Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Based on Landscape Ecology Theory:A Case Study of Waterfront Landscape Planning and Design of Dapo Town

With the rapid development of urbanization,landscape architecture has become an indispensable component of daily life.In order to achieve better landscape effects and protect the ecological environment,landscape ecology theory can be integrated into landscape planning to carry out disciplinary crossing and integration research between landscape ecology and landscape architecture.In this study,based on the basic theories of landscape ecology,the waterfront landscape of Dapo Town was designed,with the aim to achieve ecological balance in planning,showcase biodiversity,and create a harmonious landscape ecological environment which can benefit both nature and people.This design combined artificial and natural elements while improving the natural environment,which promoted a harmonious relationship between humans and nature,thus enriching the spatial organization of the city,and playing a role in regulating the urban environment and climate.

Design Theory and Method of Complex Products:A Review

Design is a high-level and complex thinking activity of human beings,using existing knowledge and technology to solve problems and create new things.With the rise and development of intelligent manufacturing,design has increasingly reflected its importance in the product life cycle.Firstly,the concept and connotation of complex product design is expounded systematically,and the different types of design are discussed.The four schools of design theory are introduced,including universal design,axiomatic design,TRIZ and general design.Then the research status of complex product design is analyzed,such as innovative design,digital design,modular design,reliability optimization design,etc.Finally,three key scientific issues worthy of research in the future are indicated,and five research trends of“newer,better,smarter,faster,and greener”are summarized,aiming to provide references for the equipment design and manufacturing industry.

A symmetric substructuring method for analyzing the natural frequencies of conical origami structures

Conical origami structures are characterized by their substantial out-of-plane stiffness and energy-absorptioncapacity.Previous investigations have commonly focused on the static characteristics of these lightweight struc-tures.However,the efficient analysis of the natural vibrations of these structures is pivotal for designing conicalorigami structures with programmable stiffness and mass.In this paper,we propose a novel method to analyzethe natural vibrations of such structures by combining a symmetric substructuring method(SSM)and a gener-alized eigenvalue analysis.SSM exploits the inherent symmetry of the structure to decompose it into a finiteset of repetitive substructures.In doing so,we reduce the dimensions of matrices and improve computationalefficiency by adopting the stiffness and mass matrices of the substructures in the generalized eigenvalue analysis.Finite element simulations of pin-jointed models are used to validate the computational results of the proposedapproach.Moreover,the parametric analysis of the structures demonstrates the influences of the number of seg-ments along the circumference and the radius of the cone on the structural mass and natural frequencies of thestructures.Furthermore,we present a comparison between six-fold and four-fold conical origami structures anddiscuss the influence of various geometric parameters on their natural frequencies.This study provides a strategyfor efficiently analyzing the natural vibration of symmetric origami structures and has the potential to contributeto the efficient design and customization of origami metastructures with programmable stiffness.

Application of Fractal Theory in Landscape Design

Research and application of fractal theory in landscape design has greatly enriched the concepts and techniques of garden creation,and pushed forward landscape design closer to the natural world.By elaborating internal connection between fractal theory and landscape design,this paper uses iterative function system of the fractal theory and matlab to draw fractal trees.Two designed experiments demonstrate that the fractal theory can be employed to realize the vivid drawing of natural landscapes with the support of limited data.Therefore,fractal theory is a practical tool used to draw vivid natural landscapes efficiently.

Preliminary Discussion on Application of “3W” Teaching Method in Architectural Design Course

Architectural design course is the main course of architecture major.“Master-apprentice” guidance is the main mode of architectural design course teaching.How to teach between teachers and apprentices? Architectural design teachers in different colleges and universities do not have a unified approach,which easily leads to confusion in teaching.This study put forward “ 3W ” teaching method,and made a preliminary discussion on its concept,structure and application.“ 3W ” method is a method that the architectural design instructor uses three progressive questions to guide the whole process of architectural design.Through a detailed discussion of the three questions,it showed that this method was a building design guiding method with simple operation,easy grasp and adaptability.

