The spread of antibiotic resistance, whether in the community or in the hospital, has recently become a major public health problem. Moreover, livestock seems to be a reservoir of resistant microorganisms such as porc...The spread of antibiotic resistance, whether in the community or in the hospital, has recently become a major public health problem. Moreover, livestock seems to be a reservoir of resistant microorganisms such as porcine methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P-MRSA) whose carriage and transmission was mainly demonstrated in persons with occupational exposure to pigs. Much uncertainty remains about the public health implications of P-MRSA. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that pig carriers pose to breeders, the prevalence of P-MRSA in pigs and pig breeders was determined among 152 pig breeders in three regions of Cameroon. Materials and Method: Participants in this study came from Adamawa, Far North and Littoral regions of Cameroon. A total of 152 pig breeders or farm workers participated in this study. After having collected some social and cultural data with the aid of a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from pigs (n = 275) and their breeders using the standard collection procedures and placed in cooler containing cold accumulators. For each sample, microbiological assays were done as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results: MRSA was isolated from 25 out of 275 pigs sampled (9.09%) and from 32 out of 152 (21.05%) pig breeders sampled;33 breeders (21.71%) were carriers of S. aureus including 32 MRSA and one MSSA. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 21.05% ± 6.48. A significant negative association between body protection and nasal carriage of MRSA (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.093;0.93];p = 0.04) was observed. In each region, similar strains of MRSA were isolated both in pigs and their breeders with the same antibiotic resistant profile. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA though not high compared to European countries warrants further research as data on this zoonosis is scarce in our context. As such, transmission of MRSA from pigs to pig breeders or vice-versa constitutes a real danger, and this relationship may be a starting point for MRSA contamination in the community. Moreover, proper use of body protections and antibiotic medications as recommended will be a better protective measure against nasal MRSA carriage.展开更多
Diabetes is a chronic disease that is considered one of the most stubborn global health problems that continues to defy the efforts of scientists and physicians.The prevalence of diabetes in the global population cont...Diabetes is a chronic disease that is considered one of the most stubborn global health problems that continues to defy the efforts of scientists and physicians.The prevalence of diabetes in the global population continues to grow to alarming levels year after year,causing an increase in the incidence of diabetes complications and health care costs all over the world.One major complication of diabetes is the high susceptibility to infections especially in the lower limbs due to the immunocompromised state of diabetic patients,which is considered a definitive factor in all cases.Diabetic foot infections continue to be one of the most common infections in diabetic patients that are associated with a high risk of serious complications such as bone infection,limb amputations,and life-threatening systemic infections.In this review,we discussed the circumstances associated with the high risk of infection in diabetic patients as well as some of the most commonly isolated pathogens from diabetic foot infections and the related virulence behavior.In addition,we shed light on the different treatment strategies that aim at eradicating the infection.展开更多
Septic arthritis of acromioclavicular （AC） joint is a rare entity. It is generally seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Only 15 cases have been reported till now, with only one case series of 6 patients, We r...Septic arthritis of acromioclavicular （AC） joint is a rare entity. It is generally seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Only 15 cases have been reported till now, with only one case series of 6 patients, We report a case of septic arthritis of AC joint in an immunocompetent child. A 9 years old girl presented with history of pain in left shoulder for 4 days associated with fever, No history suggestive of any immunocompromised state was complained. On local examination, a swelling of around 3 cm in diameter was found over left AC joint region with raised local temperature, tenderness on palpation and positive response in fluctuation test. Total leukocyte count was 18.7 - 109/L with 80% of neutrophils. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） was 28 mm/1 h. C-reactive protein （CRP） was 12 mg/L. X-ray showed enlarged left AC joint space. Ultrasound revealed hypoechoic collection in the AC joint and the surrounding area. The aspirate was thick and purulent in nature, revealing Gram positive cocci at staining. Arthrotomy and thorough lavage of AC joint was done. Culture of the aspirate showed Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus （MRSA） after 48 hours that was sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, erythromycin and teicoplanin. Patient was symptom-free at 2 months of follow-up with no signs of osteomyelitis on the radiographs. Thus this is the first case of AC joint septic arthritis in healthy individual. Being proximal to the shoulder joint, AC joint septic arthritis can be confused with the shoulder joint septic arthritis. Thus, high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis.展开更多
