Petrology,Geochemistry and Nd-Sr-Pb Isotopic Properties of Volcanic Rocks in Daheishan Island,Penglai,Shandong Province

The major elements, trace elements. K-Ar age and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopie systems ofthe Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Daheishan Island and Cishan, Penglai, Shandong Province aremeasured. The volcanic rocks ( olivine-nephelinite and nephcline-basanite ) in Daheishan Islanderupted periodically in an interval of 0.32 Ma, from 8.72 Ma. 8.39 Ma. 8.08 Ma to 7.73 Ma. Thevolcanic rocks arc all rich in light REEs. They are similar to the OIB-type alkali basalt in thetrace elements normalized model by primordial mantle: rich in high field elements such as Nb and Ta,and imcompatible elements such as Cs. Rb, Ba, Th. U. The volcanic rocks show a depletion of K andRb elements. It is suggested by the trace elements that the olivine-nephelinite in Daheishan Islandis originated from deep resources under the continental mantle. ε Nd (0) values of the volcanicrocks in Daheishan Island and Cishan are 5.31～8.51 and 7.33 respectively, suggesting that thevolcanic rocks are from the depleted mantle resources, which have higher Sm/Nd ratios than the CHUR.^(143)Nd /^(144)Nd ratios ot Daheishan Island olivine-nephelinite and Cishan alkali basalts are0.512 910～0.513 074 and 0.513 014 respectively. The ^(87)Sr /^(86)Sr of Daheishan Island volcanicrocks are lower than that of Cishan, 0.703 427 ～0.703 482 and 0.703 895 respectively. The DaheishanIsland olivine-nephelinite has the Pb isotopie values as follows: ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb= 18.028 9～17.972 8. ^(207)Pb / ^(204)Pb = 15.435 8 ～15.402 2 and ^(208)Pb /^(204)Pb = 38.087 6～37.997 5.lower than those of Cishan basanite. The Cishan basanite has ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb= 18.240 1. ^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb= 15.564 5 and ^(208)Pb /^(204)Pb = 38.535. The authors suggest that theolivine-nephelinite in Daheishan Island is similar to the E-type MORB or Hawaii OIB, and the alkalibasalts in Cishan similar to the Kerguelen OIB. The dominant mantle components of DM+PREMA andperhaps DM ( Dupal type ) are the dominant mantle components for volcanic rocks in Daheishan Islandand Cishan. The PREMA component plays an important role.

Composition of plagioclases in volcanic rocks of King George Island, Antarctica with reference to the petrogenetic significance

Plagioclases occur mainly as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. In basaltic andesites and andesites of Keller Peninsula and Ullman Spur (Admiralty Bay), they are high structure state labradorite andesines; and in high Al basalts and basaltic andesites of Barton and Weaver peninsulas (Maxwell Bay), they are high structure state bytownite anorthites.∑[WT9.BZ]REE, La/Yb ratios and δEu values of plagioclases from Admiralty Bay are higher than those from Maxwell Bay. All plagioclases have rather identical chondrite normalized transitional element distribution patterns, probably reflecting that crystal structure rather than composition of plagioclase controls their diversity. Compositions of plagioclases depend chiefly on those of their host rocks, compositional differences of plagioclases reveal that basaltic magmas in the Admiralty Bay area are more evolved than in the Maxwell Bay area.

Newly developed evidence for the original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt

This paper re-describes the characteristics of pre-Ordovician (Pt3) metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Huimin-Manlai region of Yunnan Province from the aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, lead isotopes and geotectonic setting. The metamorphic volcanic rocks maintain blasto-intergranular and blasto-andesitic textures; the volcanic rocks are characterized by a basalt-andesite-dacite assemblage; the volcanic rocks are basic-intermediate-intermediate-acid in chemical composition, belonging to semi-alkaline rocks, with calc-alkaline series and tholeiite series coexisting, and they are characterized by low TiO2 contents; their REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment right-inclined type; the volcanic rocks are enriched in large cation elements and commonly enriched in Th and partly depleted in Ti, Cr and P, belonging to the Gondwana type as viewed from their Pb isotopic composition; petrochemically the data points fall mostly within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks. All these characteristics provided new evidence for the existence of original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the region studied.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE（e.g. Th, U, Pb and La） and depletion of HFSE（e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf）. Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr（0.703457 to 0.708218） and εNd（t）（-2 to 5.8） indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd（t） diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf（t） values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores（2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma）. The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.

