Taking Handan City (the south of Northern China) as an example, and making use of the environmentally friendly materials of Handan Environmental Monitor Station in 2013-2014, the surface observational data of Handan M...Taking Handan City (the south of Northern China) as an example, and making use of the environmentally friendly materials of Handan Environmental Monitor Station in 2013-2014, the surface observational data of Handan Meteorological Station and the sounding data of Xingtai station, combined with the integrated analysis of numerical prediction and simulation, this paper shows that, in 2014, the air quality improved;the emission-reduction effect was significant;the days of heavy pollution decreased;and the days up to the standard increased;the annual average concentration of pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 in the whole city showed a decreasing tendency compared to the same period of last year. In 2014, there were a total of 9 weather processes of heavy pollution lasting more than 3 days and the duration was significantly shorter than that in 2013, which indicated that effective emission-reduction measures significantly shortened the duration of weather processes of heavy pollution. The comprehensive analysis of meteorological conditions, such as the days of light wind, wind speed, wind frequency, PM2.5 concentration at different wind directions, the thickness and intensity of the inversion layer, and the height of the mixed layer, showed that, compared with the same period in 2013, the general meteorological conditions of air pollutant dispersion were basically flat and slightly disadvantageous in 2014. Handan municipal government increased the intensity of the prevention and control of air pollution in 2014, promulgated and adopted a series of air pollution control policies and emission-reduction control measures, and achieved some results, especially the emission-reduction measures during the APEC meeting which were obviously effective.展开更多
According to the air quality monitoring and meteorological observation data from 2015 to 2020,the air pollution characteristics and causes were analyzed in the Ghost Festival(on the 15 th of the 7 th lunar month)for t...According to the air quality monitoring and meteorological observation data from 2015 to 2020,the air pollution characteristics and causes were analyzed in the Ghost Festival(on the 15 th of the 7 th lunar month)for the main urban area of Liupanshui City in western Guizhou Province.The results showed that air pollution to different extent occurred in the Ghost Festival every year,reaching the level of heavy pollution in half of the year.The pollution time is generally from 21:00 on the day to 01:00 on the next day.The pollutants mainly come from the smoke dust generated by people burning sacrificial offerings and industrial pollution of iron and steel manufacturing under adverse weather conditions.The primary pollutant is PM 2.5,and the annual variation of pollution shows a downward trend.Precipitation weather is in the majority,which is favorable for reducing the pollution degree;the relationship between wind direction,wind speed and pollution degree is closed;the atmospheric inversion is weak,which has no obvious influence on the change of air pollution;the relative humidity is high,which is conducive to the formation and maintenance of pollution;there is a very significant negative correlation between the degree of air pollution and wind energy,and significantly negative correlation between the degree of air pollution and atmospheric turbulence intensity.Advocating civilized sacrifice and strengthening management is beneficial to reducing the degree of pollution.This paper can be used as a reference for air quality forecasts and taking the appropriate measures to reduce pollution.展开更多
Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10,...Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO2, while O3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM2.5 is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.展开更多
对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为...对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为高空500 h Pa西风纬向环流指数高,南北气流交换不畅,利于中国中东部高空稳定形势的发展,对应近地弱高低压系统,均压场控制频繁,稳定的大气层结使污染物更易在近地累积,偏南暖湿气流则促使大量二次污染物生成;副热带高压与青藏高原高压、西风带高压并合的形势,是引起中国夏季大气环境质量恶化的主要原因;台风引起的下沉逆温稳定天气,易造成珠三角地区重霾污染。区域和局地山脉气流辐合效应使污染物较易在山麓地带聚积,海陆风和山谷风带动局地污染物的垂直输送和区域间输送。地面弱风速、风向以及高湿度是影响大气质量的直接关键因子,混合层高度与空气质量具有较强的相关性,对限制污染物的垂向有效扩散产生重要影响。数值模拟气象要素对空气质量影响贡献得到多次验证,霾预警开始发挥重要作用,区域污染的输送作用对重点城市空气质量的影响不容忽视。在重霾过程污染气象的研究还有待深化的方面包括:重视模拟研究,对污染物在大气中多尺度传输、沉降及化学循环等全周期的行为轨迹进行追踪定量,制定有针对性的污染控制技术与对策;开展大气污染的影响边界研究,辅助气象预报为特定区域空气质量保障提出即时有效的防控措施和预警方案,为提高污染控制措施的有效性奠定科学基础。展开更多
文摘Taking Handan City (the south of Northern China) as an example, and making use of the environmentally friendly materials of Handan Environmental Monitor Station in 2013-2014, the surface observational data of Handan Meteorological Station and the sounding data of Xingtai station, combined with the integrated analysis of numerical prediction and simulation, this paper shows that, in 2014, the air quality improved;the emission-reduction effect was significant;the days of heavy pollution decreased;and the days up to the standard increased;the annual average concentration of pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 in the whole city showed a decreasing tendency compared to the same period of last year. In 2014, there were a total of 9 weather processes of heavy pollution lasting more than 3 days and the duration was significantly shorter than that in 2013, which indicated that effective emission-reduction measures significantly shortened the duration of weather processes of heavy pollution. The comprehensive analysis of meteorological conditions, such as the days of light wind, wind speed, wind frequency, PM2.5 concentration at different wind directions, the thickness and intensity of the inversion layer, and the height of the mixed layer, showed that, compared with the same period in 2013, the general meteorological conditions of air pollutant dispersion were basically flat and slightly disadvantageous in 2014. Handan municipal government increased the intensity of the prevention and control of air pollution in 2014, promulgated and adopted a series of air pollution control policies and emission-reduction control measures, and achieved some results, especially the emission-reduction measures during the APEC meeting which were obviously effective.
