Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Yield and Quality of Facility Hami Melon

With different varieties of facility Hami melon(Cucumis melo var. sacchairinus) as test materials, the effects of meteorological conditions on the yield and quality of different varieties of facility Hami melon were analyzed. The results showed that among the yield and quality traits of melon, the variation degree of average single melon weight was the highest, and the coefficient of variation was 33.05%. The variation degree of leaf area index was the lowest, and the coefficient of variation was 11.00%. Through the correlation analysis of meteorological factors with the yield and quality of facility Hami melon, it was found that the quality traits of facility Hami melon were significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and sunshine duration, and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation. The yield traits were positively correlated with maximum temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation.

Relationship of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases to Meteorological Conditions and Forecast Method in Nanjing City

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the relationship of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to meteorological conditions and forecast method in Nanjing City. [Method] Based on daily cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from a hospital in Nanjing City as well as daily meteorological data from Nanjing Meteorological Station from January 2003 to July 2008, the monthly and seasonal variations in quantity of patients suffedng from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Nanjing City were analyzed firstly, and then the relationship between mete- orological elements and incidence of the diseases was discussed, finally the forecast model for the incidence of the diseases was established using the stepwise regression method. [Result] Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Nanjing City happened all the year round, and the inci- dance was high in the seasonal transition phase from autumn to winter. Daily incidence of the diseases in Nanjing City correlated negatively with dai- ly maximum, minimum and average vapor pressure, daily minimum relative humidity and so forth, but their incidence had positive correlations with diumal range of daily temperature, daily maximum, minimum and average pressure. Daily average number of patients suffering from the diseases obviously correlated with daily average temperature, daily maximum vapor pressure and daily average relative humidity. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the prevention and forecast of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in future.

Influence of Human Activities on Wintertime Haze-Related Meteorological Conditions over the Jing–Jin–Ji Region

This work analyzes and discusses the influence of human activities on the meteorological conditions related to winter haze events in Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei(i.e.,the Jing-Jin-Ji region)during 1961-2016,using the results of two numerical simulation experiments based on the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1.1(http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/cesm1.0/cam/docs/ug5_1_1/book1.html)used in the international Climate Variability and Predictability Programme(CLIVAR)Climate of the 20th Century Detection and Attribution Project(C20C+D&A).The results show that,under the influence of human activities,the changes in dynamical and thermal meteorological conditions related to winter haze events in the Jing–Jin–Ji region are conducive to the formation and accumulation of haze,and prevent the diffusion of pollutants.The dynamical conditions mainly include the obvious weakening of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)and the enhancement of the near-surface anomalous southerly wind.The thermal conditions include the obvious increase in surface temperature,and the enhancement of water vapor transport and near-surface inversion.The relative contribution of dynamical and thermal conditions to the variation of haze days in the Jing-Jin-Ji region is analyzed using statistical methods.The results show that the contribution of human activities to the increase of haze days in the Jing-Jin-Ji region is greater than that of natural forcing for the study period.To be specific,the dynamical meteorological factors contribute more to the haze days than the thermal meteorological factors.The contribution of thermal meteorological factors is basically the same in both scenarios.

Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Meteorological Conditions in Sanjiang Plain during Nearly 50 Years

[ Objective] The study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of agricultural meteorological conditions in Sanjiang Plain during nearly 50 years. [ Method] Accumulated temperature of Sanjiang Plain was computed based on meteorological observation data from different meteorological stations in Sanjiang Plain, including temperature, precipitation, sunshine time, etc. A spatial interpolation map involving varieties of meteorological elements in neady 50 years was generated based on the Kriging interpolation, and the spatial distribution characteristics of those meteorological ele- ments were analyzed. [ Result] Temperature of Sanjiang Plain decreased with the increase of latitude and altitude, and the annual average temper- atura varied from 2.5 to 4.5 ~（3 generally, showing a zonal distribution. Precipitation of Sanjiang Plain changed spatially and the annual average pre- cipitation varied from 500 to 600 mm symmetrically in northwest-southeast direction. Spatial distribution of the annual average wind speed in San- jiang Plain was identical with the spatial pattern of topography here, and the annual average wind speed changed from 3.0 to 3.6 rn/s in most re- gions. Relative air humidity of Sanjiang Plain in summer half year was relatively high and always above 65%. The maximum sunshine hours of San- jiang Plain in one year distributed similarly to the annual changing curve of solar declination, and both of them presented a normal distribution and changed with geographic latitude. The days from the beginning to the end of daily average temperature ~〉 10 ~C in Sanjiang Plain were 135 -146 d, and its distribution presented a latitudinal trend, with certain vertical zonality. [ Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the reasonable arrangement of agricultural production and effective prevention of meteorological disasters in Sanjiang Plain.

