Study on Pu-erh Tea Methanol Extracts on Antibacterial Activity of Several Plant Pathogens

[Objective] The aim was to study Pu-erh tea methanol extracts on antibacterial activity of several plant pathogens and provide reference for application of Pu-erh tea in agriculture disease prevention and control.[Method]The inhibitive effect of Pu-erh tea methanol extracts on several plant pathogens was studied by adopting mycelium growth rate method.[Result] The results showed that Pu-erh tea methanol extracts had inhibitive effects on Thanatephorus cucomeris(Frank)Donk,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,Fusa...

Quantitative variation of bioactive phyto compounds in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Pergularia daemia(Forsk.)Chiov.

Dear Editor： Pergularia daemia Forsk （Asclepiadaceae） is a perennial twining herb commonly known as veliparuthi in Tamil. The plant has anthelmintic, laxative, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. The pharmacological properties of this plant come from bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids. Phytochemically, the plant has been investigated for the presence of cardenolides, alkaloids, saponins and steroidal compoundst. In the present study, we developed a rapid method for identification and quantitative determination of putative phyto compounds in the crude extracts of ethyl acetate and methanol from whole plant of Pergularia daemia.

Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Griffonia simplicifolia (Fabaceae) on the Inhibition of Falciformation of Human Hb SS Erythrocytes

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disease in Black Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sickling inhibition activity of Griffonia simplicifolia. Quantitative and qualitative tests were used to determine the major groups of secondary metabolites present in the Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts and the modified Emmel test was used to perform the study of sickling inhibition activity. The OECD 423 toxicity study showed that at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg bw, Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts are not toxic. All tested substances inhibit erythrocyte falciformation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentages of inhibition were 50.35%, 73% and 94.23% for aqueous extract, hydromethanolic extract and phenylalanine respectively at the concentration of 15 mg/mL. The methanolic extract (70%) had higher activity compared to the aqueous extract. These results suggest that the Griffonia simplicifolia extracts have some potential to be used as alternative antisickling therapy in SCD management.

Chemical profiling of bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of wild leaf and callus of Vitex negundo using gas chromatographymass spectrometry

BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy.Vitex negundo(V.negundo),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional medication.AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V.negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts.Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium.RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development.The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,respectively.CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract.Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples.The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,respectively.These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo.In addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected.All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro.This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants.Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds,the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus L.rhizome through tail suspension test and forced swimming test of mice

Objective:Acorus calamus(AC)L.(Araceae)is an annual semi-aquatic and aromatic plant found in Europe,North America and Asia.Its rhizomes are often used by Native Americans,Americans,and Chinese as well as by other cultures.Ethnobotanical studies and documents have shown their use in various disease treatments,such as insomnia,mental disorders,diabetes mellitus,epilepsy,inflammation,asthma,neuropathic pain,and diarrhea.In this study,the antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the AC rhizome part in mice was investigated.Methods:Three doses of methanolic extract of AC rhizome(MEACR)(25,50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt),three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of AC rhizome(HAACR)(100,200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt),and standards(imipramine,15 mg/kg b.wt and fluoxetine,20 mg/kg b.wt)was daily oral administration to the mice for consecutive 14 days.The extract effect on the immobility time was monitored by a tail suspension test(TST)and a forced swimming test(FST).Monoamine oxidase(MAO)levels were also analyzed using standard methods.Results:The optimum antidepressant activity was viewed at 100 mg/kg b.wt of MEACR extract and400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract with 23.82%and 20.59%immobility period reduction,respectively.Besides,the extracts weakened the FST-induced elevation of MAO activity significantly and returned to near-normal levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.100 mg/kg b.wt or above of MEACR extract significantly prevented the MAO-A and MAO-B activities in mice brain at a dose-dependent fashion.But,just 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract prevented the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.Fluoxetine and imipramine showed a tendency to prevent the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.Conclusion:This study suggests that AC rhizome extract mediated antidepressant activity by modulating the central neurochemical and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in response to FST and TSTinduced stress.Therefore,AC rhizome extract can be used as a valuable plant supplement to treat depressive disorders.

