A Brief Survey of the Metaphysical Poets

The article focuses on the brief study of the metaphysical poets,who were men of learning,and to show learning was their whole endeavor. The chief metaphysical poets include John Donne,Richard Crashaw,Andrew Marvell,George Herbert,and Henry Vaughan. They preferred wildly original images,puns,similes,and metaphors,which collectively are called metaphysical conceits. The term metaphysical implies the poetry is abstract and highly complicated. The group shares certain traits,but their themes,structures,and assorted tones in their poetry vary widely.

A Tentative Analysis Of Samuel Johnson's Definition To Metaphysical School In English Literature

The metaphysical poetry,as a rather influential literary school,plays a momentous andpredominant part in eariy seventeenth century English literature.The marked quality ofmetaphysical poetry,as practiced by Donne and his successors,is their philosophical subtlety orintellectual rigor,while the quintessence of which consists in its peculiar blend of thought andpassion of realistic violence and meditative refinements.Doctor Johnson accused the

Metaphysical Energy Therapy in the Treatment of Cranial Nerve Palsies with Special Reference to Bell’s Palsy

Neuropathy, or nerve injury, is a severe and common impediment of diabetes. Studies evaluate that 50% of people with diabetes will develop neuropathy. Diabetic nerve injury is impairment of a single solitary nerve (also named mononeuropathy). Com- monly 2 cranial nerves Viz., cranial nerve VII and cranial nerve VI are involved in facial nerve palsies. The former one is called Bell’s palsy and is acute Lower Motor Neuron facial nerve paralysis (>80%) causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. The later one is sixth nerve palsy, (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for triggering contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye resulting in double vision on the affected side. In recent times, we have found to our amazement, rapid restoration of normalcy within a few hours to a few days, of Cranial Nerve palsies in diabetic subjects at our centre. We are presenting a group of cases having Type2DM over different time periods from 6 to 20 years and those who suddenly suffered facial nerve palsy and they came to VHSDRC for treatment. They were started on the new modality called the Dynamic Acupuncture Mediated Meta-physical Energy Therapy (DAMM Therapy), to recover from the facial palsy. The DAMM therapy is a unique novel way of infusing and transferring healing energy from the therapist to the patient. Within 2 - 7 sittings of DAMM therapy patients showed 75% - 100% improvement in their clinical condition.

Science Meets Philosophy:Metaphysical Gap&Bilateral Brain

The essay brings a summation of human efforts seeking to understand our existence.Plato and Kant&cognitive science complete reduction of philosophy to a neural mechanism,evolved along elementary Darwinian principles.Plato in his famous Cave Allegory explains that between reality and our experience of it there exists a great chasm,a metaphysical gap,fully confirmed through particle-wave duality of quantum physics.Kant found that we have two kinds of perception,two senses:By the spatial outer sense we perceive phenomena,objects in space.Our temporal inner sense lets us perceive our inner state,noumena.Kant’s two senses are fully confirmed through bilateral brain duality of cognitive science.The bilateral brain serves inner,temporal sense,logic&noumena in the left hemisphere.The right brain half is for the outer,spatial sense,geometry&phenomena.Weform awhole system,a bilateral interior cosmos,a kind of world model,expressing what may lie beyond the metaphysical gap.In the right brain we build a phenomenal cosmos,to resemble the outer environment.In the brain’s left hemisphere a noumenal cosmos,amodel of our private world including Saint Teresa of Avila’s castillo interior.The cosmos is regularly updated with novel sense data integrated into our memory banks.This was recognized early by Helmholtz(1860s).Our lives,health&well-being depend on us keeping our interior cosmos in good order.This used to be seen as saving one’s precious soul from perdition.While we endeavour to keep our phenomenal cosmos neat&orderly by protecting the environment from harm,our noumenal cosmos to be livable requires us to engage in ethical conduct.This bilateral cosmos is responsible for our common sense judgment power,that we depend on for being able to lead a good&benign life.The 200 million neurons of BA10 in the prefrontal lobe have global access to the interior cosmos,&apply massive feedback to identify environmental conditions rapidly.The global access also gives conscious presence of the individual to itself,all that is present in the interior cosmos,for total freedom of action.In the left brain private ego,we are guarded by faith in divine mercy,&guided to choose the best course of action,able to survive under themost adverse conditions.For this,wereceive directions from the Holy Ghost in Saint Teresa’s castillo interior.

English Metaphysical Ideas Reflected in Anne Bradstreet's poetry

The paper is to explore the English Metaphysical ideas reflected in Anne bradstreet's first poetry The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America. The whole paper is devided into three parts , the first part is to introduce English Metaphysical ideas and Anne's first and only published poetry before death,The second one is to analyze the reflection of the English Metaphysical ideas in Anne's first poetry in terms of the themes, the images and the rhetorical devices of the poetry. the last one is the conclusion of the essay .