Variation Trends of Dust Storms in Relation to Meteorological Conditions and Anthropogenic Impacts in the Northeast Edge of the Taklimakan Desert, China

To reveal the multivariate relationships between man-made and meteorological factors on dust storm frequency, the LUCC data, NDVI remote sensing data and meteorological data for the period of 1983-2013 were combined with dust storm frequency data, and the possible impacts of meteorological and anthropogenic factors on dust storm frequency were analyzed by using regression analysis and PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Results show that the inter-annual dust storm frequency increased gradually. In particular, an increasing trend in recent years, after 2009, is conspicuous. The monthly frequency of dust storms shows higher values between the months of February and May, with the highest mean number of events occurring in April, which accounts for 29% of the annual dust storm frequency. The annual dust storm frequency is positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with precipitation;the monthly dust storm frequency is positively correlated with wind speed, but no significant correlation can be found with precipitation. The relationship between temperature and dust storms is not simply linear, however, a certain correlation with an unremarkable statistical significance can be found between them. Human activities also affect the dynamics of dust storms indirectly via changing vegetation coverage and direct dust emissions. The multivariate analysis further confirmed the association between dust storm frequency and meteorological factors and NDVI. The high loadings of dust storm frequency, wind speed, precipitation and NDVI on a PC indicate that the increased precipitation and NDVI will decrease dust storm frequency, and increased wind speed will increase dust storm frequency.

Analysis of Relationship between Meteorological Conditions and Respiratory Diseases in Xuzhou

Based on daily data of influenza-like cases from four sentinel hospitals as well as meteorological data in Xuzhou from October 2005 to May 2011, number of patients with respiratory diseases in Xuzhou was analyzed, and then relationship between meteorological factors and number of patients with respiratory diseases was discussed. The prediction model of number of patients with respiratory diseases in each month was established to forecast number of patients with respiratory diseases using meteorological data. The results show that people suffered from respiratory diseases more frequently in January and from June to September in Xuzhou. Meteorological factors correlated highly with number of patients with re- spiratory diseases are different due to the difference in climatic characteristics among various seasons. The prediction model could obtain good effect.

Characteristics and Meteorological Conditions of Ozone Pollution in Shantou City

Based on routine monitoring data of air quality and meteorological data in Shantou City during 2015-2019,temporal-spatial variation characteristics of O 3 pollution and its correlation with meteorological conditions in Shantou City were explored.The research results showed that O 3 pollution days in Shantou City showed an increasing trend year by year,and O 3 pollution had far-distance transportation and the development trend from offshore Nan ao Island to urban district.In spring and autumn,there was serious O 3 pollution,and it was the most prominent in October.Its diurnal variation in O 3 pollution days was mainly wide-peak type in the afternoon,showing as that O 3 concentration declined slowly after the noon.In O 3 pollution days,higher O 3 concentration was easy to appear at night,causing that O 3 peak in the second day was uplifted,and there was continuous O 3 pollution.Combining backward trajectory analysis chart,it was found that Shantou was mainly affected by coastal transport of northerly polluted air mass,and it was transported into Shantou City from the east to the northeast.O 3 from long-distance transmission superimposed with locally generated O 3,which commonly pushed up the level of O 3 concentration.The weather of O 3 pollution in Shantou City had the characteristics of high temperature and low humidity.There was 25-30℃of temperature interval and 46%-60%of relative humidity interval,and it was accompanied by grade-2 easterly wind.

Long range migration of rice planthoppers and associated meteorological conditions in Yulin,Ganzhou,and Huangyan

In recent years,it has been demonstrated that thelow-level jet streams(LLJs)developed in thesouth of the Meiyu(Baiu)front play a critical role inthe overseas migrations of the planthoppers intoJapan and Korea. However, the involement of theLLJs during the process of sequential displacements

Analysis on Agrometeorological Conditions of Production of Winter Wheat and Rape Crops in Western Guizhou in 2019