Discussion on Teaching Reform of Preliminary Landscape Design

Traditional Preliminary Landscape Design teaching had the following disadvantages:① Teaching achievements mainly showed as the onerous graphics and its assignments were in the mechanical and flowing form.② The majority of teaching liked to imitate the model charts.③ Student's creative thinking cannot be developed because of the fixed teaching mode.④ In the external environment,computer was applied in design industry widely,landscape performance has gradually separated from landscape design,design capacity and essence are paid much more attention.Therefore many needed reforms were made at a large scale in 2008.After the adjustment,the course of Preliminary Landscape Design was opened in the second semester of Grade 1 and was finished within one semester with the total 48 credit hours.Teaching content was the introduction to landscape design.This teaching reform put forward 4 types of new teaching methods:stimulate students' interest-introducing into scale model making;interactive teaching-landscaping surveying and mapping practice;heuristic teaching-spatial cognition;full-scale model-the small garden design.

Based on Design Method of Regional Architecture

In face of energy crisis,raw materials exhaustion,environmental pollution and other environmental issues caused by the current social and economic development model,theory and method of regional architecture have been noted and studied by persons in the field of architecture and ecology.In the paper,the author analyzes architectural region,interprets regional architecture of Mario Botta and summarizes organic theory with a view to recognizing the importance of regional architecture method and reflecting on the significance of architectural region theories at the present times under the background of current globalization and information era.

RHOMBUS THINKING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN SCHEME DESIGN

Rhombus thinking, a new creative thinking method,is the combination of divergent thinking process and convergent thinking process,in which qualitative analysis is carried out before quantitative analysis This method tries to solve the bottle neck problem in intelligent CAD based on the extension theory The rhombus thinking method to the scheme design of new products is applied In this process, firstly, the matter element expression for the know information are set up, and then a set of matter elements are opened up by matter elements extension method; Finally,the useful information are got by appraisal method of dependent degree It has been successfully applied to the scheme design for the cutter store of machining center Theoretical and experimental results demonstrated fhat the method is much more accurate,objective and efficient than the traditional one

The Conceptual Design Method for a Pumping Unit Based on QFD and TRIZ

Quality function deployment （QFD） is a quality system, that can help to design novel products that meet customers＇ needs. Theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） is a very powerful tool in helping to solve difficult technical problems encountered in the design process. Introducing QFD and TRIZ into the conceptual design of the pumping unit combines advantages of these two theories, therefore meeting different demands of different users. It can tell us “What should we do it” with QFD and “How should we do it” with TRIZ. The conceptual design method, which is based on QFD and TRIZ, is introduced andused to analyze and evaluate the conceptual design project of a pumping unit.

Probabilistic limit state design methodof the axial resistance of post grouting pile

The reliability of post grouting pile axial resistance was studied by proposing a design method for its probabilistic limit state,which is represented by the partial coefficients of load,end,and side resistance.The hyperbolic,modified hyperbolic,and polynomial models were employed to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles that were not loaded to damage in field tests.The results were used for the calculation and calibration of the reliability index.The reliability of the probabilistic limit state design method was verified by an engineering case.The results show that the prediction results obtained from the modified hyperbolic model are closest to those obtained through the static load test.The proposed corresponding values of total,side,and end resistance partial coefficients are 1.84,1.66,and 2.73 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.1 and 1.4,respectively.Meanwhile,the corresponding partial coefficients of total,side,and end resistance are 1.70,1.56,and 2.34 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.2 and 1.4,respectively.