文摘The spread of antibiotic resistance, whether in the community or in the hospital, has recently become a major public health problem. Moreover, livestock seems to be a reservoir of resistant microorganisms such as porcine methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P-MRSA) whose carriage and transmission was mainly demonstrated in persons with occupational exposure to pigs. Much uncertainty remains about the public health implications of P-MRSA. To address concerns that exist regarding the zoonotic risk that pig carriers pose to breeders, the prevalence of P-MRSA in pigs and pig breeders was determined among 152 pig breeders in three regions of Cameroon. Materials and Method: Participants in this study came from Adamawa, Far North and Littoral regions of Cameroon. A total of 152 pig breeders or farm workers participated in this study. After having collected some social and cultural data with the aid of a questionnaire, nasal swabs were collected from pigs (n = 275) and their breeders using the standard collection procedures and placed in cooler containing cold accumulators. For each sample, microbiological assays were done as well as antibiotic susceptibility tests. Results: MRSA was isolated from 25 out of 275 pigs sampled (9.09%) and from 32 out of 152 (21.05%) pig breeders sampled;33 breeders (21.71%) were carriers of S. aureus including 32 MRSA and one MSSA. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 21.05% ± 6.48. A significant negative association between body protection and nasal carriage of MRSA (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.093;0.93];p = 0.04) was observed. In each region, similar strains of MRSA were isolated both in pigs and their breeders with the same antibiotic resistant profile. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRSA though not high compared to European countries warrants further research as data on this zoonosis is scarce in our context. As such, transmission of MRSA from pigs to pig breeders or vice-versa constitutes a real danger, and this relationship may be a starting point for MRSA contamination in the community. Moreover, proper use of body protections and antibiotic medications as recommended will be a better protective measure against nasal MRSA carriage.
文摘Diabetes is a chronic disease that is considered one of the most stubborn global health problems that continues to defy the efforts of scientists and physicians.The prevalence of diabetes in the global population continues to grow to alarming levels year after year,causing an increase in the incidence of diabetes complications and health care costs all over the world.One major complication of diabetes is the high susceptibility to infections especially in the lower limbs due to the immunocompromised state of diabetic patients,which is considered a definitive factor in all cases.Diabetic foot infections continue to be one of the most common infections in diabetic patients that are associated with a high risk of serious complications such as bone infection,limb amputations,and life-threatening systemic infections.In this review,we discussed the circumstances associated with the high risk of infection in diabetic patients as well as some of the most commonly isolated pathogens from diabetic foot infections and the related virulence behavior.In addition,we shed light on the different treatment strategies that aim at eradicating the infection.
文摘Septic arthritis of acromioclavicular （AC） joint is a rare entity. It is generally seen in patients who are immunocompromised. Only 15 cases have been reported till now, with only one case series of 6 patients, We report a case of septic arthritis of AC joint in an immunocompetent child. A 9 years old girl presented with history of pain in left shoulder for 4 days associated with fever, No history suggestive of any immunocompromised state was complained. On local examination, a swelling of around 3 cm in diameter was found over left AC joint region with raised local temperature, tenderness on palpation and positive response in fluctuation test. Total leukocyte count was 18.7 - 109/L with 80% of neutrophils. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） was 28 mm/1 h. C-reactive protein （CRP） was 12 mg/L. X-ray showed enlarged left AC joint space. Ultrasound revealed hypoechoic collection in the AC joint and the surrounding area. The aspirate was thick and purulent in nature, revealing Gram positive cocci at staining. Arthrotomy and thorough lavage of AC joint was done. Culture of the aspirate showed Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus （MRSA） after 48 hours that was sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, erythromycin and teicoplanin. Patient was symptom-free at 2 months of follow-up with no signs of osteomyelitis on the radiographs. Thus this is the first case of AC joint septic arthritis in healthy individual. Being proximal to the shoulder joint, AC joint septic arthritis can be confused with the shoulder joint septic arthritis. Thus, high index of suspicion is required for accurate diagnosis.