Whole growth period of winter wheat and rape crops in western Guizhou in 2019 was from October of 2019 to early May of 2020.Using daily temperature,rainfall and sunshine hours of three national meteorological observatories(Shuicheng,Panzhou and Liuzhi)of western Guizhou,the impact of meteorological conditions on growth and development of winter wheat and rape crops was analyzed.The results showed that average temperature in whole growth period of winter wheat and rape crops in western Guizhou in 2019 was between 11.1 and 13.0℃,which was 0.4-1.6℃higher than that in the same period of common year.Rainfall was between 276.0 and 309.0 mm.When compared with that in the same period of common year,rainfall was 7%-22%less in other regions except in Panzhou(1%more).Sunshine hours was between 689.2 and 1091.2 h.When compared with that in the same period of common year,sunshine hours was 14%-26%more in other regions except in Shuicheng(equal).In growth period of winter wheat and rape crops,there was good heat condition and sufficient sunshine,and rainfall was normal and slightly less,but it was mostly sunny and rainy alternating,which was favorable for the growth of crop root.During growth period of crops,there was lighter meteorological disaster.It was clear that meteorological conditions were conducive to the growth and development of winter wheat and rape crops in 2019.

Large contributions of emission reductions and meteorological conditions to the abatement of PM_(2.5)in Beijing during the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022

To guarantee the blue skies for the 2022 Winter Olympics held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou from February 4 to 20,Beijing and its surrounding areas adopted a series of emission control measures.This provides an opportunity to determine the impacts of large-scale temporary control measures on the air quality in Beijing during this special period.Here,we applied the WRF-CMAQ model to quantify the contributions of emission reduction measures and meteorological conditions.Results show that meteorological conditions in 2022 decreased PM_(2.5)in Beijing by 6.9 and 11.8μg/m^(3)relative to 2021 under the scenarios with and without emission reductions,respectively.Strict emission reduction measures implemented in Beijing and seven neighboring provinces resulted in an average decrease of 13.0μg/m^(3)(-41.2%)in PM_(2.5)in Beijing.Over the entire period,local emission reductions contributed more to good air quality in Beijing than nonlocal emission reductions.Under the emission reduction scenario,local,controlled regions,other regions,and boundary conditions contributed 47.7%,42.0%,5.3%,and 5.0%to the PM_(2.5)concentrations in Beijing,respectively.The results indicate that during the cleaning period with the air masses from the northwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were mainly caused by local emission reductions.However,during the potential pollution period with the air masses from the east-northeast and west-southwest,the abatements of PM_(2.5)were caused by both local and nonlocal emission reductions almost equally.This implies that regional coordinated prevention and control strategies need to be arranged scientifically and rationally when heavy pollution events are forecasted.

Implications of Dynamic Interactions between Meteorological Patterns and Surface Water Quality on Environmental Health—A Case Study of the Nairobi River

Urban areas face significant challenges in maintaining water quality amidst increasing urbanization and changing climatic patterns. This study investigates the complex interplay between meteorological variables and water quality parameters in Nairobi City, focusing on the impacts of rainfall and temperature on surface water quality. Data from multiple sources, including the Water Resources Authority, Nairobi Water and Sewerage Company, and the World Bank’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal, were analyzed to assess the relationships between meteorological variables (rainfall and temperature) and water quality parameters (such as electroconductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride, and pH). The analysis reveals varying impacts of rainfall and temperature on different water quality parameters. While parameters like iron and pH show strong relationships with both rainfall and temperature, others such as ammonia and nitrate exhibit moderate relationships. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of runoff, urbanization, and industrial activities on water quality, emphasizing the need for holistic management approaches. Recommendations encompass the establishment of annual publications on Nairobi River water quality, online accessibility of water quality data, development of hydrological models, spatial analysis, and fostering cross-disciplinary research collaborations. Implementing these recommendations can enhance water quality management practices, mitigate risks, and safeguard environmental integrity in Nairobi City.

Changes in Vegetation and Assessment of Meteorological Conditions in Ecologically Fragile Karst Areas