Assessments of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties in the Methanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Pistacia lentiscus against Different Antibiotic Resistance Pathogenic Bacteria

The current study was carried out to determine the bioactivity of P. lentiscus leaf extracts as potential antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The plant extracts were examined for antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis using the agar well method (according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). The antioxidant potential of 3 plant leaf extracts was determined by their ability to convert Fe3+ to Fe2+ and scavenge the DPPH free radical. At all concentrations studied, the methanolic leaf extract had higher total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as stronger antioxidant and antibacterial inhibitory activity compared to aqueous extract. Our findings with P. aeruginosa were especially interesting, because this bacterium was inhibited by methanol extract than that of the reference antibiotics. The results also demonstrated a link between DPPH radical scavenging ability, reducing power, and total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts (r > 0.97, R2 > 0.95, P = 0.01). As a result, the methanolic leaf extract of the chosen plant might be employed as an effective antioxidant and antibacterial agent for the treatment of a variety of morbidities.

Butein imparts free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma

The flower of Butea monosperma(Lam.)(Fabaceae)has been used in traditional Indian medicine in the treatment of many ailments including liver disorders.To understand the pharmacological basis of its beneficial effects,the extracts of dried flowers in water,methanol,butanol,ethyl acetate and acetone were evaluated for free radical scavenging and pro-apoptotic activities in cell cultures(human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line and immortalized AML-12 mouse hepatocytes).Butrin and butein-the active constituents of flower extracts-were used as reference molecules.The levels of cell injury markers like lactate dehydrogenase,glutathione and lipid peroxidation and primary antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase and catalase were also measured.The aqueous and butanolic extracts exhibited better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and cytotoxic activities in hepatoma cells than in immortalized hepatocytes.Interestingly,butein inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical better than butrin.The aqueous and butanolic extracts were further investigated for hepatoprotection against carbon tertrachloride-induced biochemical changes and cell death.Both extracts,just as butrin and butein,significantly reversed the cellular glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation,and glutathione–S-transferase activity.Lactate dehydrogenase leakage and cell death were also prevented.However,only butein revived the catalase activity.Thus,the butein content of Butea monosperma flower extracts is important for free radical scavenging activity,apoptotic cell death and protection against oxidative injury in hepatic cells.

Assessments of Immunological Activity of Achillea Millefolium Methanolic Extract on Albino Male Mice

Achillea millefolium （Asteraceae） is a permanent herb highly recognized in traditional medicine for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. However, studies on phytochemical constituents of A. millefolium underlying these properties are scarce. The present work focuses on examining the effect of methanol extract of A. millefolium L. on total and differential blood cells account on albino male mice. The results showed the methanol extract increased the account of lymphocyte, and monocyte cells, and total account as well as this extract showed high decrease in the oxidative stress of MTX after the interfere between the extract and MTX due to increase in the leucocyte cells compared with controls. Concluded from these results that methanol extract of A. millefolium has ability enhancement in leucocyte cells in the blood and it has detoxification effect of MTX.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract and Fractions of <i>Epilobium roseum</i>(Schreb.) against Bacterial Strains

Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the Epilobium roseum (Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. The various extracts of Epilobium roseum (Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The IC50 of the stem and root of methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed best activity ranged between 22.73 ± 6.92, 21.49 ± 6.26 and 14.94 ± 3.54, 13.92 ± 1.04 μg/ml compared to another fraction. The results support that Epilobium roseum can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The results support the present study that Epilobium roseum (Schreb) has a potential source of natural antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potentials.

Gc-Ms Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Mangosteen Leaf Extracts against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

The potential of Garcinia mangostana as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic bacteria which decrease the quality and volume of crop production worldwide was assessed. Mangosteen leaves were extracted by maceration using chloroform, n-hexane, and methanol. For the in vitro antibacterial activity, two dissimilar species of plant pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were acquired. Four different concentrations, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml were obtained through the cup-plate agar diffusion technique. Streptomycin sulphate at 30 μg/ml concentration was set as the positive control, whereas every respective solvent used in the leaf extraction was set as the negative control. The results have shown that, only methanol extract demonstrated antibacterial activity when tested on the plant pathogenic bacteria. The highest diameter of inhibition zones was observed in X. oryzae pv. oryzae, at all range of concentrations, followed by P. syringae pv. tomato. The least methanol extract concentration utilised in determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was at 1.562 mg/ml, inhibiting X. oryzae pv. oryzae, followed by P. syringe pv. tomato at a concentration 3.125 mg/ml. Antibacterial impacts of the most effectual extract of mangosteen crude were supported by the existence of chemical components identified by GC-MS. Cycloartenol, Caryophyllene, Docosane, Phenol, 4,4-Methylenebis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and Chromium were noted as key compounds in the mangosteen leaf extract, which were perhaps causing the antibacterial activity.