Implications of ε_(Nd) -La/ Nb, Ba/Nb, Nb/Th Diagrams to Mantle Heterogeneity─Classification of Island-arc Basalts and Decomposition of EMII Component

A group of εNd-La/Nb, Ba/Nb, Nb/Th diagrams are used to study mantleheterogeneity. Island-arc basalts (IAB) are distributed in a triangle of these diagrams.Three end-member components (the MORB-type depleted mantle, the fiuid released fromsubducted oceanic crust and the sediments from the continental crust) of the source ofIAB may be displayed in these diagrams. Two types of IAB are identified. They areof the two-component type (with little continental sediments), such as the basalts fromAleutians and New Britain, and the three-component type, such as those from Sunda,Lesser Antilles and Andes. In addition, the EMII type mantle-derived rocks may alsobe divided into two groups. One is exemplifled by continental flood basalts and someperidotite xenoliths, similar to IAB, with high La/Nb and Ba/Nb and low Nb/Th ratios.The other includes the Samoa-type oceanic island basalts, with low La/Nb and Ba/Nband high Nb/Th ratios. The corresponding two sub-components of EMII are EMIIM,which is related to the metasomatism of lithosphere mantle by fluids released from thesubducted oceanic crust, and EMIISR, related to the intervention of recycling continentalsediments into the convective mantle.

西准噶尔南部晚石炭世中-酸性火山岩成因机制及其对准噶尔洋闭合时限的约束

西准噶尔地区广泛分布石炭纪岩浆岩类,了解它们的成因和形成机制可为揭示准噶尔洋盆晚古生代构造格局和发展演化以及约束古大洋闭合时限提供重要依据。本文报道了西准噶尔南部哈拉阿拉特山地区晚石炭世中酸性火山岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学以及地球化学特征。岩石学研究表明其岩性主要为安山岩、英安质安山岩、流纹英安斑岩和流纹岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明哈拉阿拉特山地区中酸性火山岩年龄为308~305 Ma,为晚石炭世中晚期。中酸性火山岩均相对富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,富钠贫钾,属于低钾拉斑中钾钙碱性系列岛弧火山岩。其中安山岩和英安质安山岩具有较高SiO_(2)(56.15%~66.13%)、Al_(2)O_(3)(16.03%~17.94%)、Na_(2)O(3.44%~5.59%)、Sr((364~576)×10^(-6))含量和Na_(2)O/K_(2)O(3.20~6.40)、Sr/Y(33.5~55.6)比值,贫MgO(1.59%~2.68%)、Y((10.0~16.0)×10^(-6))和Yb((1.08~1.83)×10^(-6))的特征,并且具有Eu正异常(δEu=1.09~1.22),属于典型的埃达克岩,是经俯冲的洋壳板片在石榴角闪岩相发生部分熔融而成,且熔融产生的埃达克质熔体在上升过程中未与上覆地幔橄榄岩发生明显交代作用;流纹岩和流纹英安斑岩具有高的SiO_(2)(69.59%~75.03%)和全碱(w(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)=7.81%~8.89%)、极低的TFe 2O 3(0.94%~1.57%)和MgO(0.12%~0.97%)含量以及弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.63~1.00)等特征,为准铝质I型流纹岩,是下地壳镁铁质岩石部分熔融的产物,很可能有少量幔源岩浆混入。综合本文数据并结合研究区大量前人已发表的岩浆岩类研究成果,认为西准噶尔南部地区在晚石炭世中晚期仍处于岛弧弧后盆地演化体系,准噶尔洋的闭合时限可能至少推迟至早二叠世早期之后。