On Metaphysical Conceit

Integrating aesthetic ingenuity and intellectual innovation into the artistic style of poetry,poets of the seventeenth century brought about Metaphysical conceits to the English literature arena.This study aims to review the origin of Metaphysical poetry,contrast Metaphysical Conceit with Petrarchan Conceit in their ways of comparison,and probe into the influence it exerted over the modern English poetry.

Solitary Osteogenic Exostosis of the Femur Revealed by Recurring Acute Distal Thigh Pain: About a Case

Introduction: Solitary exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the fertile metaphyses of the long bones of children. Their radiological diagnosis of metaphyseal bone growth must be confirmed on pathological examination. These tumors can remain asymptomatic for a long time and reveal themselves during a particularly vascular complication. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of these tumors. Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl, with no particular pathological history, received in the pediatric surgery department of the Donka National Hospital (HND) of the Conakry University Hospital for recurrent acute painful swelling of the lower third of the left thigh in an afebrile context accompanied by lameness and stopping school for a few days (2 - 3 days). The symptoms appear to have evolved over the past 3 years and after physical activities. It regresses with rest, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The notion of trauma and sickle cell disease was not reported in the patient's clinical history. It is the persistence of the symptomatology which motivates the said consultation. On palpation, a small hard mass is noted at the expense of the internal metaphysis of the left distal femur. Deep palpation of this area causes a tingling sensation and during rapid mobilization of the knee. The remainder of the orthopedic examination was unremarkable. Standard x-ray of the femur shows a bony growth with a pointed tip from the distal metaphysis of the left femur. On surgical exploration, we noted a wedge-shaped exostosis oriented towards the vastus medialis muscle. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirms osteogenic exostosis. There is no recurrence after 2 years. Conclusion: The distal femoral metaphysis is the most common location of solitary osteochondromas in children. Their definitive diagnosis requires the histology of the surgical specimen. Only symptomatic exostoses should be operated on in children.

Descartes＇ Metaphysical Doubts about Clear and Distinct Perception

Descartes＇ metaphysical doubts in the Third and Fifth Meditations present a scenario like this： it is possible that I （the Meditator） am so imperfect as to be deceived by my author （i.e., an omnipotent God/Deceiver） in the matters which I think I perceive clearly and distinctly. The metaphysical doubts attempt to cast doubt on beliefs based on present or recollected clear and distinct perceptions. This paper clarifies the intension of the metaphysical doubts by answering the question of how an omnipotent God/Deceiver might exercise a deceptive influence on clear and distinct perception. My analysis shows： （1） the memory interpretation and the retrospective interpretation to be implausible; （2） the incoherence interpretation to be ill-founded, though its conclusion is partly right, such that we should accept a weaker version of it; （3） the misrepresentation interpretation, the defective-origin interpretation, the truth-value variation interpretation and the radical interpretation to be plausible; （4） all of these credible interpretations to be compatible with each other as well.

Information Management: Knowledge, Emancipation, and Metaphysics in the 21st Century

This text is trying to discuss an approximation to the concept of human emancipation,as part of our well-being,in terms of Education and Knowledge.Without abandoning our metaphysical perception of wholeness,as an extension of the continuity principle which connects our conscious and unconscious world,emancipation is considered as a personal struggle against all oppressions.Some of these are grounded in our inner world.In accordance with the Enlightenment request,reasoning and knowledge can help us to structure new forms of acceptances which are shaping our own emancipatory meaning.Under the impact of social influence and personal interpretation,the perceived knowledge is considered as a mental tool containing an upgraded valid information.Taking under consideration that this validity is not able to overcome the metaphysical origins of human thought,it is suggested that when this mental tool is functioning in a self-transformative,self-constructed,and flexible form,human intelligence is structuring a compatible information management mechanism,which can enable us to formulate our personal acceptances,bridge our empirical and hyper-empirical inner world,and enlighten our request for self-criticism,self-determination,and above all emancipation.

Metaphysical and Value Underpinnings of Traditional Medicine in West Africa

This study investigated the extent to which recourse to traditional healers depended on biometric variables;ways of knowing in good time what ailments were more likely to be better handled by traditional healers;rationale behind traditional healing methodologies.On the whole,four research questions were engaged.The sample for the study included residents in urban（Benin City） and rural（Ehime Mbano） communities in Nigeria.The instruments comprised of two questionnaires.The traditional healers were also interviewed in addition.The findings of the research included the following：in both rural and urban areas,women and more elderly persons had more recourse than other groups to traditional medicine;Christians,less educated persons,self-employed persons and women affirmed most strongly to the efficacy of traditional medicine over Western medicine with respect to certain ailments;ways for averting spiritual illnesses included obeying instructions from ancestors and offering regular sacrifices to the gods;methods used by traditional healers to determine whether an ailment was ＂spiritual＂ or as a result of home problems included diagnosis linked to divination,interpretation of dreams particularly those involving visits by ancestors,interpretation of nightmares and omens such as the appearance of owls;methods for curing patients included use of herbs particularly those believed to have magical powers,offering of sacrifices,use of incantations and wearing of protective medicine.