Screening and Analysis of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Psorospermum febrifugum(SPACH)

Phytochemical components have been reported for various plants but very little information on Psorospermum febrifugum(SPACH).The presence of biocidal activity makes the spach of potential interest for the control of mi­cro-organisms.Methanolic extract of the leaves of spach shows the various constituents(alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins,phenols,and ste­roids).Further investigation revealed phytoconstituents of methanolic leaf extract using gas chromatography-spectrophotometric techniques(GC-MS).Result of GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of eight(8)botanical pes­ticides with valuable biological activities.The GC-MS results revealed that eight(8)biocidal activities were present in spach namely:1,2,3,4-tetra­chloronaphtalene,Permetrin-a,permetrin-b,cyfluthrin-b,cypermethrin-a,cypermethrin-c,and flumethrin-b.The result clearly shows that Psorosper­mum febrifugum hold phytocomponents species of botanical interest that could still be exploited.

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles from leaf of Litchi chinensis and its biological activities

Objective: To synthesize and isolate silver and gold nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis leaf methanolic extract, and to evaluate its comparative biological activities including muscles relaxant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal. Methods: The gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by dissolving methanolic extract in gold chloride and silver nitrate solution separately which were confirmed by colour change and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and pellets were collected through centrifugation. Biological activities of the extract were conducted on BALB/c mice through various standard methods and the data were subjected to One-way ANOVA. Results: The colorless gold chloride solution changed to purple soon after the addition of plant extract, demonstrating that the reaction took place and gold ions were reduced to gold nanoparticles, while colorless silver nitrate solution changed to light and dark brown that was indicative of silver nanoparticles. The muscles relaxant activity showed that silver nanoparticles were more effective than gold nanoparticles and methanolic extract in traction test. The analgesic activity showed that silver and gold nanoparticles showed highest percentage decrease in acetic acid induced writhing at the doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w. The highest anti-inflammatory activity was produced by gold nanoparticles followed by silver nanoparticles, while low activity was observed in methanolic leaf extract. Only the crude methanolic extract showed significant antidiarrheal activity as compared to the standard drug atropine sulphate, while antidiarrheal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles were non-significant. Conclusions: The present work concludes that isolated silver and gold nanoparticles from leaf methanolic extract shows strong muscles relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities while crude methanolic extract possesses good antidiarrheal activity.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of <i>Massularia acuminata</i>Fractions against Bacterial and Fungal Isolates from the Oral Cavity

The research aimed at carrying out a comparative study on the effect of Massularia acuminata fractions against bacterial and fungi isolates from the oral cavity. The Antimicrobial assay was carried on the following test organism;Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemoniae,Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. From antifungal result, it was observed that the highest inhibition was observed in the ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminata on Rhyzopus stolonifer, Candida albican and Fusarium solani. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were also observed from the results to have an intermediate sensitivity to Aspergillus favus, Candida tropicalis, Candida albican, Rhyzopus stolonifer, Fusarium solani, while it was observed to be resistant to Fusarium solani, Rhyzopus stolonifer, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus favus for all the partitions of the extracts. From the antifungal effect of the M. acuminata fractions, it could be inferred that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts were quite effective in the inhibition of the fungi infections and the methanolic extract proved very infective on Candida albican, Rhyzopus stolonifer and Fusarium solani. From the result of the antibacterial effect of M. acuminata fractions, the highest inhibition was observed by the methanolic extract of Massularia acuminata against all the Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. Also the aqueous extract also had a less sensitivity against all the test microbes, as all proved resistant. It could be inferred that the fractions of the extracts were unable to inhibit the growth of the strain of gram positive bacteria and probably, the potency could be increased, if the concentrations of the methanolic, ethanolic extracts of Massularia acuminata and the standard drug, tetracycline are increased. Results obtained showed that ethanol was a better and more powerful solvent than water. Whereas, the methanolic extract and the standard drug were quite effective in the inhibition of some gram negative bacteria, Klebsiella pnuemoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Massularia acuminta possess antifungal and antibacterial potentials, compared with the aqueous extract and its potency as an inhibitor of bacterial and fungi organism found in the oral cavity.

