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Optimizing Average Electric Power During the Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries Through the Taguchi Method
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作者 Mohd H.S.Alrashdan 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2024年第2期152-166,共15页
In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries fa... In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17 W during charging were designed and simulated in the range of 0-12000 s using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This study efficiently employs the Taguchi optimization technique to develop lithium-ion batteries capable of storing a predetermined average electric power during the charging phase. Therefore, this method enables the battery to achieve complete charging within a specific timeframe tailored to a specificapplication. The implementation of this method can save costs, time, and materials compared with other alternative methods, such as the trial-and-error approach. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium-ion batteries average electric power during charging Taguchi method COMSOL Multiphysics software C rate L27 orthogonal array
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Solving Multi-Objective Linear Programming Problem by Statistical Averaging Method with the Help of Fuzzy Programming Method
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作者 Samsun Nahar Marin Akter Md. Abdul Alim 《American Journal of Operations Research》 2023年第2期19-32,共14页
A multi-objective linear programming problem is made from fuzzy linear programming problem. It is due the fact that it is used fuzzy programming method during the solution. The Multi objective linear programming probl... A multi-objective linear programming problem is made from fuzzy linear programming problem. It is due the fact that it is used fuzzy programming method during the solution. The Multi objective linear programming problem can be converted into the single objective function by various methods as Chandra Sen’s method, weighted sum method, ranking function method, statistical averaging method. In this paper, Chandra Sen’s method and statistical averaging method both are used here for making single objective function from multi-objective function. Two multi-objective programming problems are solved to verify the result. One is numerical example and the other is real life example. Then the problems are solved by ordinary simplex method and fuzzy programming method. It can be seen that fuzzy programming method gives better optimal values than the ordinary simplex method. 展开更多
关键词 Fuzzy Programming method Fuzzy Linear Programming Problem Multi-Objective Linear Programming Problem Statistical averaging method New Statistical averaging method
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Studies on Stochastic Parametric Roll of Ship with Stochastic Averaging Method 被引量:4
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作者 WANG Li-yuan TANG You-gang +2 位作者 LI Yan ZHANG Jing-chen LIU Li-qin 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2020年第2期289-298,共10页
The paper studies the parametric stochastic roll motion in the random waves.The differential equation of the ship parametric roll under random wave is established with considering the nonlinear damping and ship speed.... The paper studies the parametric stochastic roll motion in the random waves.The differential equation of the ship parametric roll under random wave is established with considering the nonlinear damping and ship speed.Random sea surface is treated as a narrow-band stochastic process,and the stochastic parametric excitation is studied based on the effective wave theory.The nonlinear restored arm function obtained from the numerical simulation is expressed as the approximate analytic function.By using the stochastic averaging method,the differential equation of motion is transformed into Ito’s stochastic differential equation.The steady-state probability density function of roll motion is obtained,and the results are validated with the numerical simulation and model test. 展开更多
关键词 parametric roll random wave stochastic averaging method probability density function
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Quantum generative adversarial networks based on a readout error mitigation method with fault tolerant mechanism
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作者 赵润盛 马鸿洋 +2 位作者 程涛 王爽 范兴奎 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期285-295,共11页
Readout errors caused by measurement noise are a significant source of errors in quantum circuits,which severely affect the output results and are an urgent problem to be solved in noisy-intermediate scale quantum(NIS... Readout errors caused by measurement noise are a significant source of errors in quantum circuits,which severely affect the output results and are an urgent problem to be solved in noisy-intermediate scale quantum(NISQ)computing.In this paper,we use the bit-flip averaging(BFA)method to mitigate frequent readout errors in quantum generative adversarial networks(QGAN)for image generation,which simplifies the response matrix structure by averaging the qubits for each random bit-flip in advance,successfully solving problems with high cost of measurement for traditional error mitigation methods.Our experiments were simulated in Qiskit using the handwritten digit image recognition dataset under the BFA-based method,the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence of the generated images converges to 0.04,0.05,and 0.1 for readout error probabilities of p=0.01,p=0.05,and p=0.1,respectively.Additionally,by evaluating the fidelity of the quantum states representing the images,we observe average fidelity values of 0.97,0.96,and 0.95 for the three readout error probabilities,respectively.These results demonstrate the robustness of the model in mitigating readout errors and provide a highly fault tolerant mechanism for image generation models. 展开更多
