Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Influence of ganglioside combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate on efficacy and neurological function in patients with acute myelitis

BACKGROUND Acute myelitis(AM)can lead to sudden sensory,motor and autonomic nervous dysfunction,which negatively affects their daily activities and quality of life,so it is necessary to explore optimization from a therapeutic perspective to curb the progression of the disease.AIM To investigate the effect of ganglioside(GM)combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS)on the curative effect and neurological function of patients with AM.METHODS First,we selected 108 AM patients visited between September 2019 and September 2022 and grouped them based on treatment modality,with 52 patients receiving gamma globulin(GG)+MPSS and 56 patients receiving GM+MPSS,assigned to the control group(Con)and observation group(Obs),respectively.The therapeutic effect,neurological function(sensory and motor function scores),adverse events(AEs),recovery(time to sphincter function recovery,time to limb muscle strength recovery above grade 2,and time to ambulation),inflammatory factors(IFs)[interleukin(IL)-6,C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]and other data of the two groups were collected for evaluation and comparison.RESULTS The Obs had:(1)A significantly higher response rate of treatment than the Con;(2)Higher scores of sensory and motor functions after treatment that were higher than the baseline(before treatment)and higher than the Con levels;(3)Lower incidence rates of skin rash,gastrointestinal discomfort,dyslipidemia,osteoporosis and other AEs;(4)Faster posttreatment recovery of sphincter function,limb muscle strength and ambulation;and(5)Markedly lower posttreatment IL-6,CRP and TNF-αlevels than the baseline and the Con levels.CONCLUSION From the above,it can be seen that GM+MPSS is highly effective in treating AM,with a favorable safety profile comparable to that of GG+MPSS.It can significantly improve patients’neurological function,speed up their recovery and inhibit serum IFs.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童支原体肺炎的临床疗效

目的 研讨采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合甲泼尼龙治疗儿童支原体肺炎的临床效果。方法 针对2019年11月至2023年12月期间,在我院接受治疗感染支原体肺炎的儿童120例,数字表法随机分为成2组,即60例对照组和60例实验组,对照组患病儿童治疗方案为阿奇霉素序贯疗法,实验组患病儿童治疗方案采取阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙,分析和对比不同分组患病儿童的疗效、发生不良反应、炎性因子[反应蛋白(CrP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-10(IL-10)]、通气状况[动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉氧饱和度(SaO_(2))]、免疫血球素[IgA、IgG、IgM]的差异。结果 对照组患病儿童的治疗有效率达86.7%,实验组患病儿童治疗有效率达98.3%(P<0.05),不良反应方面数据显示,实验组患病儿童比对照组患病儿童优势很明显(P<0.05)。炎症因子:治疗后,对照和实验两组儿童炎症因子的指标值都下降显著PCT(P=0.036),CRP(P=0.047),IL-10(P=0.048)(P<0.05),实验组患病儿童CRP、IL-10、PCT炎症因子明显要比对照组更低。通气状况:治疗后,对照和实验两组儿童PaO_(2)和SaO_(2)要比治疗前高,PaCO_(2)要比治疗前低,而且实验组明显要比对照组好。免疫血球素:治疗后,对照和实验两组儿童IgA、IgM、IgG要比治疗前高,而且实验组明显要比对照组好。结论 采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合甲泼尼龙在儿童感染支原体肺炎临床治疗中能起到更好疗效,能很大程度上缩短患病儿童的康复时间、比较安全,治疗方式值得临床上加以推广。