Induction of seed germination in Orobanche spp.by extracts of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs

The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are likely to be unstable in the soil.Our objective was to investigate whether extracts from non-host plants,specifically,Chinese medicinal plants,could stimulate germination of Orobanche spp.Samples of 606 Chinese medicinal herb species were extracted with deionized water and methanol.The extracts were used to induce germination of three Orobanche species;Orobanche minor,Orobanche cumana,and Orobanche aegyptiaca.O.minor exhibited a wide range of germination responses to the various herbal extracts.O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca exhibited an intermediate germination response to the herbal extracts.O.minor,which has a narrow host spectrum,showed higher germination rates in response to different herbal extracts compared with those of O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca,which have a broader host spectrum.Methanolic extracts of many Chinese herbal species effectively stimulated seed germination among the Orobanche spp.,even though they were not the typical hosts.The effective herbs represent interesting examples of potential trap crops.Different countries can also screen extracts from indigenous herbaceous plants for their ability to induce germination of Orobanche spp.seeds.The use of such species as trap plants could diminish the global soil seed bank of Orobanche.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Syzygium operculatum(Roxb.)Niedz.bark

Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the methanol extract of Syzygium operculatum bark(MSOB)using in vivo and in vitro models.Methods:Antidiabetic activity was assessed by using alloxan induced(120 mg/kg body weight)diabetic mice.The plant extract(200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight)was administrated i.p.to diabetic mice in comparison with standard metformin hydrochloride(150 mg/kg body weight).The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by using a range of in vitro assays and results were compared to standards.Results:The extract MSOB 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg reduced the blood glucose level 44.05%and 55.53%respectively where the standard drug metformin reduced 69.42%in dose of 150 mg/kg body weight.The extract MSOB showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total phenol content,total flavonoid content and reducing power capacity compared to standards.The IC_(50)values were found 300.34μg/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay where 40.31μg/mL for ascorbic acid.The total phenol and flavonoid contents were 197.5 and 267.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram,respectively.Conclusions:The present study indicates that the extract of Syzygium operculatum bark is the potential sources of natural antioxidant and possesses significant antidiabetic activities.

Effect of methanol extract of Synsepalum dulcificum pulp on some biochemical parameters in albino rats

Objective:To determine the beneficial effects of the methanol extract of Synsepalum dulcificum on some biochemical parameters.Methods:In this study,rats were orally administered(gavage)with methanol extracts at doses of 0 mg/kg(Group 1,as normal group),100 mg/kg(Group 2),200 mg/kg(Group 3)and 500 mg/kg(Group 4)body weight per day for 28 d.Results:Acute toxicity study showed that the methanol extract was not toxic to rats up to 5000 mg/kg.From the results,the 100 mg/kg doses of the extract significantly(P<0.05)reduced serum levels of bilirubin,low density lipoprotein,alanine aminotransferase and glucose after 14 d compared with those after 28 d.A significant difference(P<0.05)was observed in the malondialdehyde and serum protein concentration in Group 4 while glucose concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05)in Group 1 and Group 4 after 14 d compared with 28 d.The high density lipoprotein significantly increased(P<0.05)in Group 3.Conclusions:The fruit has no negative effect on some biochemical parameters in albino rats.

Phytochemical screening and GC-MS determination of bioactive constituents from methanol leaf extract of Senna occidentalis

Objective:To identify the active ingredients presented in methanol extract of Senna occidentalis(S.occidentalis).Methods:Dried powdered leaves of S.occidentalis were extracted with methanol by Soxhlet extraction and the extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening by using standard procedure and methods.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)analysis was performed by comprising a GC-MS(model:QP2010 Plus Shimadzu,Japan)comprising an AOC-20i auto-sampler and gas-chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer.Results:The phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins,alkaloids,glycoside,flavonoids,steroids,saponins,anthraquinones and phlobatannins while cardiac glycoside was not detected.GC-MS chromatogram showed nine peaks.A total of 31 compounds were identified when the mass spectra of the constituents was compared with the National Institute Standard and Technology library.The first compounds identified with less retention time(15.929 s)were n-hexadecanoic acid,octadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid while decanoic acid,decyl ester,ether,octadecyl vinyl,oleic acid,hexyl ester,stearic acid,octadecyl ester and decyl fluoride took the longest retention time(20.600 s)for identification.Conclusions:The presence of these compounds in the plant extract may at least be responsible for one of the pharmacological properties of S.occidentalis and thus could be of considerable interest to the development of new drugs.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of A Novel Isomeric Molecule(PF5)Obtained from Methanolic Extract of Pleurotus Florida Mushroom