Theories and Methods of Landscape Architecture Heritage Protection

This paper firstly made an overview of foreign and domestic theories and methods of landscape architecture heritage protection.It studied the landscape architecture heritage from policies and regulations,investment management,talent cultivation,and popular science education.Then,it discussed problems of landscape architecture heritage protection in China:lack of legislation,weak awareness of heritage resources,overdevelopment of heritage resources,and vacancy in management and monitoring of heritage resources.Finally,it came up with recommendations that competent authorities of Chinese government should attach greater importance to heritage management,talent cultivation,and fund input,integrate with advanced management methods of developed countries,and exploring a landscape architecture heritage protection and management mode suitable for national conditions of China at levels of thought,methods,and technology.

Improving the structural efficiency of textured threedimensional concrete printing wall by architectural design

Three-dimensional concrete printing(3DCP)technology begins to be adopted into construction application worldwide.Recent studies have focused on producing a higher concrete quality and offering a user-friendly construction process.Still,the 3DCP construction cost is unlikely to be lower than that of conventional construction,which is especially important for projects where the cost is sensitive.To broaden the 3DCP construction applications,reduction of the quantity of 3DCP material usage is needed.This work aims to perform structural analysis of several patterns of geometric textured 3DCP shell wall structures.21 different cantilevered textured patterns of 3DCP shell wall structures were architecturally designed and then subjected to structural analysis by a finite element method(FEM).The results indicated that by designing appropriate patterns,the structural performance to weight ratio could be improved up to 300%.The study therefore offers an innovative design process for constructing 3DCP housing and suggests preconstruction analysis methods for 3DCP shell wall structures.

Estimating Design Loads with Environmental Contour Approach Using Copulas for an Offshore Jacket Platform

Jacket-type offshore platforms are widely used for oil, gas field, and energy development in shallow water. The design of a jacket structure is highly dependent on target environmental variables. This study focuses on a strategy to estimate design loads for offshore jacket structures based on an environmental contour approach. In addition to the popular conditional distribution model, various classes of bivariate copulas are adopted to construct joint distributions of environmental variables. Analytical formulations of environmental contours based on various models are presented and discussed in this study. The design loads are examined by dynamic response analysis of jacket platform. Results suggest that the conditional model is not recommended for use in estimating design loads in sampling locations due to poor fitting results. Independent copula produces conservative design loads and the extreme response obtained using the conditional model are smaller than those determined by copulas. The suitability of a model for contour construction varies with the origin of wave data. This study provides a reference for the design load estimation of jacket structures and offers an alternative procedure to determine the design criteria for offshore structures.

Giorgio Vasari and Mannerist Architecture： A Marriage of Beauty and Function in Urban Spaces

The first part of this essay deals with Giorgio Vasari＇s conception of architecture in sixteenth-century Italy, and the second part examines Vasari＇s practical application of one of his constructions, the loggia （open gallery or arcade） or corridoio （corridor）. The essay also discusses the merits of Vasari＇s open gallery （loggia） as a vernacular architectural construct with egalitarian functions and Vasari＇s principles of architecture （design, rule, order, and proportion） and beauty （delight and necessity） for the formulation of the theory of art in Mannerism, a sixteenth-century style of art.

Study on the System Design of Multiple Expert Systems Integrated Decision Support System

There has been an increasing interest in integrating decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) to provide decision makers a more accessible, productive and domain-independent information and computing environment. This paper is aimed at designing a multiple expert systems integrated decision support system (MESIDSS) to enhance decision makers' ability in more complex cases. The basic framework, management system of multiple ESs, and functions of MESIDSS are presented. The applications of MESIDSS in large-scale decision making processes are discussed from the following aspects of problem decomposing, dynamic combination of multiple ESs, link of multiple bases and decision coordinating. Finally, a summary and some ideas for the future are presented.