关键词 readout errors quantum generative adversarial networks bit-flip averaging method fault tolerant mechanisms
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Improved Double Deep Q Network Algorithm Based on Average Q-Value Estimation and Reward Redistribution for Robot Path Planning
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作者 Yameng Yin Lieping Zhang +3 位作者 Xiaoxu Shi Yilin Wang Jiansheng Peng Jianchu Zou 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第11期2769-2790,共22页
By integrating deep neural networks with reinforcement learning,the Double Deep Q Network(DDQN)algorithm overcomes the limitations of Q-learning in handling continuous spaces and is widely applied in the path planning... By integrating deep neural networks with reinforcement learning,the Double Deep Q Network(DDQN)algorithm overcomes the limitations of Q-learning in handling continuous spaces and is widely applied in the path planning of mobile robots.However,the traditional DDQN algorithm suffers from sparse rewards and inefficient utilization of high-quality data.Targeting those problems,an improved DDQN algorithm based on average Q-value estimation and reward redistribution was proposed.First,to enhance the precision of the target Q-value,the average of multiple previously learned Q-values from the target Q network is used to replace the single Q-value from the current target Q network.Next,a reward redistribution mechanism is designed to overcome the sparse reward problem by adjusting the final reward of each action using the round reward from trajectory information.Additionally,a reward-prioritized experience selection method is introduced,which ranks experience samples according to reward values to ensure frequent utilization of high-quality data.Finally,simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in fixed-position scenario and random environments.The experimental results show that compared to the traditional DDQN algorithm,the proposed algorithm achieves shorter average running time,higher average return and fewer average steps.The performance of the proposed algorithm is improved by 11.43%in the fixed scenario and 8.33%in random environments.It not only plans economic and safe paths but also significantly improves efficiency and generalization in path planning,making it suitable for widespread application in autonomous navigation and industrial automation. 展开更多
关键词 Double Deep Q Network path planning average Q-value estimation reward redistribution mechanism reward-prioritized experience selection method
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COMPLEX INNER PRODUCT AVERAGING METHOD FOR CALCULATING NORMAL FORM OF ODE
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作者 CHEN Yu-shu(陈予恕) +1 位作者 SUN Hong-jun(孙洪军) 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2001年第12期1368-1374,共7页
This paper puts forward a complex inner product averaging method for calculating normal form of ODE. Compared with conventional averaging method, the theoretic analytical process has such simple forms as to realize co... This paper puts forward a complex inner product averaging method for calculating normal form of ODE. Compared with conventional averaging method, the theoretic analytical process has such simple forms as to realize computer program easily. Results can be applied in both autonomous and non-autonomous systems. At last, an example is resolved to verify the method. 展开更多
关键词 nonlinear dynamic system normal form complex inner product averaging method
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Stability of average acceleration method for structures with nonlinear damping 被引量:4
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作者 李妍 吴斌 欧进萍 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2006年第1期87-92,共6页
The energy approach is used to theoretically verify that the average acceleration method (AAM), which is unconditionally stable for linear dynamic systems, is also unconditionally stable for structures with typical ... The energy approach is used to theoretically verify that the average acceleration method (AAM), which is unconditionally stable for linear dynamic systems, is also unconditionally stable for structures with typical nonlinear damping, including the special case of velocity power type damping with a bilinear restoring force model. Based on the energy approach, the stability of the AAM is proven for SDOF structures using the mathematical features of the velocity power function and for MDOF structures by applying the virtual displacement theorem. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. 展开更多
关键词 unconditional stability average acceleration method nonlinear systems nonlinear damping
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Average vector field methods for the coupled Schrdinger KdV equations 被引量:3
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作者 张弘 宋松和 +1 位作者 陈绪栋 周炜恩 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第7期242-250,共9页
The energy preserving average vector field (AVF) method is applied to the coupled Schr6dinger-KdV equations. Two energy preserving schemes are constructed by using Fourier pseudospectral method in space direction di... The energy preserving average vector field (AVF) method is applied to the coupled Schr6dinger-KdV equations. Two energy preserving schemes are constructed by using Fourier pseudospectral method in space direction discretization. In order to accelerate our simulation, the split-step technique is used. The numerical experiments show that the non-splitting scheme and splitting scheme are both effective, and have excellent long time numerical behavior. The comparisons show that the splitting scheme is faster than the non-splitting scheme, but it is not as good as the non-splitting scheme in preserving the invariants. 展开更多