Meteorological conditions have an important impact on changes of vegetation in ecologically fragile karst areas.This study aims to explore a method for quantitative evaluation of these meteorological conditions. We analyzed the changing trend of vegetation during 2000–2018 and the correlations between vegetation changes and various meteorological factors in karst rocky areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Key meteorological factors in vegetation areas with varying degrees of improvement were selected and evaluated at seasonal timescale. A quantitative evaluation model of comprehensive influences of meteorological factors on vegetation was built by using the partial least-square regression(PLS). About 91.45% of the vegetation tended to be improved, while only the rest 8.55% showed a trend of degradation from 2000 to 2018. Areas with evident vegetation improvement were mainly distributed in the middle and northeast, and those with obvious vegetation degradation were scattered. Meteorological factors affecting vegetation were significantly different among the four seasons. Overall, high air humidity, small temperature difference in spring and autumn, and low daily minimum temperature and air pressure were favorable conditions. Low temperature in winter as well as high temperature in summer and autumn were unfavorable conditions. The Climate Vegetation Index(CVI) model was established by PLS using the maximum, minimum, and average temperatures;vapor pressure;rainfall;and air pressure as key meteorological factors. The Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) was well fitted by the CVI model, with the average coefficient of determination(r2) and root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.856 and 0.042, respectively. Finally, an assessment model of comprehensive meteorological conditions was built based on the interannual differences in CVI. The meteorological conditions in the study area in 2014 were successfully evaluated by combining the model and selected seasonal key meteorological factors.

Differences in Meteorological Conditions between Days with Persistent and Non-Persistent Pollution in Beijing, China

We compared the regional synoptic patterns and local meteorological conditions during persistent and non-persistent pollution events in Beijing using US NCEP–Department of Energy reanalysis outputs and observations from meteorological stations. The analysis focused on the impacts of high-frequency（period 〈 90 days） variations in meteorological conditions on persistent pollution events（those lasting for at least 3 days）. Persistent pollution events tended to occur in association with slow-moving weather systems producing stagnant weather conditions, whereas rapidly moving weather systems caused a dramatic change in the local weather conditions so that the pollution event was short-lived. Although Beijing was under the influence of anomalous southerly winds in all four seasons during pollution events, notable differences were identified in the regional patterns of sea-level pressure and local anomalies in relative humidity among persistent pollution events in different seasons. A region of lower pressure was present to the north of Beijing in spring, fall, and winter, whereas regions of lower and higher pressures were observed northwest and southeast of Beijing, respectively, in summer. The relative humidity near Beijing was higher in fall and winter, but lower in spring and summer. These differences may explain the seasonal dependence of the relationship between air pollution and the local meteorological variables. Our analysis showed that the temperature inversion in the lower troposphere played an important part in the occurrence of air pollution under stagnant weather conditions.Some results from this study are based on a limited number of events and thus require validation using more data.

RESEARCH ON SURFACE O_3 WITH METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS UNDER ATMOSPHERIC BACKGROUND CONDITIONS IN NORTHEAST CHINA

Surface O_3 concentration and its precursors have been observed at Longfengshan station, Heilongjiang Province for a period of one year from August 13,1994 to July 30,1995. Relationship between surface O_3 and the meteorological conditions during this period is analyzed in this study.Observation results show that diurnal variation of surface O_3 follows a pattern of double-peaks with amplitude of 27—28 ppb under fine days in summer and autumn.Although the diurnal variation is small(14 ppb),it is still detectable when it is overcast.Diurnal variation of O_3 is irregular under rainy days.Surface O_3 concentration rises when wind speed starts to increase at 0800 BT(Beijing Time)from 0 to 6 m s^(-1)in autumn,winter and summer.Relative high surface O_3 concentration is noticed frequently when S,SSW,SW and WSW wind are encountered at the station during all seasons.At 0800 BT and 1400 BT the surface O_3 concentration increases with the increase of global radiation accordingly during fine days in winter,spring and autumn.During fine days average peak of O_3 concentration in summer is 20 ppb higher than that in winter while the average peak of global radiation in summer is almost twice as high as that in winter.The average surface O_3 concentration under fine days in autumn at Longfengshan station is 14 ppb lower in comparison to the observation results from Lin'an station where Lin'an is at about the same longitude and lower latitude,with same environment,which is mainly caused by the difference of global radiation due to different latitudes in these two areas(difference of average peak global radiation about 100 W m^(-2)).

Influences of Meteorological Conditions on Interannual Variations of Particulate Matter Pollution during Winter in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Area

To investigate the interannual variations of particulate matter （PM） pollution in winter, this paper examines the pollution characteristics of PM with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 and 10 μm （i.e., PM2.5 and PM10）, and their relationship to meteorological conditions over the Beijing municipality, Tianjin municipality, and Hebei Province--an area called Jing-Jin-Ji （JJJ, hereinafter）-in December 2013-16. The meteorological conditions during this period are also analyzed. The regional average concentrations of PM2.5 （PM10） over the JJJ area during this period were 148.6 （236.4）, 100.1 （166.4）, 140.5 （204.5）, and 141.7 （203.1） μg m^-3, respectively. The high occurrence frequencies of cold air outbreaks, a strong Siberian high, high wind speeds and boundary layer height, and low temperature and relative humidity, were direct meteorological causes of the low PM concentration in December 2014. A combined analysis of PM pollution and meteorological conditions implied that control measures have resulted in an effective improvement in air quality. Using the same emissions inventory in December 2013-16, a modeling analysis showed emissions of PM2.5 to decrease by 12.7%, 8.6%, and 8.3% in December 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively, each compared with the previous year, over the JJJ area.

