Therapeutic efficacy of methylprednisolone sodium succinate via diverse administration routes for mid-to high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss

BACKGROUND Sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL),characterized by a rapid and unexplained loss of hearing,particularly at moderate to high frequencies,presents a significant clinical challenge.The therapeutic use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS)via different administration routes,in combination with conventional medications,remains a topic of interest.AIM To compare the therapeutic efficacy of MPSS administered via different routes in combination with conventional drugs for the treatment of mid-to high-frequency SSNHL.METHODS The medical records of 109 patients with mid-to high-frequency SSNHL were analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups based on the route of administration:Group A[intratympanic(IT)injection of MPSS combined with mecobalamin and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract injection],Group B(intravenous injection of MPSS combined with mecobalamin and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract injection),and Group C(single IT injection of MPSS).The intervention effects were compared and analyzed.RESULTS The posttreatment auditory thresholds in Group A(21.23±3.34)were significantly lower than those in Groups B(28.52±3.36)and C(30.23±4.21;P<0.05).Group A also exhibited a significantly greater speech recognition rate(92.23±5.34)than Groups B and C.The disappearance time of tinnitus,time to hearing recovery,and disappearance time of vertigo in Group A were significantly shorter than those in Groups B and C(P<0.05).The total effective rate in Group A(97.56%)was significantly greater than that in Groups B and C(77.14%and 78.79%,χ^(2)=7.898,P=0.019).Moreover,the incidence of adverse reactions in Groups A and C was significantly lower than that in Group B(4.88%,3.03%vs 2.57%,χ^(2)=11.443,P=0.003),and the recurrence rate in Group A was significantly lower than that in Groups B and C(2.44%vs 20.00%vs 21.21%,χ^(2)=7.120,P=0.028).CONCLUSION IT injection of MPSS combined with conventional treatment demonstrates superior efficacy and safety compared to systemic administration via intravenous infusion and a single IT injection of MPSS.This approach effectively improves patients'hearing and reduces the risk of disease recurrence.

Influence of ganglioside combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate on efficacy and neurological function in patients with acute myelitis

BACKGROUND Acute myelitis(AM)can lead to sudden sensory,motor and autonomic nervous dysfunction,which negatively affects their daily activities and quality of life,so it is necessary to explore optimization from a therapeutic perspective to curb the progression of the disease.AIM To investigate the effect of ganglioside(GM)combined with methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPSS)on the curative effect and neurological function of patients with AM.METHODS First,we selected 108 AM patients visited between September 2019 and September 2022 and grouped them based on treatment modality,with 52 patients receiving gamma globulin(GG)+MPSS and 56 patients receiving GM+MPSS,assigned to the control group(Con)and observation group(Obs),respectively.The therapeutic effect,neurological function(sensory and motor function scores),adverse events(AEs),recovery(time to sphincter function recovery,time to limb muscle strength recovery above grade 2,and time to ambulation),inflammatory factors(IFs)[interleukin(IL)-6,C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]and other data of the two groups were collected for evaluation and comparison.RESULTS The Obs had:(1)A significantly higher response rate of treatment than the Con;(2)Higher scores of sensory and motor functions after treatment that were higher than the baseline(before treatment)and higher than the Con levels;(3)Lower incidence rates of skin rash,gastrointestinal discomfort,dyslipidemia,osteoporosis and other AEs;(4)Faster posttreatment recovery of sphincter function,limb muscle strength and ambulation;and(5)Markedly lower posttreatment IL-6,CRP and TNF-αlevels than the baseline and the Con levels.CONCLUSION From the above,it can be seen that GM+MPSS is highly effective in treating AM,with a favorable safety profile comparable to that of GG+MPSS.It can significantly improve patients’neurological function,speed up their recovery and inhibit serum IFs.

Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Electronic Health Record Data to Predict Clinical and Safety Outcomes after Methylprednisolone Exposure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonates

Background:Infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)frequently receive intraoperative methylprednisolone(MP)to suppress CPB-related inflammation;however,the optimal dosing strategy and efficacy of MP remain unclear.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed all infants under 90 days-old who received intra-operative MP for cardiac surgery with CPB from 2014–2017 at our institution.We combined real-world dosing data from the electronic health record(EHR)and two previously developed population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models to simulate peak concentration(Cmax)and area under the concentration-time curve for 24 h(AUC24)for MP and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10).We evaluated the relationships between post-operative,safety,and other clinical outcomes obtained from the EHR with each predicted exposure using non-parametric tests.Results:A total of 142 infants with median post-natal age 8(interquartile range[IQR]:5,37)days received a total dose of 30(19,49)mg/kg of MP.Twelve(8%)died,37(26%)met the composite post-operative outcome,114(80%)met the composite safety outcome,and 23(16%)had a major complication.Predicted median Cmax and AUC24 IL-6 exposure was significantly higher for infants meeting the composite post-operative outcome and those with major complications.Predicted median Cmax and AUC24 MP exposure was significantly higher for infants requiring insulin.No exposure was associated with death or other safety outcomes.Conclusions:Pro-inflammatory IL-6,but not MP exposure,was associated with post-operative organ dysfunction,suggesting current MP dosing may not adequately suppress IL-6 or increase IL-10 to impact clinical outcomes.Prospective study will be required to define the optimal exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety profiles in these infants.

The Effect of Dexamethasone versus Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients in Jordan

Background: Previous studies focused on the treatment effect of steroids versus no steroids in treating severe COVID-19 patients, a few studies evaluated outcomes for treating those patients with either dexamethasone or methylprednisolone. Currently, we evaluate the difference in mortality associated with treating COVID-19 patients with dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone. Methods: With a retrospective multicenter study, records were reviewed for the admitted patients with severe COVID-19 during the peak of the severe COVID-19 pandemic. All admitted patients on dexamethasone or methylprednisolone were included. Patients were analyzed as all populations and propensity scores matched patients. Propensity scores were calculated for several confounders by the generalized linear model, and a “greedy” near-neighbor matching algorithm was used. Continuous variables with nonnormal distribution were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Chi-squared and Fischer exact test analyzed categorical variables. P-values were adjusted by the Bonferroni method for both data cohorts. Body mass index was in categories. Radiological findings were divided into five categories. The outcomes: mortality, the need for home oxygen therapy, recovery, and residual symptoms on discharge were analyzed by an independent two-sample test for equality of proportions (with Yates correction), and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 1128 reviewed records, patients on dexamethasone or methylprednisolone were 1071, and the propensity score-matched patients were 784: dexamethasone 393 and methylprednisolone 391. There was no significant difference in the characteristics of patients between the two steroids (p-value and adjusted p-value > 0.05) for most variables. PSM adjusted a few discrepant variables before analysis. The outcome of the unmatched patients demonstrated dexamethasone benefit in the need for home oxygen therapy ( 0.05). However, matched patients demonstrated significantly lower mortality associated with dexamethasone treatment (difference -2.68%, 95%CI, -1.0, -0.004, p = 0.03, and OR 1.7, p = 0.017), and no difference for the other outcomes, including the need for home oxygen therapy (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexamethasone treatment caused significantly less mortality than methylprednisolone in treating our COVID-19 patients, but no significant difference in recovery, the need for home oxygen therapy, and residual symptoms on discharge.

Severe inflammatory disorder in trisomy 8 without myelodysplastic syndrome and response to methylprednisolone:A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with trisomy 8 consistently present with myeloid neoplasms and/or auto-inflammatory syndrome.A possible link between myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)with trisomy 8(+8-MDS)and inflammatory disorders is well recognized,several cases having been reported.However,inflammatory disorders in patients without MDS have been largely overlooked.Generally,Behçet's disease is the most common type in+8-MDS.However,inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement are less frequent,and no effective treatment has been established.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man with recurrent fever,fatigue for>2 mo,and unconsciousness for 1 day was admitted to our emergency department with a provisional diagnosis of severe pneumonia.Vancomycin and imipenem were administered and sputum collected for metagenomic next-generation sequencing.Epstein–Barr virus and Mycobacterium kansasii were detected.Additionally,chromosomal analysis showed duplications on chromosome 8.Two days later,repeat metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed with blood culture.Cordyceps portugal,M.kansasii,and Candida portugal were detected,and duplications on chromosome 8 confirmed.Suspecting hematological disease,we aspirated a bone marrow sample from the iliac spine,examination of which showed evidence of infection.We added fluconazole as further antibiotic therapy.Seven days later,the patient’s condition had not improved,prompting addition of methylprednisolone as an anti-inflammatory agent.Fortunately,this treatment was effective and the patient eventually recovered.CONCLUSION Severe inflammatory disorders with pulmonary involvement can occur in patients with trisomy 8.Methylprednisolone may be an effective treatment.