关键词 coupled Schrodinger-KdV equations average vector field method splitting method Fourier pseu-dospectral method
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Probability distribution of wind power volatility based on the moving average method and improved nonparametric kernel density estimation 被引量:4
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作者 Peizhe Xin Ying Liu +2 位作者 Nan Yang Xuankun Song Yu Huang 《Global Energy Interconnection》 2020年第3期247-258,共12页
In the process of large-scale,grid-connected wind power operations,it is important to establish an accurate probability distribution model for wind farm fluctuations.In this study,a wind power fluctuation modeling met... In the process of large-scale,grid-connected wind power operations,it is important to establish an accurate probability distribution model for wind farm fluctuations.In this study,a wind power fluctuation modeling method is proposed based on the method of moving average and adaptive nonparametric kernel density estimation(NPKDE)method.Firstly,the method of moving average is used to reduce the fluctuation of the sampling wind power component,and the probability characteristics of the modeling are then determined based on the NPKDE.Secondly,the model is improved adaptively,and is then solved by using constraint-order optimization.The simulation results show that this method has a better accuracy and applicability compared with the modeling method based on traditional parameter estimation,and solves the local adaptation problem of traditional NPKDE. 展开更多
关键词 Moving average method Signal decomposition Wind power fluctuation characteristics Kernel density estimation Constrained order optimization
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The Method of Calculating Average Skidding Distance
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作者 张志贤 冯志丽 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1997年第1期47-49,共3页
By analyzing the existing average skidding distance formulac and the shape of the landing area, theauthors put forward that the average skidding distance is the shortest when the ratio of length and width is 1, and th... By analyzing the existing average skidding distance formulac and the shape of the landing area, theauthors put forward that the average skidding distance is the shortest when the ratio of length and width is 1, and the landing collectioll area is in proportion to of average geometrical skidding distance. The new models of calculating average distance are presented. 展开更多
关键词 averagE DISTANCE CALCULATION method Loggingarea
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Averaging Analysis of Self-Excited Motion of a Quasi-Axisymmetrical Gyrostat
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作者 薛纭 陈立群 《Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition)》 CAS 2002年第2期125-129,共5页
The averaging analysis was carried out to study the motion of a quasi axisymmetrical gyrostat under a small magnitude self excited control torque. The common approach to investigating the problem of rigid body rot... The averaging analysis was carried out to study the motion of a quasi axisymmetrical gyrostat under a small magnitude self excited control torque. The common approach to investigating the problem of rigid body rotation under the action of a small torque known in the body frame was described. Using this approach, the problem (Grammel's problem for the case of small torque) that is maintaining the angular velocity of a quasi axisymmetrical gyrostat using a control torque quadratic in the angular velocity was solved. 展开更多
关键词 GYROSTAT self excited motion averaging method phase trajectories.
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Correlation Method of Average Plasma Velocity Measurement in Hall-Effect Thrusters
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作者 宁中喜 李鸿 于达仁 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第6期709-713,共5页
A new method to measure the average plasma velocity in a Hall-effect thruster is presented. The method is brought forward in virtue of the characteristics of low frequency oscillation induced by the propellant ionizat... A new method to measure the average plasma velocity in a Hall-effect thruster is presented. The method is brought forward in virtue of the characteristics of low frequency oscillation induced by the propellant ionization in the channel and the oriented movement feature of the plasma density out of the channel. The method, equivalent to the correlation method generally used in the signal processing field, provides a solution to the problem of specific impulse measurement on a timescale of hundreds of microseconds and makes the time evolution of average plasma velocity clear. The comparison between the measured value and the calibrated value shows that the relative error is about 3%. 展开更多
关键词 Hall-effect thruster average plasma velocity correlation method
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Indoor air quality risk assessment on the Canadian campus by a multilevel integrated weighted average method
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作者 夏瑞 张远 +4 位作者 ZHANG Meng-heng LIU Ke-xin WU Jie-yun ZHENG Zhi-rong GONG Yao 《Journal of Chongqing University》 CAS 2015年第3期87-100,共14页