Drift and deposition of pesticide applied by UAV on pineapple plants under different meteorological conditions

Spray drift has always been a focus research area in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)application.Under the fixed premises of UAV operating parameters,such as height,speed and spraying liquid,the droplet drift is mainly affected by meteorological conditions.In this research,the spray drift and deposition tests were conducted using a QuanFeng120 UAV in a pineapple field under various different meteorological conditions.The experimental results showed that with the changes of UAV operating height and wind speed,the start position of the in-swath deposition area changed 4 m in the extreme situation.The percentage of the total spray drift was from 15.42%to 55.76%.The position of cumulative spray drift that accounted for 90%of the total spray drift was from 3.70 m to 46.50 m relative to the flight line.According to the downwind spray drift curve,the nonlinear equations of the same type under the four operating conditions of the UAV were fitted.The spray drift and the deposition of UAV application were significantly affected by different meteorological conditions and UAV operating heights.The results could provide a theoretical basis for UAV spraying in pineapple plants and support for spray drift control and prediction.

Chemical composition and quantitative relationship between meteorological condition and fine particles in Beijing

The recent year's monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM 2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM 2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM 2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM 2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM 2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM 2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.

Analysis of Meteorological Condition for Infection of the Pathogen of Tobacco Brown Spot (Alternaria alternate)

[Objective] The paper was to understand the suitable meteorological indexes and key meteorological factors for infection and prevalence of tobacco brown spot. [ Method] Tobacco brown spot disease in five topical mountainous climatic areas of Guizhou Province was investigated, and the difference of biological characteristics of different strains was analyzed indoor. Different meteorological conditions （light, temperature and humidity） were simulated in artificial climate box by using the uniform design method, and the difference of infection ability of Alternaria alternate in different climate zones was analyzed in leaves in vitro by hanging drop method. [ Result] The infection rate of A. alternate in different climate zones of Guizhou Province showed certain difference. In low temperature and mid- die humidity （the humidity is 50% -60%, the temperature is 10 -20 ℃） conditions, the pathogen could infect tobacco leaves, various strains had certain difference, but the difference was small. [ Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for prevalence prediction and control of tobacco brown spot.

Characteristics of Ozone Changes and Meteorological Influencing Factors in Bengbu City

Based on the ozone monitoring data from the Bengbu Environmental Monitoring Station and the meteorological observation data from the Bengbu Ground Meteorological Observation Station from 2015 to 2019,the changing trend of ozone concentration and the effects of meteorological conditions on ozone concentration in Bengbu in recent years were analyzed.The results show that from 2015 to 2019,the monthly and daily changing curves of ozone concentration in Bengbu City had double peaks and a single peak respectively.The peak of monthly average ozone concentration appeared from April to June and in September.The peak of daily average ozone concentration occurred around 16:00,while the valley apppeared around 07:00.Among the main meteorological factors affecting ozone concentration,ozone concentration was significantly positively correlated with temperature and sunshine hours and significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity,air pressure,total cloud cover,and wind speed.

WRF Numerical Simulation Analysis of Meteorological Elements in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing from 2013 to 2015

Using the WRF mesoscale numerical model,based on the FNL global reanalysis data of NCEP,numerical simulations with a resolution of 27,9 and 3 km were carried out on the meteorological elements in four national air quality control stations(Jinyun Mountain,Shapingba,Jiefangbei and Nanping)in the main urban area of Chongqing City in July from 2013 to 2015.The results show that at the concerned points,there was an obvious southeast dominant wind at 850 hPa.The meteorological conditions in July in the main urban area of Chongqing were favorable for the diffusion of pollutants.That is,the height of the mixed layer was higher,and the precipitation was higher;the temperature and wind speed at 850 hPa were higher.Compared with 2013 and 2014,the meteorological conditions in July 2015 were not more favorable for the diffusion of pollutants.