甲泼尼龙冲击治疗儿童肾脏风湿性疾病导致窦性心动过缓11例病例系列报告

背景国内缺乏甲泼尼龙冲击治疗儿童肾脏风湿性疾病导致窦性心动过缓(SB)的报道,发生SB后是否停止冲击治疗尚无定论。目的 总结甲泼尼龙冲击治疗儿童肾脏风湿性疾病时导致SB的临床特征。设计病例系列报告。方法 纳入2018年1月1日至2024年4月1日在苏州大学附属儿童医院肾脏免疫科住院、使用甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,治疗期间任意一次测量心率<60次/分且经心电图证实为SB的连续病例。截取患儿的临床表现、辅助检查以及转归情况。主要结局指标甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后发生SB的临床特征。结果 11例患儿纳入本文分析,女7例,男4例,平均年龄(11.3±2.5)岁,其中系统性红斑狼疮合并巨噬细胞活化综合征(MAS)3例,IgA血管炎相关性肾炎、幼年特发性关节炎合并MAS、皮肌炎合并MAS各2例,ANCA相关性血管炎和C3肾小球肾炎各1例。平均基础心率(88±4)次/分。甲泼尼龙冲击治疗的平均剂量为(10.7±3.0) mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),冲击治疗时间3~5(4.3±0.9)d。SB发生时间为第1剂甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后1~3(1.8±0.8)d,最低心率48~58(53±4)次/分,心率下降幅度32.6%~44.6%(40.0%±3.7%)。出现SB时血气分析、电解质检查、心脏超声和甲状腺功能均未见异常。均未予抗心律失常治疗,最后1剂甲泼尼龙冲击治疗至恢复到基础心率的时间为4~8(6.1±1.1)d。治疗期间均未出现头晕、胸闷、心悸等心血管系统症状,随访(2.4±2.1)年,均未发现心血管系统异常。结论 甲泼尼龙冲击治疗引起SB时患儿无不适症状,易被忽视,一般无需特殊治疗,可在密切监测下继续完成冲击疗程,心率多在冲击治疗结束后1周左右恢复正常。

小剂量利妥昔单抗联合甲泼尼龙序贯治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病疗效观察

目的探讨小剂量利妥昔单抗联合甲泼尼龙序贯治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)的临床疗效。方法选取医院2017年1月至2020年6月收治的NMOSD患者112例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各56例。两组患者均予注射用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠静脉冲击治疗(1000μg/d)3~5 d,逐渐减至125 mg/d,后改为口服甲泼尼龙片48 mg/d(继续减量至4 mg/d维持或停用);观察组患者加用利妥昔单抗注射液100 mg静脉滴注,每周1次,连续治疗4周,6~12个月重复使用。结果治疗后,观察组患者年复发率、扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),外周血T淋巴细胞CD_(3)^(+)和CD_(4)^(+)水平及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血尿素氮、血清肌酐水平均无显著改变(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组不良反应发生率相当(7.14%比12.50%,P>0.05)。结论小剂量利妥昔单抗联合甲泼尼龙序贯治疗NMOSD,能有效改善患者的病情及机体炎症状况,提高免疫功能。