Increasing incidents of indoor air quality(IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under diff... Increasing incidents of indoor air quality(IAQ) related complaints lead us to the fact that IAQ has become a significant occupational health and environmental issue. However, how to effectively evaluate IAQ under different scale of multiple indicators is still a challenge. The traditional single-indicator method is subjected to uncertainties in assessing IAQ due to different subjectivity on good or bad quality and scalar differences of data set. In this study, a multilevel integrated weighted average IAQ method including initial walking through assessment(IWA) and two-layers weighted average method are developed and applied to evaluate IAQ of the laboratory building at the University of Regina in Canada. Some important chemical parameters related to IAQ in terms of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), methanol(HCHO), carbon dioxide(CO2), and carbon monoxide(CO) are evaluated based on 5 months continuous monitoring data. The new integrated assessment result can not only indicates the risk of an individual parameter, but also able to quantify the overall IAQ risk on the sampling site. Finally, some recommendations based on the result are proposed to address sustainable IAQ practices in the sampling area. 展开更多
关键词 indoor air quality risk assessment weighted average method CAMPUS CANADA
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Average Rainfall Estimation: Methods Performance Comparison in the Brazilian Semi-Arid
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作者 Fernando D. Barbalho Gabriela F. N. da Silva Klebber T. M. Formiga 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2014年第2期97-103,共7页
Considering the rainfall’s importance in hydrological modeling, the objective of this study was the performance comparison, in convergence terms, of techniques often used to estimate the average rainfall over an area... Considering the rainfall’s importance in hydrological modeling, the objective of this study was the performance comparison, in convergence terms, of techniques often used to estimate the average rainfall over an area: Thiessen Polygon (TP) Method;Reciprocal Distance Squared (RDS) Method;Kriging Method (KM) and Multiquadric Equations (ME) Method. The comparison was done indirectly, using GORE and BALANCE index to assess the convergence results from each method by increasing the rain gauges density in a region, through six scenarios. The Coremas/Mae D’água Watershed employed as study area, with an area of 8385 km2, is situated on Brazilian semi-arid. The results showed the TP, as RDS and ME techniques to be employed successfully to obtain the average rainfall over an area, highlighting the MEM. On the other hand, KM, using two variograms models, had an unstable behavior, pointing the prior study of data and variogram’s choice as a need to practical applying. 展开更多
关键词 averagE RAINFALL Interpolation Techniques MULTIQUADRIC Equations Reciprocal Distance Squared method SEMIARID RAINFALL Thiessen’s method
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Effect of residual Doppler averaging on the probe absorption in cascade type system: A comparative study
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作者 Suman Mondal Arindam Ghosh +2 位作者 Khairul Islam Dipankar Bhattacharyya Amitava Bandyopadhyay 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第9期287-295,共9页
Effect of residual Doppler averaging on the probe absorption in an alkali vapor medium in the presence of a coherent pump beam is studied analytically for the Ξ type system. A coherent probe field is assumed to conne... Effect of residual Doppler averaging on the probe absorption in an alkali vapor medium in the presence of a coherent pump beam is studied analytically for the Ξ type system. A coherent probe field is assumed to connect the ground level with the intermediate level whereas a coherent control beam is supposed to act between the intermediate energy level and the uppermost level. Optical Bloch equations(OBE) for a three-level Ξ type system and a four-level Ξ type system are derived by using density matrix formalism. These equations are solved by an analytic method to determine the probe response, which not only depends on the wavelength difference between the control(pump) field and the probe field but shows substantially different features depending on whether the wavelength of the control field is greater than that of the probe field or the reverse. The effect of temperature on probe response is also shown. Enhancement in probe absorption and additional features are noticed under a strong probe limit at room temperature. The four-level Ξ type system has two ground levels and this leads to substantial modification in the simulated probe absorption as compared to the three-level system. 展开更多
关键词 cascade type system density matrix method residual Doppler averaging electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)
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Evaluation of Double Average Asian Options by the Legendre Spectral Method
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作者 盛慧莉 马和平 《Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition)》 CAS 2003年第3期206-213,共8页
In this paper, the evaluation of discretely sampled Asian options was considered by numerically solving the associated partial differential equations with the Legendre spectral method. Double average options were disc... In this paper, the evaluation of discretely sampled Asian options was considered by numerically solving the associated partial differential equations with the Legendre spectral method. Double average options were discussed as examples. The problem is a parabolic one on a finite domain whose equation degenerates into ordinary differential equations on the boundaries. A fully discrete scheme was established by using the Legendre spectral method in space and the Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme in time. The stability and convergence of the scheme were analyzed. Numerical results show that the method can keep the spectral accuracy in space for such degenerate problems. 展开更多
关键词 double average Asian options discretely sampled arithmetic Asian options Legendre spectral method degenerate parabolic problem.