甲泼尼龙联合吗替麦考酚酯治疗中重度活动性Graves眼病

目的 评估甲泼尼龙联合吗替麦考酚酯治疗中重度活动性Graves眼病(GO)的疗效及安全性,并对比该联合治疗与单独使用甲泼尼龙的疗效差异。方法 回顾性选取中重度活动性GO患者,分为联合组(甲泼尼龙联合吗替麦考酚酯)和单药组(甲泼尼龙)。比较两组患者之间的视觉评分、外貌评分、临床活动性评分(CAS)、突眼度、眼裂宽度及眼球活动度方面的变化,记录不良事件。结果 研究共纳入98例患者,其中联合组32例患者,单药组61例患者。两组治疗后的生活质量评分、CAS、突眼度较治疗前改善。在治疗12周时,两组治疗前后视觉评分、外貌评分、CAS、突眼度、眼裂宽度的差值及眼球活动度减少比例的比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。联合组眼球运动时疼痛及眼睑充血改善比例高于单药组(P <0.001)。在治疗终点,两组治疗前后外貌评分、突眼度、眼裂宽度的差值及眼球活动度减少比例比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),联合组视觉评分及CAS改善幅度高于单药组(P <0.05),其中眼睑水肿改善比例高于单药组(P <0.05)。12周时,单药组有效率为65.0%,联合组有效率为66.7%。24周时,联合组有效率为80.0%。两组在第12周及各自治疗终点的总体有效率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。联合组未出现白细胞减少或严重感染的情况。结论 甲泼尼龙联合吗替麦考酚酯治疗中重度活动性GO是有效、可耐受且安全的,联合治疗的总体有效率可能并不优于单用激素治疗,但联合用药在视觉评分、眼睑充血、眼睑水肿及眼球运动性疼痛的改善上可能优于单用激素。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液病患者血液甲泼尼龙浓度的应用

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定血液病患者血浆甲泼尼龙浓度,并应用于指导临床合理用药。方法以甲泼尼龙-d3为内标,甲醇沉淀血浆蛋白和萃取甲泼尼龙。月旭Ultimate XB-C18柱(4.6mm×50mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的甲醇溶液(1∶1000)-水溶液[含0.1%(v/v)甲酸+2 mmol/L乙酸铵],流速0.8 ml/min,柱温60℃,进样量5μl。采用电喷雾离子源,正离子模式下进行多反应监测,同时监测甲泼尼龙质荷比(m/z)375.4→339.4(定性离子),甲泼尼龙m/z 375.4→357.3(定量离子),甲泼尼龙-d3 m/z 378.2→360.3。以甲泼尼龙和甲泼尼龙-d3峰面积比为定量依据,计算血浆甲泼尼龙浓度,并评价其性能。结果甲泼尼龙在10~1000ng/ml范围线性关系良好(r2=0.9967),定量下限为10ng/ml;日内、日间精密度实验结果相对标准差(RSD)均小于15%;提取回收率为99.52%~104.79%;甲泼尼龙样品在经历3次反复冻融(-20℃~室温)循环条件下稳定,处理后的样品在室温、4℃环境中放置24h均稳定(RSD<15%)。16例患者甲泼尼龙血药浓度在0~258ng/ml范围内。结论该方法可准确、快速、简便地检测甲泼尼龙浓度,适用于临床甲泼尼龙血药浓度检测。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

糖皮质激素治疗间接性外伤性视神经病变的研究进展

间接性外伤性视神经病变（ITON）是头部外伤后视力受损的重要原因之一。糖皮质激素是目前常用的治疗ITON的方法，然而由于缺乏足够的循证医学证据支持，长期以来这种疗法的有效性和安全性等一直备受争议。近年的部分研究显示，超大剂量糖皮质激素的应用对ITON无益，这给传统的治疗理念带来了巨大的冲击。目前糖皮质激素在ITON治疗过程中的应用仍有许多临床问题尚待解决，也缺乏足够的证据，亟待国际和国内实施规范化的多中心、随机对照临床试验（RCTs），以探索有效的治疗方案，提供规范化的治疗标准。