基金Science and Technology Open Research Fund of Guizhou Meteorological Bureau(KF[2009]08).
文摘According to the air quality monitoring and meteorological observation data from 2015 to 2020,the air pollution characteristics and causes were analyzed in the Ghost Festival(on the 15 th of the 7 th lunar month)for the main urban area of Liupanshui City in western Guizhou Province.The results showed that air pollution to different extent occurred in the Ghost Festival every year,reaching the level of heavy pollution in half of the year.The pollution time is generally from 21:00 on the day to 01:00 on the next day.The pollutants mainly come from the smoke dust generated by people burning sacrificial offerings and industrial pollution of iron and steel manufacturing under adverse weather conditions.The primary pollutant is PM 2.5,and the annual variation of pollution shows a downward trend.Precipitation weather is in the majority,which is favorable for reducing the pollution degree;the relationship between wind direction,wind speed and pollution degree is closed;the atmospheric inversion is weak,which has no obvious influence on the change of air pollution;the relative humidity is high,which is conducive to the formation and maintenance of pollution;there is a very significant negative correlation between the degree of air pollution and wind energy,and significantly negative correlation between the degree of air pollution and atmospheric turbulence intensity.Advocating civilized sacrifice and strengthening management is beneficial to reducing the degree of pollution.This paper can be used as a reference for air quality forecasts and taking the appropriate measures to reduce pollution.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0212301,2016YFC0203304)Basic Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.2018SYIAEZD4)+3 种基金Program of Liaoning Meteorological Office(No.201904,D201603)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41730647)Program of Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,China Meteorological Administration(No.2017B02)Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20170520359)
文摘Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO2, while O3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM2.5 is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.
文摘对近年来中国重霾污染过程的气象成因的相关研究进行了总结,从大气环流背景、边界层流场以及气象因子等方面进行综合分析,并介绍了相关区域输送对污染的影响贡献,得出关于中国重霾过程污染气象的一致结论:冬季重霾发生的典型天气条件为高空500 h Pa西风纬向环流指数高,南北气流交换不畅,利于中国中东部高空稳定形势的发展,对应近地弱高低压系统,均压场控制频繁,稳定的大气层结使污染物更易在近地累积,偏南暖湿气流则促使大量二次污染物生成;副热带高压与青藏高原高压、西风带高压并合的形势,是引起中国夏季大气环境质量恶化的主要原因;台风引起的下沉逆温稳定天气,易造成珠三角地区重霾污染。区域和局地山脉气流辐合效应使污染物较易在山麓地带聚积,海陆风和山谷风带动局地污染物的垂直输送和区域间输送。地面弱风速、风向以及高湿度是影响大气质量的直接关键因子,混合层高度与空气质量具有较强的相关性,对限制污染物的垂向有效扩散产生重要影响。数值模拟气象要素对空气质量影响贡献得到多次验证,霾预警开始发挥重要作用,区域污染的输送作用对重点城市空气质量的影响不容忽视。在重霾过程污染气象的研究还有待深化的方面包括:重视模拟研究,对污染物在大气中多尺度传输、沉降及化学循环等全周期的行为轨迹进行追踪定量,制定有针对性的污染控制技术与对策;开展大气污染的影响边界研究,辅助气象预报为特定区域空气质量保障提出即时有效的防控措施和预警方案,为提高污染控制措施的有效性奠定科学基础。