糖皮质激素治疗IgA肾病:来自IgA肾病激素治疗评估的全球研究临床试验的经验

原发性IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)是一种常见的肾小球疾病,是导致肾功能衰竭的重要原因,主要见于青年人和儿童。在过去的几十年里,糖皮质激素疗法一直备受争议。IgA肾病激素治疗评估的全球研究(the therapeutic effects of steroids in IgA nephropathy global,TESTING)始于2012年,是一项国际性、多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验,旨在评估在优化支持治疗条件下口服甲泼尼龙治疗进展风险高的IgAN患者的安全性和长期疗效。经过十年的努力,这项研究的成功完成表明,6~9个月的口服甲泼尼龙是保护IgAN高危患者肾功能的有效方案,但也显示出安全问题。TESTING研究发现,与全剂量甲泼尼龙方案相比,减少剂量的甲泼尼龙方案是有益的,且剂量的减少有助于提高甲泼尼龙的使用安全性。总的来说,TESTING研究提供了更多关于IgAN中糖皮质激素治疗剂量和安全性的数据。TESTING研究结果给患有IgAN的患儿提供了重要的启示。随着对IgAN发病机制的深入了解,正在进行的新治疗方案的研究将有助于进一步优化IgAN治疗的获益-风险比。

甲泼尼龙致重症肌无力患者严重低血糖的病例分析

1例50岁男性重症肌无力患者,先后给予溴吡斯的明片改善肌无力症状,甲泼尼龙片、吗替麦考酚酯胶囊抑制免疫,奥美拉唑肠溶片和碳酸钙D_(3)片预防激素相关不良反应等治疗。患者无糖尿病史,入院后测空腹血糖4.92 mmol/L。甲泼尼龙片治疗1周后,空腹血糖降至3.56 mmol/L。甲泼尼龙片治疗11 d后,空腹血糖低至2.80 mmol/L。排除其他药物后,考虑低血糖由甲泼尼龙引起的可能性大。因病情需要,且患者未诉大汗、心悸等低血糖症状,未予停药处理。随访2个月,患者甲泼尼龙逐渐减量,多次复查,血糖逐渐恢复至正常范围。

新型冠状病毒感染后脊髓炎的临床演变和不典型脊髓影像学特点分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒感染后脊髓炎的临床演变过程及不典型脊髓MRI特点。方法回顾性分析4例新型冠状病毒感染后脊髓炎患者的临床表现、病程演变和脊髓MRI动态变化特点及治疗转归。结果4例患者起病时间分别为新冠感染后5 d、15 d、80 d和30 d,首发症状为双下肢麻木无力3例、背部疼痛伴双下肢无力1例,高峰期症状包括截瘫、括约肌功能障碍、感觉障碍平面、痉挛性步态,神经功能状况评估量表(EDSS)评分分别为7.5分、9.0分、9.0分、7.5分。初始脊髓MRI无病灶1例,线状脊膜强化1例,T2点状病灶2例;高峰期T2为点片状、线状、云雾状病灶,横断面主要累及侧索和后索,突出特点为病程中均出现过线状脊膜强化和临床症状大于影像学表现。4例患者中2例予甲泼尼龙冲击联合血浆置换治疗未见明显好转,4例患者均遗留明显残疾。结论新型冠状病毒感染后脊髓炎临床多表现为典型的脊髓炎症状,但脊髓影像学可表现为片状、线状、云雾状病灶,伴线状脊膜强化。新冠感染后脊髓炎的迟发性和不典型的脊髓MRI表现值得关注。