甲基强的松龙冲击疗法抢救失明的小儿急性视神经炎的临床研究

目的 评价甲基强的松龙冲击疗法抢救失明的小儿急性视神经炎的疗效。方法 小儿组 :选择无肾上腺皮质激素禁忌症的失明小儿急性视神经炎 2 2例 (34眼 )为研究对象。用大剂量甲基强的松龙静脉滴注 ,每天剂量按小儿公斤体重计算。每天 1次 ,3～ 5天为 1疗程。以后再用常规疗法。成人组 :选择无肾上腺皮质激素禁忌症的失明成人急性视神经炎 16例 (2 4眼 )为对照组。甲基强的松龙 5 0 0～10 0 0mg静脉滴注 ,每天 1次 ,3～ 5天为 1疗程。以后再用常规疗法。结果 小儿组 :显效 (视力提高至 0 5～ 1 0 ) 2 2眼 ,占 6 4 7% ;有效 (视力提高至 0 1～ 0 4) 9眼 ,占 2 6 5 % ;总有效率 :91 2 % ;无效 (指数 ) :3眼 ,占 8 8%。成人组 :评价疗效标准与小儿组相同。显效 :9眼 ,占 37 5 % ;有效 :7眼 ,占 2 9.17% ;总有效率 :6 6 6 7% ;无效 :8眼 ,占 33 33%。两组疗效有差异 (P <0 0 2 5 )。结论 甲基强的松龙冲击疗法治疗失明小儿急性视神经炎 ,作用迅速可靠 ,疗效高 ,未发现副作用 ,随访无复发。

甲基强的松龙治疗儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎临床观察

目的观察甲基强的松龙冲击治疗儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎的临床疗效。方法分析30例行甲基强的松龙治疗的过敏性紫癜肾炎患儿的临床资料。结果经甲基强的松龙冲击治疗后,30例患儿中23例尿常规阴转或明显好转,总有效率达76·67%。在使其尿常规短期内阴转方面,轻型较重型、病程<3个月者较>3个月者显示了明显的优越性(P<0·05)。5例经皮肾穿刺术的患者,2例病理类型为IIb者对甲基强的松龙冲击治疗的效果较2例Ⅲb者好。在甲基强的松龙冲击治疗过程中,未见出现肾损伤加重现象及严重并发症发生。结论甲基强的松龙早期静脉冲击对儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎有一定治疗作用。

大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗获得性噬血细胞综合征的临床分析

目的观察大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗获得性噬血细胞综合征(HPS)的治疗效果。方法采用大剂量甲基强的松龙(4 mg.kg-1.d-1)治疗获得性HPS患者14例。结果 14例获得性HPS患者临床表现为发热(100%)、血清铁蛋白升高(85.7%)、高三酰甘油血症(78.6%)、肝脾肿大(71.4%)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高(71.4%)、淋巴结肿大(64.3%)、直接胆红素升高(64.3%)、贫血(51.7%)、乳酸脱氢酶升高(57.1%)、中性粒细胞减少(50.0%)和血小板减少(50.0%)。14例患者采用大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗后临床症状和体征明显改善,实验室检查指标均恢复正常6例(42.9%);临床症状改善,实验室指标较前好转,但未完全恢复正常6例(42.9%);死于疾病进展2例(14.2%)。结论大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗获得性HPS可能具有较好疗效。

甲泼尼龙联合颈前路减压内固定治疗颈椎过伸伤的疗效研究

目的探讨甲泼尼龙联合颈前路减压内固定治疗颈椎过伸伤的临床疗效。方法收集2014年7月~2015年7月浙江省嘉兴市第一医院骨科收治的颈椎过伸伤患者42例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各21例,对照组患者单纯给予颈前路减压内固定术治疗,实验组给予甲泼尼龙联合颈前路减压内固定术治疗,治疗结束后,对所有患者的血清肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平及美国脊髓损伤协会（American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA）神经功能评分进行检测。结果治疗后,与对照组比较,实验组患者的血清TNF-α水平较低、SOD水平较高、ASIA评分较高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论甲泼尼龙联合颈前路减压内固定治疗能够显著降低颈椎过伸伤患者血清TNF-α水平,提高血清SOD水平及ASIA评分,减轻炎症损伤,提高抗氧化能力,具有良好的临床疗效。