弧半径补偿方法,分别为直接补偿法和轮廓轨迹偏移补偿法。对比两种补偿方法,并给出轮廓轨迹偏移补偿法在数控系统中的实现过程。

FANUC 0i-MF数控机床冷却系统PMC程序设计

针对FANUC 0i-MF数控机床冷却系统的控制需求,结合冷却系统组成与电气原理,该文分析该冷却控制系统的工作原理。同时针对机床冷却系统控制的2种方式,分别介绍其PMC程序的编制方法,通过程序调试,验证冷却功能控制的正确性。

活塞连杆式电锤传动机构分析

电锤是一种高速旋转的电动工具,广泛应用于建筑、装修、木工等领域。电锤的工作原理主要依赖于其内部的传动机构,该机构在带动钻头进行旋转运动的同时,产生一个方向垂直于轴线的往复锤击运动。这种工作方式使得电锤能够在混凝土、砖墙和石材等硬性材料上进行高效的钻孔和锤击作业。介绍活塞连杆式电锤传动结构和冲击运动过程,以及气缸、撞锤、偏心轴、排气孔、补气孔等设计对电锤冲击动能的影响。

“金属切削原理与刀具”课程教学改革研究

随着民办应用型本科的飞速发展,“金属切削原理与刀具”作为机械专业应用性很强的核心课程,必须与时俱进,进行教学改革。文章根据机械加工行业对于加工型人才的需要特点,结合“金属切削原理与刀具”课程的自身特点,总结现有教学过程中存在的问题,主要包含课程讲授、实践、考核方式等方面,提出一些改革教学模式的方案,主要是在授课方式、授课模式,课程评价体系进行完善,针对提出的教学方案进行教学案例分析。

Long Term Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Calibration from an Ecohydrology Perspective

The performance on prediction by mathematical models which represent the conceived image of a system such as hydrology is oftentimes represented through calibration and verification processes. Oftentimes a best fit between observed and predicted flows is obtained through correlation coefficient (R2) and the Nash Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) by minimizing the average Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the observed versus simulated flows. However, these days, a new paradigm is emerging wherein accounting for the flow variability for the protection of freshwater biodiversity and maintenance of goods and services that rivers provide is paramount. Therefore, from an ecohydrology perspective, it is not clear if the existing method of model calibration meets the needs of the riverine ecosystem at its best. Thus, this study investigates and proposes a methodology using entropy theory to gage the calibration of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) from an ecohydrology perspective characterized by the natural flow-regime paradigm: Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration.

Edge preparation methods for cutting tools:a review

Edge preparation can remove cutting edge defects,such as burrs,chippings,and grinding marks,generated in the grinding process and improve the cutting performance and service life of tools.Various edge preparation methods have been proposed for different tool matrix materials,geometries,and application requirements.This study presents a scientific and systematic review of the development of tool edge preparation technology and provides ideas for its future development.First,typical edge characterization methods,which associate the microgeometric characteristics of the cutting edge with cutting performance,are briefly introduced.Then,edge preparation methods for cutting tools,in which materials at the cutting edge area are removed to decrease defects and obtain a suitable microgeometry of the cutting edge for machining,are discussed.New edge preparation methods are explored on the basis of existing processing technologies,and the principles,advantages,and limitations of these methods are systematically summarized and analyzed.Edge preparation methods are classified into two categories:mechanical processing methods and nontraditional processing methods.These methods are compared from the aspects of edge consistency,surface quality,efficiency,processing difficulty,machining cost,and general availability.In this manner,a more intuitive understanding of the characteristics can be gained.Finally,the future development direction of tool edge preparation technology is prospected.

FAIR原则评估指标与评估工具研究

FAIR原则自发布以来引发国际社会的广泛关注,一些机构和项目制定FAIR评估指标、开发FAIR评估工具。对这些评估指标和工具进行调研,揭示FAIR评估发展的现状,总结经验,以促进FAIR原则的发展。采用文献研究、网络调研的方法,介绍FAIR原则的发展背景,并针对研究数据联盟、FAIRsFAIR、欧洲开放科学云提出的FAIR评估指标体系进行对比和分析,此外还介绍目前国际上主要的评估工具类型、原理及评价维度。研究结果显示:相较于其他组织,欧盟更为积极主动地推动FAIR评估;当前主要的评估指标和评估工具存在认知差异,但对于FAIR的落地起到一定的积极作用;目前FAIR评估体系需提高标准化水平、与可信认证体系紧密结合、积极融入国际环境、结合社区的发展需求与特点开展互动,并与更多类型的科研成果管理模式结合。

中国视角下风险预防方法在《BBNJ协定》中的适用

2023年,《〈联合国海洋法公约〉下国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》(以下简称“《BBNJ协定》”)通过。风险预防方法相对于风险预防原则具有灵活度高、法律性质明晰、符合可持续发展理念等特点。风险预防方法适用于《BBNJ协定》,可以指导各国在存在科学不确定性的情况下养护与可持续利用海洋生物多样性。《BBNJ协定》在“一般原则和方法”中强调了风险预防原则或方法的适用。划区管理工具的提案、紧急措施、监测和审查等条款涉及到风险预防方法的应用。环境影响评价的门槛、决策、监测授权活动的影响等条款也体现了风险预防方法。中国支持风险预防方法在《BBNJ协定》中的适用,并为相关具体条款的制定做出了贡献。

提升阀控铅酸蓄电池内化成一次容检合格率的方法

为提升阀控铅酸蓄电池12 V 6 Ah内化成一次容检合格率,启动六西格玛改善绿带项目,通过漏斗工具、SMART原则、宏观流程图、价值流图、卡洛模型、卡方分析等,找出关键因子,并用DOE实验对关键因子进行验证。收集最优因子条件,将12 V 6 Ah内化成一次容检合格率由94.88%提升至99.5%以上。

井下节流工艺技术在气田开发中的应用

介绍了井下节流工艺原理、节流工具的技术指标、适用范围以及在川渝气田中的应用情况,结果表明,井下节流能控制气井产量,取消单井地面水套加热炉,节约加热用气,减少井岗管理人员,降低集气支线管线压力等级,达到降低气井开采成本之目的,具有明显的技术经济和社会效益。