百令胶囊联合常规西药治疗免疫球蛋白A肾病患者的临床疗效及对其炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨百令胶囊联合常规西药治疗免疫球蛋白A(Immunoglobulin A,IgA)肾病患者的临床疗效及对其炎性因子的影响。方法 选取2019年6月—2021年6月期间自贡市第一人民医院收治的IgA肾病患者94例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各47例。对照组采用他克莫司和甲泼尼龙片等常规治疗方案,观察组在对照组基础上加用百令胶囊治疗。均治疗3个月。观察比较两组患者肾功能指标[血浆白蛋白(Albumin,ALB)、血肌酐(Serum creatinine,SCr)、血尿素氮(Blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、24 h尿蛋白(24 hours urine protein,TUP)]和血脂指标[甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(High-density lipoprotein,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(Low-density lipoprotein,LDL-C)、总胆固醇(Cholesterol total,TC)]水平,炎性因子[干扰素-γ(Interferon γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素17(Interleukin 17,IL17)、转化生长因子β1(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β1)]水平、外周血细胞免疫水平(T细胞亚群CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、临床疗效及不良反应情况。结果 治疗后观察组总有效率93.62%(44/47)明显高于对照组74.47%(35/47),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者SCr、BUN、24 h TUP和LDL-C、TG、TC水平均较治疗前降低,ALB、GFR和HDL-C水平均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组BUN、SCr、24 h TUP和LDL-C、TG、TC水平均明显低于对照组,ALB、GFR、HDL-C均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者炎症因子TGF-β1、IL-17、IFN-γ水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组炎症因子TGF-β1、IL-17、IFN-γ水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者免疫指标CD4^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前升高,CD8^(+)水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组免疫指标CD4^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均明显高于对照组,CD8^(+)水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.617,P=0.432)。结论 在他克莫司和甲泼尼龙片基础上联合百令胶囊治疗IgA肾病有助于改善肾功能、血脂指标,提高临床有效率,降低炎性因子水平,且安全性良好。

槐杞黄颗粒联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对肺炎支原体感染致大叶性肺炎患儿临床症状、炎症因子及免疫功能的影响

目的:观察槐杞黄颗粒联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对肺炎支原体感染致大叶性肺炎患儿临床症状、炎症反应及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2020年1月~2022年12月某院收治的150例肺炎支原体感染致大叶性肺炎患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组75例。对照组在常规治疗基础上加用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用槐杞黄颗粒。比较两组患儿中医证候积分、炎症因子[高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、IL-35]、免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、临床症状(发热、咳喘、肺部阴影)改善时间以及临床疗效。结果:治疗前,两组中医证候积分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组中医证候主症积分、次症积分和总积分均降低,且观察组各项积分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组HMGB1、PCT、IL-17、IL-35等炎症因子水平比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组HMGB1、PCT、IL-17均降低,IL-35均升高(P<0.05),且观察组HMGB1、PCT、IL-17低于对照组,IL-35高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均升高,且观察组各指标高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组退热、咳喘消失、肺部阴影消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),且临床治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:槐杞黄颗粒联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠可有效减轻肺炎支原体感染致大叶性肺炎患儿的炎症反应,提高免疫功能,加快临床症状的改善和消失。

依达拉奉联合甲泼尼龙治疗一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病病人的疗效及对血清钙结合蛋白S100B、胱天蛋白酶-3水平的影响

目的 探讨依达拉奉联合甲泼尼龙治疗一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病(DEACMP)病人的疗效及对血清钙结合蛋白S100B(S100B)、胱天蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年8月在保定市第二医院治疗的102例DEACMP病人的临床资料,将2019年7月至2021年2月的50例病人设为激素组,将2021年3月至2022年8月的52例病人设为联合组,均按方便抽样法抽取。所有病人均采取常规用药+高压氧治疗,激素组在此基础上应用甲泼尼龙治疗,联合组在激素组基础上采用依达拉奉治疗。比较两组疗效、治疗前后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分、长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)评分、血清S100B、caspase-3水平及脑电图。结果 联合组总有效率92.31%明显高于激素组的74.00%(P<0.05);主体间效应检验显示治疗前MoCA、HDS评分、血清S100B、caspase-3水平高于治疗后1个月,两组治疗后1个月MoCA、HDS评分、血清S100B、caspase-3水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组治疗后1个月脑电图明显优于激素组(P<0.05)。结论 对DEACMP病人实施依达拉奉联合甲泼尼龙治疗的效果确切,可有效下调血清S100B、caspase-3水平,明显减轻痴呆症状及认知障碍,显著改善脑电图。

丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺营养支持联合甲基泼尼松龙治疗儿童腹型过敏性紫癜的临床观察

