Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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HPLC-MS/MS法同时测定微量血浆中甲氨蝶呤、左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪浓度及其临床应用

目的 建立HPLC-MS/MS法测定微量血浆中甲氨蝶呤、左乙拉西坦和拉莫三嗪的浓度,同时应用于儿童治疗药物监测。方法 取含药血浆10μl,用蛋白沉淀法对样本进行前处理。色谱柱为Agilent C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水和甲醇,梯度洗脱;流速为0.4 ml/min。采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式,监测甲氨蝶呤m/z 455.1→308.2,甲氨蝶呤-D3 m/z 458.1→311.1(内标);左乙拉西坦m/z 171.1.4→126.2,左乙拉西坦-D6 m/z177.2→132.2(内标);拉莫三嗪m/z 256.1→211,拉莫三嗪-13C3-D3 m/z 262.1→217.1(内标)。结果 甲氨蝶呤在25~1 500 ng/ml线性关系良好,标准曲线方程:Y=0.251 6X+0.003 4(r=0.998 9),定量下限为25 ng/ml;左乙拉西坦在1~50μg/ml线性关系良好,标准曲线方程:Y=16.687 6X+0.000 2(r=0.991 1),定量下限为1μg/ml;拉莫三嗪在0.5~25.0μg/ml线性关系良好,标准曲线方程:Y=46.369 5X-0.059 9(r=0.999 1),定量下限为0.5μg/ml。样本批内、批间准确度和精密度符合要求、基质效应符合规定。本方法验证后成功用于1 348例临床患儿样本的检测。结论 本方法操作简便、专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于人血浆中甲氨蝶呤、左乙拉西坦及拉莫三嗪的分析,适用于儿童治疗药物监测。

托法替布治疗类风湿关节炎继发干燥综合征临床疗效

目的探讨分析托法替布对类风湿关节炎继发干燥综合征患者的治疗效果。方法选取2021年5月—2023年2月泰州市第二人民医院收治的72例类风湿关节炎继发干燥综合征患者为研究对象,按照信封随机法分为两组,参照组(36例)接受单纯甲氨蝶呤治疗,研究组(36例)联合托法替布治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组肿胀关节个数(3.8±1.0)个、压痛关节个数(6.3±2.0)个均少于参照组的(4.7±1.6)、(8.6±2.1)个,差异有统计学意义(t=2.862、4.759,P均<0.05);研究组类风湿关节炎治疗有效率为97.22%,高于参照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.222,P=0.013);研究组干燥综合征治疗有效率为(97.22%)高于参照组(80.56%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.062,P=0.024)。结论对类风湿关节炎继发干燥综合征患者采用托法替布进行治疗,能够取得极为确切的疗效,缓解患者的病情,减轻患者的临床不适症状,改善其生活质量。同时,能够调节患者的机体状态,切实减轻患者的关节压痛程度,使患者可以恢复正常的工作与生活。

基于生物信息学方法筛选甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎疗效的生物标志物

目的通过生物信息学方法研究外周血白细胞中影响甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎疗效的关键调控因子,为类风湿关节炎精准治疗提供参考。方法应用GEO公共数据集,根据DAS28和ΔDAS28变化将患者分为响应组与非响应组,使用R语言寻找两组的DEGs,构建蛋白-蛋白互作网络筛选关键基因,同时对差异基因进行功能和通路富集分析,构建Lasso回归模型预测甲氨蝶呤疗效。结果响应组与非响应组的基因表达轮廓存在明显差异,共发现71个DEGs,网络度值分析筛选出16个关键基因;差异基因功能主要体现在抗原提成、细胞杀伤、自然杀伤细胞介导的细胞毒作用、T细胞受体信号通路等。应用CCL5、EOMES、LAG3、KLRG1、KLRC2基因构建Lasso回归模型,模型在训练集的AUC值为0.83,在验证集的AUC值为0.67。结论本研究发现了预测甲氨蝶呤治疗效果的关键基因,并阐述了其潜在耐药机制,为类风湿关节炎治疗方案的制订提供依据。