The Pleurotus florida is recognized as a medicinal and edible mushroom and the present study intends to reveal the active isomeric molecules from this mushroom.The P.florida was cultivated using different nutrient supplements:groundnut husk,maize powder,horse gram powder and coconut oil-cake powder.Horse gram supplement showed the higher mushroom yield and henceit was used for the cultivation of P.florida.Methanolic extract of P.florida was found to be efficient in antioxidant activity among ethanol,aqueous,ethyl acetate and hexane extracts.The bioactive fraction 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid(PF5)was isolated and purified from the methanolic extract of P.florida by column chromatography,thin layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrum(GC-MS)and further it was characterized by Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The PF5 was tested for its DPPH and reducing power assays,and the IC_(50) values were found to be 21.7μg/mL and 105μg/mL,respectively.We found that the cytotoxic effect of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid was tested against the lung cancer cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT),sulphorodamine B(SRB)and trypan blue assays which exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect(CTC_(50),645μg/mL).These results suggested that 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid from P.florida could be explored as a novel and potent natural antioxidant and cancer preventive agent,alternative to existing synthetic molecules.

印度药用植物Meyna spinosa Roxb.叶中的总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化作用(英文)

AIM: The objective of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of different leaf extracts of Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link, a traditional medicinal plant of India. METHODS: Free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether extracts of Meyna spinosa leaves were investigated using several in vitro and ex vivo assays, including the 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, metal chelating assay, and reducing power ability method. Total antioxidant activity of the extracts was estimated by the ferric thiocyanate method. Inhibition assay of lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis were also performed to confirm the protective effect of the extracts. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extracts were estimated using standard chemical assay procedures. RESULTS: Methanol extracts showed the highest polyphenolic content and possessed the better antioxidant activity than the other two extracts. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the methanol extract were (90.08 ± 0.44) mg gallic acid equivalents/g and (58.50 ± 0.09) mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC 50 of the methanol extract in the DPPH , superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and metal chelating assays were (16.4 ± 0.41), (35.9 ± 0.19), (24.1 ± 0.33), (23.7 ± 0.09), (126.8 ± 2.92), and (117.2 ± 1.01) μg·mL-1 , respectively. The methanol extract showed potent reducing power ability, total antioxidant activity, and significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation and oxidative hemolysis which was similar to that of standards. CONCLUSION: The results indicated a direct correlation between the antioxidant activity and the polyphenolic content of the extracts, which may the foremost contributors to the antioxidant activity of the plant. The present study confirmed that the methanol extract of Meyna spinosa leaves is a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Antimicrobial properties of marine seaweed,Sargassum muticum against human pathogens

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the seaweed,Sargassum muticum(S.muticum)collected from Pudumadam,Ramanathapuram,Tamil Nadu,India.Methods:Crude solvent extracts of S.muticum were obtained by using Soxhlet extraction and the solvents like acetone,methanol and chloroform.These different extracts were tested against different human bacterial pathogens such as Micrococcus sp.,Staphylococcus aureus(methicillin resistance),Salmonella paratyphi B,Staphylococcus epidermis(3615),Enterobacter aerogenus(111),Klebsiella pneumonia(109),Shigella fleschneri(1457)(S.fleschneri),Proteus vulgaris(1771),Staphylococcus aureus(96)and Salmonella typhymurium(SP7)which were obtained from Microbial Type Culture Collection,Indian Institute of Microbial Technology,Chandigarh,India.Results:The results revealed that acetone extract had unveiled the maximum of 11 mm zone of inhibition at 40μL against S.fleschneri.Similar zone of inhibition(11 mm)was also observed at 50μL against Micrococcus sp.and S.fleschneri.Followed by acetone extract,chloroform extract also contributed 11 mm zone of inhibition against S.fleschneri and Salmonella paratyphi B at 40 and 50μL respectively.Besides,methanol extracts revealed meager antibacterial activity(9 mm).Conclusions:The present investigation suggests that the phytochemical constituent of the S.muticum might be suitable agents for the control of human deadly diseases.