Tales de Miletus,Hegel,and the Theory of Everything

The author takes how focus of your reflection the no achievement of the Theory of Everything in the Whole,he indicates that the cause of that frustrated attempts it is the basis of construction of the thought used to,lay emphasis on the inadequacy of the thought supported in the metaphysical from material basis,with roots in Tales de Miletus,in ruling to find a solution,and he presents the metaphysical from relational basis,proto-enunciated in the Hegel’s thought,like a possible foundation to think what can be capable to apprehend the effectiveness reality in the flow of its happen,so in the scope of the existence of phenomena infra nanos,so well,in the hyper macros events.

Is metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy superior to diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy in the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome?A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Although metaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(MUSO)is safer for the treatment of ulnar impaction syndrome(UIS)than diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomy(DUSO),DUSO is widely used for UIS treatment.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment and determine the factors that should be considered when choosing surgical treatment for UIS.METHODS Articles comparing the effectiveness of DUSO and MUSO for UIS treatment were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE(Ovid),PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.The demography,incidence of complications,secondary operation rate,postoperative DASH score,wrist pain on the visual analogue scale,and grip strength improvement were also evaluated.In addition,the correlation between the improvement of grip strength and the shortening of osteotomy length of ulna was analyzed.The outcome of the patient was discontinuous,and the odds ratio,risk ratio(RR),and 95%CI were calculated and analyzed via RevMan5.3 software.RESULTS Six studies,including 83 patients receiving MUSO(experimental group)and 112 patients receiving DUSO(control group),were included in the meta-analysis.The second operation rate was significantly higher after DUSO than after MUSO.The DASH scores were slightly lower in the MUSO group than in the DUSO group.The patients receiving MUSO had slightly better pain relief effect than patients receiving DUSO.However,the incidence of complications and improvement of grip strength were not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION Although DUSO and MUSO provide similar effects for UIS,MUSO is associated with a lower secondary operation rate,slightly lower postoperative DASH scores and slightly better pain relief effect than DUSO,indicating that MUSO can effectively be used for UIS treatment.

Pure Materials Contracts and Dependencies

The discourse on spirit versus materials delves into the exploration of human nature and the comprehension of human existence,particularly in the realms of free will,consciousness,and the search for meaning.Materialists assert that consciousness is a product of physical processes.Kant argues that consciousness actively constructs our reality,challenging materialist reductionism;Chalmers points out the hard problem of consciousness,highlighting the inadequacy of physical explanations for subjective experience.This paper continues the panpsychism,suggests that materials possess an attribute of“weak consciousness”,implying a fundamental consciousness inherent in materials that interact with human consciousness,the idea that the meaning of human existence can be based on another kind of dependency relationship;Feuerbach advocates for a materialistic view that prioritizes human physical existence,questioned the empirical validity of spiritual origins.

The Physical Universe and the Theoretical Value of Science:Reflections on the Thought of G.Leopardi

The essay has two main purposes.The first consists of discussing some literary and philosophical thoughts on the epistemological value of science by one of the most famous and celebrated poets in Italian literature,Giacomo Leopardi.The poet firmly believes in the cognitive power of science,capable of revealing false beliefs with the light of reason.However,in his mature reflections,what will radically change will not be the value of scientific activity itself,always admirably accepted,but rather its true salvific force.Leopardi was not a scientist,but he used the scientific culture of his time to critically address the great existential themes of man concerning nature and the universe.He had amply demonstrated a scientific culture since his youthful'History of Astronomy',which would reappear in many of his other literary works.His deep and meditative reflections on the nature of finite and infinite space and time are a clear and fruitful testimony to this.However,Giacomo writes icastically,reason alone is not enough;it needs imagination.The second concerns a first reconstruction of the influence that the philosophy of Enlightenment had on Leopardi’s thought especially in relation to these topics:atheism,rejection of providentialism and anthropocentrism,the conception of nature,the question of the relationship between human and animal intelligence,the rejection of metaphysics,the importance of scientific knowledge.