HPLC-MS/MS法测定儿童微量血浆中白消安和甲氨蝶呤的浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中白消安和甲氨蝶呤的浓度,并用于儿童血液病患者的治疗药物监测。方法血浆样本经甲醇沉淀蛋白前处理,采用Phenomenex Kinetex EVO C18色谱柱分离,流动相为水(含2 mmol·L^(-1)乙酸铵+0.07%甲酸)和甲醇,梯度洗脱;流速为0.5 mL·min^(-1)。质谱检测方式为电喷雾离子源正离子模式,多反应监测(MRM)扫描,监测离子对:白消安m/z 264.1→151.0、内标白消安-D8 m/z 272.0→159.0;甲氨蝶呤m/z 455.1→m/z 308.2、甲氨蝶呤-D3(内标)m/z 458.1→m/z 311.1。结果白消安在62.50~4000 ng·mL^(-1)内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9984),甲氨蝶呤在15.63~1000 ng·mL^(-1)与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9990)。准确度、精密度、基质效应和稳定性均符合要求。结论本方法操作简便、快速准确、专属性强且稳定性好,适用于血浆中白消安和甲氨蝶呤的快速分析,可用于儿童血液肿瘤患者的临床治疗药物监测。

甲氨蝶呤联合糖皮质激素对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的疗效及不良反应分析

目的 分析甲氨蝶呤联合糖皮质激素对肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎(GLM)的疗效及不良反应。方法 回顾性选取2019年9月至2021年12月于广东省中医院和广东省妇幼保健院进行治疗的GLM患者99例,根据患者的治疗方案不同,将34例甲氨蝶呤联合糖皮质激素治疗患者纳入联合治疗组,65例单纯使用糖皮质激素治疗患者纳入对照组。比较两组患者炎症因子水平、治疗效果及不良反应发生率。结果 联合治疗组的总有效率97.06%(33/34),高于对照组80.00%(52/65),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.038,P<0.05)。联合治疗组和对照组治疗后C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平[分别是(19.78±4.74) mg·L^(-1)、(26.46±4.24) mg·L^(-1);(22.68±5.81) pg·m L^(-1)、(33.52±6.22) pg·m L^(-1);(7.14±0.84)10~9·m L^(-1)、(8.64±0.97) 10~9·m L^(-1)],低于治疗前[分别是(34.46±8.24) mg·L^(-1)、(33.52±7.81) mg·L^(-1);(39.77±10.24)pg·m L^(-1)、(40.13±11.05) pg·m L^(-1);(10.54±2.24) 10~9·m L^(-1)、(10.72±2.51) 10~9·m L^(-1)],且治疗后联合治疗组低于对照组(t=7.146、8.419、7.638,均P<0.05)。联合治疗组不良反应发生率11.76%(4/34),低于对照组30.77%(20/65)(χ^(2)=4.390,P<0.05)。结论 甲氨蝶呤联合糖皮质激素治疗方案可显著缓解GLM患者的临床症状,且安全性较高,具有临床应用价值。