新疆北部卡拉麦里地区石炭纪火山岩成因及其构造意义

新疆北部卡拉麦里地区石炭系广泛发育安山岩、凝灰岩等火山岩,关于其形成的构造背景仍存在争议。选取卡拉麦里山2条典型的石炭系剖面,针对下石炭统姜巴斯套组、上石炭统巴山组和弧形梁组的安山岩、凝灰岩等岩石样品开展了镜下观察和主微量元素等测试分析。结果表明,样品具有较低-中等的MgO含量(0.5%~2.35%)和低-中等的Mg#(15.7%~42.5%),说明岩石样品在形成过程中发生了结晶分异作用。岩石样品的微量元素分布曲线与N-MORB、E-MORB和OIB存在明显差异,在Ta/Yb-Th/Yb图和La-Y-Nb图中岩石样品几乎全投在钙碱性系列区域中,在Nb/Yb-La/Yb图中全部落入俯冲组分范围并靠近地幔区。在Nb/Y-Rb/Y和Ba/La-Ba/Nb图中,表明样品受到过流体富集和熔体富集的影响。样品的Nb/U和Ce/Pb值分别为1.6~11.1和0.47~12.2,很接近大陆地壳的范围,指示物质来源可能有大陆地壳物质的混染。Th-Hf/3-Nb/16图投点指示所有样品均属于岛弧玄武岩范畴。综合分析表明,卡拉麦里地区从早石炭世到晚石炭世均处于活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧环境,且这种环境至少从早石炭世一直延续到了晚石炭世。

北秦岭二郎坪群抱树坪组沉积时代与构造环境

二郎坪群抱树坪组作为北秦岭早古生代重要的沉积记录,其研究程度较低。本文通过对抱树坪组内火山岩夹层和花岗斑岩脉进行岩石学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb测年研究,旨在进一步确定其沉积时代与构造环境。研究结果表明:豫西夏馆地区抱树坪组火山岩夹层已变质为(黑云)阳起钠长片岩,常与黑云石英片岩呈“互层状”产出;岩石原岩为安山质凝灰岩,具有相对低的SiO_(2)(52.56%~62.04%)、较高的Al_(2)O_(3)(10.70%~18.55%)、低的MgO(4.06%~6.21%)和FeO^(T)/MgO(1.23~1.81),富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,具镁安山质岩石的特点;结合地球化学特征及前人研究认为,抱树坪组可能形成于活动陆缘弧后盆地。获得黑云阳起钠长片岩原岩的结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为446.0±1.7 Ma,以及侵入其中花岗斑岩脉的成岩年龄为430.0±3.0 Ma,首次将抱树坪组的形成时代准确地限定为晚奥陶世至早志留世。综合区域研究成果认为,小寨组和抱树坪组在地层层序和地层时代上符合广义二郎坪群的划分方案,但大庙组、火神庙组及由小寨组和抱树坪组构成的整体三者在形成时代上表现为近于同时性,在空间上主体呈现近平行关系,可能主体属时代大体相当的不同沉积环境的产物;在大地构造属性方面,认为二郎坪群是在约470 Ma之前由于商丹洋向北俯冲而形成的火山岛弧,在470~436 Ma转化为弧后盆地,至约430 Ma之前最终完成消减闭合。