DEBRA: On the Unsupervised Learning of Concept Hierarchies from (Literary) Text

With this work, we introduce a novel method for the unsupervised learning of conceptual hierarchies, or concept maps as they are sometimes called, which is aimed specifically for use with literary texts, as such distinguishing itself from the majority of research literature on the topic which is primarily focused on building ontologies from a vast array of different types of data sources, both structured and unstructured, to support various forms of AI, in particular, the Semantic Web as envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee. We first elaborate on mutually informing disciplines of philosophy and computer science, or more specifically the relationship between metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, computing and AI, followed by a technically in-depth discussion of DEBRA, our dependency tree based concept hierarchy constructor, which as its name alludes to, constructs a conceptual map in the form of a directed graph which illustrates the concepts, their respective relations, and the implied ontological structure of the concepts as encoded in the text, decoded with standard Python NLP libraries such as spaCy and NLTK. With this work we hope to both augment the Knowledge Representation literature with opportunities for intellectual advancement in AI with more intuitive, less analytical, and well-known forms of knowledge representation from the cognitive science community, as well as open up new areas of research between Computer Science and the Humanities with respect to the application of the latest in NLP tools and techniques upon literature of cultural significance, shedding light on existing methods of computation with respect to documents in semantic space that effectively allows for, at the very least, the comparison and evolution of texts through time, using vector space math.

Metaethics(后伦理学)与Metaphysics(后物理学)——粗议中西哲学之异同及中国有无哲学的问题

与西哲以metaphysics为核心相对应 ,中哲以metaethics为核心。在西哲中 ,metaphysics不仅为西方的物理学、自然科学 ,而且也为其伦理学提供哲学基础。在中哲中 ,metaethics不仅为中国的伦理道德作出了哲学的论证 ,而且使中国大哲在探讨物理问题时也染上浓重的伦理学色彩。由此也决定了西哲认识论是物理型的 ,中哲认识论是伦理型的。两者之差异在于 ,西哲认识世界是为了改造世界征服世界 ,中哲认识世界是为了改造自己征服自己。这进一步使中西哲学各有一套独特的方法论 :与西哲的逻辑学和方法论相应 ,中哲的方法论即功夫论。中西哲学尽管类型不同 ,但都是关于人生智慧的学问 ,因此都是哲学。

“meta-”可以译为“元”吗?——与辜正坤先生商榷

辜正坤提出希腊语前缀"meta-"不能译为"元"。事实上,由于"meta-"和"metaphysics"的历史渊源和后者的强大影响力,"meta-"已经获得了"本初、本源"的新含义,因此,可以将"meta-"译为"元"。不过"meta-"作为希腊语前缀的本义,提醒我们应该根据具体的语境有针对性地翻译,而不可追求简单的整齐划一。

Undiagnosed Medical Causation—Psychosomatic Etiology

Conscious existence is the product of a neural brain mechanism,which is largely identical with Immanuel Kant’s Oneness Function,a service performed by 200 million neurons in the prefrontal lobe,&makes possible our interior cosmos,the record of our interconnected,or general,experience.Essential for us humans is the well-being of our interior cosmos,or Saint Teresa of Avila’s interior castle,in all interactions with each other&the greater environment.Any disorders of our cosmos are liable to make us fall ill,setting our existence on a path of psychosomatic etiology of a large class of mysterious undiagnosed diseases.

Common Sense Empirical Climate Science:No Carbon Climate Crisis at Current Trace Levels

Climate science deals with the harsh reality of 174,000 terawatt of solar energy striking Earth’s surface&air,minus 29 percent albedo.The exposure is sustained by the planet cooling itself by means of EM radiation emitted to outer space of a like amount of energy in the infrared range.The balance may not be perfect at all times,but miraculously we are still around&attempting to comprehend the physical processes involved in keeping the planet’s surface suitable to sustain biological life&human civilization.While ground temperature is maintained at a pleasant avg 288 kelvin=15℃by the atmospheric greenhouse effect,a surprising 255 kelvin satisfies the demand for radiative cooling.This just happens to be standard air temperature at 5,000 m altitude.Official climate science largely is concerned with models&has assigned a major role to carbon molecules in air.As these exist currently only at mere trace levels,they are widely considered to be irrelevant for climate in view of the Mass-Action Law that implies that trace components can have only trace effects.Denying this simple fact,familiar to meteorologists,unfortunately has led to much of the civilized public being misled by climate scientists.One of the themes among their rhetoric is calling for renewable energy sources,when in reality unlimited amounts of hydrogen&hydrocarbons are dissolved in the Earth’s mantle,going back to the primitive solar nebula that gave rise to our solar system,&available for human consumption through fracking.Here in this philosophical essay,we are offering simple empirical proofs,examples from everday life,as opposed to the largely theoretical modeling work of climate science,for the fact that atmospheric carbon molecules can have only trace effects on radiative planetary cooling,proofs that are easy to verify.We dispute unrealistic estimates of important effects on climate from carbon dioxide trace gas via an atmospheric feedback mechanism proposed by some climate scientists.The essay demonstrates that atmospheric carbon molecules are irrelevant for climate at this epoch.Humanity is not facing a carbon climate crisis,currently.