羟氯喹联合甲氨蝶呤治疗老年类风湿关节炎的疗效及对血脂的影响

目的观察羟氯喹联合甲氨蝶呤治疗老年类风湿关节炎(RA)的疗效及对血脂的影响。方法选取2019年1月—2023年1月中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院(厦门大学附属成功医院)收治的老年RA患者102例,依据随机数字表法分为羟氯喹联合组和单用甲氨蝶呤组,每组51例。羟氯喹联合组给予羟氯喹联合甲氨蝶呤治疗,单用甲氨蝶呤组给予甲氨蝶呤治疗,2组均治疗6个月。比较2组临床疗效,血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白-A1(Apo-A1)、载脂蛋白-B100(Apo-B100)]、血清环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽(TPⅠNP)、骨钙素N端中分子(N-MID)水平。结果羟氯喹联合组总有效率高于单用甲氨蝶呤组(98.04%vs.84.31%,χ^(2)=4.387,P=0.036)。治疗6个月后,2组DAS28评分均低于治疗前,且羟氯喹联合组低于单用甲氨蝶呤组(P<0.01);2组TC、TG、LDL-C、Apo-B100、COX-2、TNF-α及IL-6水平均低于治疗前,Apo-A1、TPⅠNP及N-MID水平均高于治疗前,且羟氯喹联合组低/高于单用甲氨蝶呤组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论羟氯喹联合甲氨蝶呤治疗老年RA的临床效果较好,可调节患者细胞因子、骨代谢及血脂,促进病情转归。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

白芍总苷与甲氨蝶呤联合应用对幼年特发性关节炎的治疗效果及安全性评估

目的 评估白芍总苷与甲氨蝶呤联合应用治疗幼年特发性关节炎(juvenile idiopathic arthritis,JIA)的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性选取2021年10月—2023年12月在安徽省儿童医院就诊的88例JIA患儿的临床资料,以不同治疗方式分为两组,每组44例。对照组采用甲氨蝶呤治疗,联合组采用白芍总苷与甲氨蝶呤联合治疗。对比两组的治疗效果。结果 治疗后,联合组治疗总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(79.54%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.091,P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组炎症因子水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。联合组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 白芍总苷与甲氨蝶呤联合应用治疗JIA显示出优越的疗效和较好的安全性,能更有效地降低炎症因子水平,减少不良反应的发生。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

子宫动脉化疗栓塞术联合刮宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠

目的探讨子宫动脉化疗栓塞术（UACE）联合刮宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的安全性和有效性。方法对33例CSP患者行选择性双侧子宫动脉插管造影，灌注氨甲蝶呤（MTX）和明胶海绵颗粒栓塞后24-48h内进行刮宫术，评价术后疗效。结果对所有患者均成功完成UACE刮宫术中出血（24．62±12．53）ml。未见严重并发症发生。结论UACE联合刮宫术治疗CSP微创、安全、有效，可避免子宫切除，保留患者生育能力。

我国甲氨蝶呤血药浓度监测文献分析

目的:为制订甲氨蝶呤(MTX)个体化给药方案提供参考。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库和万方数据库,纳入我国患者应用MTX并进行血药浓度监测的文献,统计分析患者病种、MTX监测例次、监测方法、监测时间点、甲酰四氢叶酸(CF)开始解救时间和停止解救标准、MTX参考浓度标准、文献发表时间和研究类型等信息。结果:共纳入146篇文献,合计6 109例患者,共计20 000余例次MTX血药浓度监测结果。其中,53篇文献为前瞻性研究,93篇为回顾性研究。结果表明,2005年1月-2009年12月发表了75篇MTX监测相关文献(占比51.4%);MTX血药浓度监测方法以荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)为主;43.5%的文献监测时间点为MTX用药后24、48、72和96 h,与美国食品药品管理局(FDA)推荐的相同;56.1%的文献采用FDA推荐的MTX参考浓度标准(24 h≤10μmol/L,48 h≤1μmol/L,72 h≤0.2μmol/L)。在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)中CF的开始解救时间普遍为MTX用药后36 h,而骨肉瘤的CF开始解救时间以用药后6 h和12 h为主;以MTX血药浓度<0.1μmol/L为CF停止解救标准的占73.6%,而以FDA推荐的MTX血药浓度<0.05μmol/L为停止解救标准的仅占8.3%。结论:目前我国对MTX的监测时间点、参考浓度标准、CF开始解救时间和停止解救标准等方面尚未完全统一,但趋于一致。建议相关机构根据中国人MTX的代谢特点,尽快建立国内MTX的血药浓度监测指南,以便更好地指导临床合理监测MTX血药浓度,进行个体化给药。