Robust optimization design on impeller of mixed-flow pump

To increase the robustness of the optimization solutions of the mixed-flow pump,the impeller was firstly indirectly parameterized based on the 2D blade design theory.Secondly,the robustness of the optimization solution was mathematically defined,and then calculated by Monte Carlo sampling method.Thirdly,the optimization on the mixed-flow pump′s impeller was decomposed into the optimal and robust sub-optimization problems,to maximize the pump head and efficiency and minimize the fluctuation degree of them under varying working conditions at the same time.Fourthly,using response surface model,a surrogate model was established between the optimization objectives and control variables of the shape of the impeller.Finally,based on a multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm,a two-loop iterative optimization process was designed to find the optimal solution with good robustness.Comparing the original and optimized pump,it is found that the internal flow field of the optimized pump has been improved under various operating conditions,the hydraulic performance has been improved consequently,and the range of high efficient zone has also been widened.Besides,with the changing of working conditions,the change trend of the hydraulic performance of the optimized pump becomes gentler,the flow field distribution is more uniform,and the influence degree of the varia-tion of working conditions decreases,and the operating stability of the pump is improved.It is concluded that the robust optimization method proposed in this paper is a reasonable way to optimize the mixed-flow pump,and provides references for optimization problems of other fluid machinery.

Web-Based Synthetic Optimization Design System of Micro-Components

In order to meet the requirement of network synthesis optimization design for a micro component, a three-level information frame and functional module based on web was proposed. Firstly, the finite element method （FEM） was used to analyze the dynamic property of coupled-energy-domain of virtual prototype instances and to obtain some optimal information data. Secondly, the rough set theory （RST） and the genetic algorithm （GA） were used to work out the reduction of attributes and the acquisition of principle of optimality and to confirm key variable and restriction condition in the synthesis optimization design. Finally, the regression analysis （RA） and GA were used to establish the synthesis optimization design model and carry on the optimization design. A corresponding prototype system was also developed and the synthesis optimization design of a thermal actuated micro-pump was carded out as a demonstration in this paper.

纤维增强复合材料加固混凝土桥梁结构研究进展

为总结纤维增强复合材料(FRP)在混凝土桥梁加固中的研究成果,拓宽FRP加固桥梁的思路,推动其在桥梁加固领域的广泛应用,阐述了FRP加固方法的发展及其特点,系统梳理了FRP加固方法在混凝土桥梁的研究进展。根据加固机理的不同,从抗弯加固、抗剪加固、抗压加固三方面加以归纳总结,介绍了几种常见的FRP加固方式、影响因素、破坏模式及其设计理论;分析了当前研究的不足,由此提出了一些可以继续深入研究的问题。结果表明:目前研究较多的有外贴FRP法、预应力FRP技术、表层嵌入法、FRP网格加固技术,其在不同的设计参数和使用条件下呈现出不同的破坏模式;外贴FRP片材容易过早发生剥离破坏,可以通过一些锚固措施提升界面黏结性,其中HB-FRP加固技术的锚固效果最好;预应力FRP加固技术因具有较高的材料强度利用率而展现出良好的应用前景;后续应深入研究FRP加固设计理论,综合考虑各参数对加固结构性能的影响,建立统一可靠且实用的计算模型;应进一步研究既有混凝土加固结构在多因素耦合作用下的长期性能和耐久性能,完善FRP加固混凝土桥梁设计方法和规范体系。

中国风景园林理论体系建设回顾与展望

【目的】梳理20世纪80年代以来中国风景园林理论体系研究的内容及发展脉络,综合评析风景园林理论体系建设的发展水平,以期为进一步推动风景园林理论体系建设提供思路,从而促进学科理论、方法和技术的发展。【方法】从理论体系建构的不同视角或维度出发,归纳、比较和反思中国风景园林理论体系建设的途径、思路和方法,发掘看待风景园林理论与实践相关现象的不同方式。【结果】辨别和剖析了传统体系、设计体系、空间体系、知识体系、学科体系5种理论体系的异同与关联,以及对学科理论发展的影响和作用,并剖析了学科理论发展过程中存在的诸多问题。【结论】理论体系的建构能够促进对学科内在和外在关系的思考,可视为中国风景园林学科与专业理论发展的结晶,借此把握学科理论的发展动向,并以开放式的答案与认知面对当前的困境。