准噶尔盆地石北凹陷岛弧环境下火山-沉积建造特征及源储发育模式——以石炭系姜巴斯套组为例

准噶尔盆地石北凹陷位于盆地东部的陆梁隆起带北部,前期针对石北凹陷石炭系火山岩圈闭勘探一直未获突破。近期完钻的准北6井揭示了其石炭系姜巴斯套组自生自储型油气藏具有较大的勘探潜力,但以往针对这类储层的成因及分布研究较少。为了深入研究石北凹陷岛弧环境下火山—沉积建造特征及其源储发育模式,在前人研究的基础上,利用钻井岩心、地震及测试资料,结合烃源岩地球化学特征分析,对姜巴斯套组火山—沉积建造、烃源岩特征进行了系统研究,建立了岛弧控制下的火山岩—火山碎屑沉积岩—烃源岩发育模式,以期为具有相同沉积背景的地区油气勘探提供理论依据。研究表明,石北凹陷姜巴斯套组中基性火山岩形成于与俯冲相关的岛弧环境,火山建造主要为近火山口爆发相、近火山口溢流相、远火山口爆发相,沉积建造以岛弧侧翼的扇三角洲相凝灰质砂砾岩、砂岩与远岛弧低洼地带的滨浅海相凝灰质泥岩为主;姜巴斯套组凝灰质泥岩为一套处于成熟—高熟阶段的中等烃源岩,呈北西—南东向条带状分布,厚度分布在100~500 m之间;姜巴斯套组火山岛弧间歇喷发,远岛弧低洼地带凝灰岩与滨浅海凝灰质泥岩互层状分布,凝灰质泥岩与扇三角洲砂砾岩、岛弧火山岩具有良好的源储配置关系,两类储层为下一步重点勘探方向。

Identification of the island-arc magmatic zone in the Lianghe-Raofeng-Wuliba area, south Qinling and its tectonic significance

Detailed studies indicate that a typical island-arc magmatic zone exists in the Lianghe-Raofeng-Wuliba area of south Qinling. This is characterized by continental marginal andesite and bimodal volcanic rock association which was formed in a rift environment within an oceanic island-arc. The island-arc magmatic zone is the product of Devonian-Carboniferous oceanic crust sub-duction and rifting of Mianlue ancient oceanic basin. The presence of the island-arc magmatic zone suggests that the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone had extended to the Bashan arcuate area. The Sunjiahe volcanic rock association of the Xixiang Group formed in a volcanic-arc setting which should have a close relationship with Mianlue suture zone.

从岛弧向裂谷的变迁──来自阿吾拉勒地区火山岩的证据

阿吾拉勒地区早、中石炭世火山岩以碱性系列为主，少部分属钙碱性系列；稀土元素具有岛弧和活动陆缘区橄榄安粗岩和高钾空山岩的特征；微量元素具有大陆型岛弧火山岩的特征。由此而证明本区在早、中石炭世处于内弧环境。二叠纪火山岩属碱性系列；稀土元素和微量元素明显有板内碱性玄武岩的特征。其岩石组合与肯尼亚裂谷相似，处于裂谷演化的早期阶段。晚石炭世的博格达运动导致本区从岛弧向裂谷变迁。

昌宁—孟连带洋脊、洋岛型火山岩研究

在系统总结前人工作的基础上 ,结合自己的研究 ,建立了三江地区昌宁—孟连带晚古生代火山岩层序 ;对比了洋脊型火山岩与洋岛型火山岩在岩石组合、岩石化学及地球化学等方面的显著差别 。

滇桂交界处古特提斯的洋岛和岛弧火山岩

基于详细的野外调查和系统的岩石化学工作 ,探讨了滇桂交界处二叠纪—中三叠世火山岩的大地构造背景。洋岛玄武岩以弄槐枕状熔岩为代表性火山岩 ,原为古特提斯洋盆中的夏威夷型洋岛 ,现保存在印支期前陆褶皱冲断带的一个外来岩席中。采自鱼塘—那塘、羊加山和甫听河的安山岩—玄武岩指示洋盆从二叠纪至中三叠世一直处于消减中 ,反映了与滇西南古特提斯演化不同的地球动力学背景。以上认识为中、越交界地区构造上属古特提斯造山带提供了新证据 ,为重塑该地的古特提斯演化提供了重要资料。

冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世—早白垩世地球动力学环境:火山岩约束

利用新近完成的1∶25万区域地质调查资料和笔者分析数据,初步研究了西藏冈底斯带晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩的分布特点及地层古生物、同位素年代学约束的火山活动时代以及冈底斯中北部火山岩的性质、构造环境、岩石成因和俯冲极性。冈底斯带晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩主要分布于南冈底斯、中冈底斯、北冈底斯和班公湖-怒江缝合带南缘,基本同期开始于早白垩世(大约120～130 Ma)并可能延续到晚白垩世,以冈底斯中北部地区规模最大为特征。已有数据显示中冈底斯则弄群火山岩包括部分中钾钙碱性系列的中基性岩石和占优势的高钾钙碱性系列的中酸性火山岩,不同于传统岛弧火山岩,但与中安第斯厚地壳背景下的岛弧火山岩相似,北冈底斯主要为与传统岛弧火山岩相似的中钾钙碱性系列火山岩。中冈底斯则弄群中基性火山岩很可能与来自消减沉积物和/或蚀变玄武质洋壳的含水流体引起上覆地幔楔物质的部分熔融有关,并在岩浆上升过程中经历了明显的分离结晶作用和中上部地壳物质的同化混染(即AFC过程),长英质火山岩很可能主要与地壳重熔有关,但并不能完全排除镁铁质岩浆的分离结晶作用。目前冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩地球化学数据揭示的成分变化、地壳厚度、与俯冲带的距离以及冈底斯带同期火山岩的分布特点暗示冈底斯中北部火山岩很可能与班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南的俯冲作用有关。

阿尔泰晚古生代早期长英质火山岩的地球化学特征及构造背景

新疆北部哈巴河一带出露的一套晚古生代早期长英质火山岩主要由英安质一流纹质火山岩组成。其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为405±57Ma，为早泥盆世。地球化学特征显示它们具有Ti含量低，Mg^含量中等-富集（42．2～88．7），Th／Ta为8．6～16．4，低-中等Ti／Zr值（介于4．9～53.46）；稀土配分型式为LREE富集，无Eu或中等的负Eu异常；且在蜘蛛网图上显示LlLE富集，Nb和Ta亏损的特征。Y-Nb和Rb-（Y＋Nb）构造判别图解显示这些长英质火山岩形成于岛弧环境。结合前人的研究成果，认为新疆北部哈巴河晚占牛代早期长英质火山岩是在古亚洲洋北侧岛弧构造环境下形成的，足作为古亚洲洋从SW至NE方向朝西伯利亚古板块俯冲的产物。

海南岛北部第四纪早中更新世多文组的建立

在1∶25万琼海县幅区域地质调查中,对海南岛北部地区出露的一套早、中更新世形成的基性火山岩进行了详细研究,新创建多文组,并进一步划分为上、下段,分别代表早更新世晚期—中更新世早期、中更新世中晚期形成的基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩。其层位比道堂组、石山组低,且岩性组合存在差异。对该组的分布范围、岩性、岩相、形成时代、地球化学特征进行了总结,并讨论了其形成的构造环境。

西藏冈底斯带洛巴堆组火山岩地球化学及构造意义

冈底斯带中-新生代火山岩的成因和地质演化是青藏高原地质研究的热点领域,但是对晚古生代火山岩的性质及其形成的构造背景仍缺乏研究。冈底斯带二叠系显示缓慢的海退过程,并伴随基性和中酸性两期火山活动,具有活动大陆边缘特征。笔者对墨竹工卡县唐家乡和林周县勒青拉地区二叠纪洛巴堆组火山岩进行了常量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学测试。研究认为二叠纪是冈底斯岛弧的形成和演化时期。洛巴堆组玄武岩从下部(可能为早二叠世)到上部(中二叠世),MgO含量从7.43%降到3.99%,Al_2O_3含量从15.54%上升到17.57%,后者类似于岛弧高铝玄武岩;稀土总量∑REE从54.12(10^(-6))上升到108.82(10^(-6)),LREE/HREE比值从3.00上升到5.40。洛巴堆组玄武岩均具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常,但中二叠世更显著。岩石地球化学示踪表明,冈底斯洛巴堆组玄武岩代表二叠纪初始岛弧环境。早期玄武岩形成于略亏损地幔和下地壳成分的混合源区,地壳相对较薄,源区或岩浆的壳源成分比例较低。到中二叠世地壳逐渐加厚,壳源成分在源区或岩浆中所占比例增大,代表向陆缘弧的演化过程。冈底斯带二叠纪岛弧是古特提斯洋向南的俯冲、消减的产物。

