The mechanism study on annealing embrittlement of Al_(88)Ce_2Ni_9Fe_1 metallic glass

The mechanism of annealing embrittlement of Al88Ce2Ni9Fe1 metallic glass is studied by using SAXS. For this alloy the activation energy for embrittlement, Eb=(160±10) kJ·mol-1 is obtained It approaches the value of the activation energy for crystallization, Ec= (170± 10} kJ·mol-1 . The significant change in SAXS intensity is observed as the sample transformed from the ductile to the brittle state. About 0. 1 volume fraction of Al crystalline particle and 60 m2/cm3 of specific inner surface between crystalline and amorphous phase appear as the sam ple transformed from the ductile to the brittle state. The annealing embrittlement is caused by crystallization of this alloy.

Immunoassay utilizing biochemistry reaction product via surface-enhanced Raman scattering in near field

We propose here a kind of applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to immunology. It is a new enzyme immunoassay based on SERS. In the proposed system, antibody immobilized on a solid substrate reacts with antigen, which binds with another antibody labeled with peroxidase. If this immunocomplex is subjected to reaction with o-phenylenediamine and hydrogenperoxide, azoaniline is generated. This azo compound is ad-sorbed on a silver colloid and only the azo compound gives a strong surface-enhanced reso-nance Raman (SERRS) spectrum. A linear relationship was observed between the peak intensity of the N=N stretching band and the concentration of antigen, revealing that one can determine the concentration of antigen by the SERRS measurement of the reaction product. The detection limit of this SERS enzyme immunoassay method was found to be about 10?15 mol/L.

Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)在土壤电场中的极化对黑土胶体凝聚的影响

金属离子在土壤胶体固-液界面上的行为差异引起土壤胶体絮凝过程的差异,并深刻影响土壤溶液中养分或污染物的迁移转化。为明确Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)两种金属离子界面行为对土壤胶体凝聚的影响,本文选取黑土胶体为研究对象,利用动态/静态光散射技术研究专性吸附离子Cu和Zn体系中不同离子浓度条件下黑土胶体的凝聚行为。结果表明:(1)Cu^(2+)和Zn^(2+)两种金属离子引发黑土胶体凝聚的机制相似,均是低浓度下的慢速凝聚和高浓度下的快速凝聚,达到快速凝聚机制后,胶体的总体平均凝聚速率受离子种类影响较小。(2)Cu^(2+)对黑土胶体聚沉能力大于Zn^(2+),Zn^(2+)的临界聚沉浓度是Cu^(2+)的3.51倍,在黑土胶体的凝聚过程中存在强烈的离子特异性效应。(3)两种离子体系中颗粒间相互作用的活化能差异随离子浓度的降低而增大。此两种离子在凝聚作用的较大差异性源于Cu^(2+)较Zn^(2+)对有机配位体有较强的亲和力,以及黑土胶体表面附近强电场对离子的强烈极化作用扩大了两种离子本身的微小差异。

KCL：K晶体中碱金属胶团的光散射与谇火处理的关系

本文报道的工作中，利用准弹性光散射的方法研究了ＫＣＬ：Ｋ晶体中金属胶团的行为和性质。得到了有关淬火过程中，金属胶团随着淬火温度及淬火时间的变化规律，确认为文献中报道的光吸收结果。此外通过对淬火过程中金属胶团光散射情况的实时监测，给出了金属胶团随着淬火过程而变化的详细的物理图象。