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Experimental Assessment of the Battery Lifetime in WSN Based on the <i>Duty</i>-<i>Cycle</i><i>Current</i><i>Average</i>Method
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作者 Leonardo Barboni Maurizio Valle 《Wireless Sensor Network》 2014年第10期212-220,共9页
A great amount of work addressed methods for predicting the battery lifetime in wireless sensor systems. In spite of these efforts, the reported experimental results demonstrate that the duty-cycle current average met... A great amount of work addressed methods for predicting the battery lifetime in wireless sensor systems. In spite of these efforts, the reported experimental results demonstrate that the duty-cycle current average method, which is widely used to this aim, fails in accurately estimating the battery life time of most of the presented wireless sensor system applications. The aim of this paper is to experimentally assess the duty-cycle current average method in order to give more effective insight on the effectiveness of the method. An electronic metering system, based on a dedicated PCB, has been designed and developed to experimentally measure node current consumption profiles and charge extracted from the battery in two selected case studies. A battery lifetime measurement (during 30 days) has been carried out. Experimental results have been assessed and compared with estimations given by using the duty-cycle current average method. Based on the measurement results, we show that the assumptions on which the method is based do not hold in real operating cases. The rationality of the duty-cycle current average method needs reconsidering. 展开更多
关键词 Battery Lifetime CURRENT Consumption TINYOS Measurement Duty-Cycle CURRENT averagE method
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Aggregation operators and CRITIC-VIKOR method for confidence complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy information and their applications
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作者 Tahir Mahmood Zeeshan Ali Muhammad Naeem 《CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology》 SCIE EI 2023年第1期40-63,共24页
Supply chain management is an essential part of an organisation's sustainable programme.Understanding the concentration of natural environment,public,and economic influence and feasibility of your suppliers and pu... Supply chain management is an essential part of an organisation's sustainable programme.Understanding the concentration of natural environment,public,and economic influence and feasibility of your suppliers and purchasers is becoming progressively familiar as all industries are moving towards a massive sustainable potential.To handle such sort of developments in supply chain management the involvement of fuzzy settings and their generalisations is playing an important role.Keeping in mind this role,the aim of this study is to analyse the role and involvement of complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy(CQRONF)information in supply chain management.The major impact of this theory is to analyse the notion of confidence CQRONF weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted averaging,confidence CQRONF hybrid averaging,confidence CQRONF weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF ordered weighted geometric,confidence CQRONF hybrid geometric operators and try to diagnose various properties and results.Furthermore,with the help of the CRITIC and VIKOR models,we diagnosed the novel theory of the CQRONF-CRITIC-VIKOR model to check the sensitivity analysis of the initiated method.Moreover,in the availability of diagnosed operators,we constructed a multi-attribute decision-making tool for finding a beneficial sustainable supplier to handle complex dilemmas.Finally,the initiated operator's efficiency is proved by comparative analysis. 展开更多
关键词 averaging/geometric aggregation operators complex q-rung orthopair normal fuzzy information confidence levels strategic decision-making methods
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Application of Weighted Average Method in Evaluation System for Rural Cadre Distance Education
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作者 DAI Li-na1,ZHENG Bo-wei1,DONG Hai-ge2 1.Institute of Agricultural Scientech Information,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China 2.Food Quality Supervision and Management Section,Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce,Beijing 100125,China 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2012年第3期66-68,共3页
We elaborate the application method,process and effect of weighted average method in the examination and evaluation system for modern distance education of rural party members and cadres.The study shows that this meth... We elaborate the application method,process and effect of weighted average method in the examination and evaluation system for modern distance education of rural party members and cadres.The study shows that this method reflects the evaluation results objectively and comprehensively and plays a remarkable role in establishing and improving the examination and evaluation system,thus will have an important reference value for the development of modern distance education of rural party members and cadres in the future. 展开更多
关键词 RURAL modern DISTANCE education WEIGHTED averagE m
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A Posteriori Error Estimate of Two Grid Mixed Finite Element Methods for Semilinear Elliptic Equations
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作者 Yiming Wen Luoping Chen Jiajia Dai 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2023年第2期361-376,共16页
In this paper, we present the a posteriori error estimate of two-grid mixed finite element methods by averaging techniques for semilinear elliptic equations. We first propose the two-grid algorithms to linearize the m... In this paper, we present the a posteriori error estimate of two-grid mixed finite element methods by averaging techniques for semilinear elliptic equations. We first propose the two-grid algorithms to linearize the mixed method equations. Then, the averaging technique is used to construct the a posteriori error estimates of the two-grid mixed finite element method and theoretical analysis are given for the error estimators. Finally, we give some numerical examples to verify the reliability and efficiency of the a posteriori error estimator. 展开更多
关键词 Two-Grid Mixed Finite Element methods Posteriori Error Estimates Semilinear Elliptic Equations averaging Technique
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