北祁连山早古生代洋脊-洋岛和弧后盆地火山作用

北祁连山系内,分布着一套类型十分齐全的新元古代-早古生代海相火山岩系。包它括有大陆裂谷火山岩、洋脊-洋岛火山岩、岛弧火山岩、弧后盆地火山岩和陆缘被动裂谷火山岩。本文重点介绍北祁连山早古生代洋脊-洋岛火山岩和弧后盆地火山岩的岩石地球化学特点,并从地幔动力学角度探讨它们的岩石成因。这无疑对于深入了解地质历史古老增生板块边缘的火山作用有重要意义。

西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧造山作用:火山岩和地球化学证据

系统地研究了西藏冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩的时空分布,岩相学,元素及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学,以及构造环境、源区性质,并与喜马拉雅带二叠纪火山岩进行了对比研究。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩近东西向集中分布在冈底斯构造带的中北部,空间上从东至西火山活动的强度和规模渐次减小,时间上从早至晚火山活动的强度和规模总体由弱到强。冈底斯带石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境,从早到晚岛弧造山作用经历了初始岛弧→早期岛弧→成熟岛弧的发展演变过程,火山岩浆来源于富集型地幔的部分熔融物质,原始岩浆在形成和演化的过程中有俯冲洋壳、随带的深海沉积物和再循环进入地慢的地壳物质组分的强烈混染,明显不同于受地壳物质组分强烈混染的喜马拉雅带二叠纪陆缘裂陷型火山岩。综合分析冈底斯带及其邻区近年来的最新调查与研究成果,从北向南拟建了石炭纪—二叠纪冈底斯岛弧→雅鲁藏布江弧后裂谷盆地→喜马拉雅陆缘裂陷盆地的弧盆系时空结构演化模式,探讨了冈瓦纳大陆北缘石炭纪—二叠纪活动大陆边缘的岛弧造山作用与青藏高原古特提斯演化的耦合关系及其动力学机制,讨论了冈底斯带松多乡榴辉岩的形成过程。

广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)第四纪玄武质火山岩的地球化学性质及其源区特征

广西北海涠洲岛 (含斜阳岛 )是我国最大的第四纪火山岩海岛 ,岛内出露中更新世 (Q2 )溢流相玄武质火山岩、晚更新世 (Q3 )空落沉积相沉火山碎屑岩和全新世 (Q4)爆发溢流相玄武质火山岩 ,其中中更新世为玄武岩 ,全新世多为碧玄岩或苦橄质碧玄岩。两者比较 ,前者相对高SiO2 、低MgO ;后者相对高MgO、低SiO2 。在地球化学上 ,这些玄武质火山岩均属无Eu异常的轻稀土元素富集和无Nb异常的强不相容元素富集类型 ,较之原始地幔和N_MORB具较低的Th/La值 (0 .0 4～ 0 .2 8)、La/Nb值 (0 .5 2～ 0 .91)、Rb/Nb值 (0 .4 5～ 1.0 9)、87Sr/ 86Sr值 (0 .70 35 2～0 .70 4 4 3)以及较高的εNd值 (+3.2～ +5 .2 )。上述特征说明 ,晚更新世火山岩经历了以橄榄石和斜长石为主的分离结晶 ,全新世火山岩则代表了部分熔融形成的原生岩浆 ,同化混染作用对这两种岩浆演化的影响程度很低。根据微量元素和同位素示踪可知 ,涠洲岛地区火山岩的源区类似于洋岛 ,其岩浆来自更深的软流圈 ,且无大陆岩石圈组分的卷入。为此进一步推测 ,我国雷琼和北部湾地区深部存在一个从属于南海盆地地幔热柱的亚热柱 。