目的:观察丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺营养支持联合甲基泼尼松龙治疗儿童腹型过敏性紫癜的临床效果。方法:回顾性选取2021年2月~2024年1月南华大学附属长沙中心医院收治的腹型过敏性紫癜患儿60例,分为对照组和营养组,对照组患儿28例,采用甲基泼尼松龙治疗,营养组患儿32例,在对照组基础上联合丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺营养支持。比较两组患儿住院时间、症状反复、体重下降情况等临床效果、腹痛缓解时间、治疗前后免疫功能变化、出现感染、腹泻、失眠、消化道出血等不良反应情况。结果:相比于对照组,营养组患儿住院时间更短,出现症状反复及体重下降比例更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);营养组患儿腹痛缓解时间≤1 d的比例更高,>1 d的比例均更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);营养组患儿治疗后免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平均更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);营养组患儿不良反应发生率更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺营养支持联合甲基泼尼松龙治疗儿童腹型过敏性紫癜能够缩短患儿住院时间、减少症状反复及体重下降的情况,缓解患儿早期腹痛,降低不良反应发生率,对患儿更加安全。

不同甲基泼尼松龙治疗方案对胆道闭锁患儿的疗效

目的比较不同甲基泼尼松龙治疗方案对胆道闭锁患儿血清胆红素水平及术后胆管炎预防效果的影响。方法选取我院收治的胆道闭锁患儿114例,均接受改良Kassi术治疗,依照甲基泼尼松龙应用剂量分为小剂量组和大剂量组,每组57例。小剂量组给予小剂量甲基泼尼松龙维持治疗,大剂量组给予大剂量甲基泼尼松龙冲击治疗,对比两组患儿血清胆红素水平、黄疸消退情况、激素相关并发症情况及术后6个月的胆管炎发生情况。结果两组术后3个月总胆红素、直接胆红素水平较术前降低,且大剂量组低于小剂量组(P<0.05)。大剂量组黄疸消退情况优于小剂量组(P<0.05)。大剂量组并发症发生率与小剂量组比较,P>0.05;大剂量组术后胆管炎发生率与小剂量组比较,P>0.05。结论大剂量甲基泼尼松龙治疗可改善胆道闭锁患儿血清胆红素水平,促进黄疸消退,安全性良好。

甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对重症支原体肺炎患儿症状消失时间及炎症反应的影响

目的研究甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠对重症支原体肺炎(SMPP)患儿的治疗效果及安全性。方法采用随机数表法将南华大学附属长沙中心医院2021年1月—2022年12月收治的108例SMPP患儿分为两组,对照组(54例)采用常规治疗,研究组(54例)采用常规治疗联合甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗,比较2组临床疗效。结果治疗后研究组炎症因子水平低于对照组,肺功能指标、健康状况评分均高于对照组,发热、咳嗽、肺啰音及肺阴影消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠治疗可加快患儿症状缓解,改善机体炎症反应及肺功能,且安全性较高。

Epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China:a hospital-based retrospective study

Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death.China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope;national-level studies have been rare.To the best of our knowledge,no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed.This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level.We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China.Patient epidemiological and clinical features,treatment status,and total and daily costs were recorded.Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program.The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall(annual percentage change,-0.5%and 2.1%,respectively).A total of 10,053(74.7%)patients underwent surgery.Only 2.8%of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury.A total of 2005(14.9%)patients were treated with high-dose(≥500 mg)methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone(MPSS/MP);615(4.6%)received it within 8 hours.The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period(-4.7%),while daily cost did not significantly change(1.0%increase).Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals’ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours,which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery,increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.

肺部超声对阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙治疗重症支原体肺炎的效果评估

目的分析肺部超声在阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙治疗重症支原体肺炎(SMPP)患者临床疗效的评估价值。方法选取2019年2月—2022年12月于承德市中心医院入院的经阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙治疗的315例SMPP患儿,其肺部情况应用X线胸片、肺部超声进行动态评估,比较治疗前后SMPP患儿X线胸片、肺部超声检查结果及指标差异,分析肺部超声指标与X线胸片对SMPP患儿的诊断价值,应用logistic回归分析阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙治疗SMPP疗效的影响相关因素。结果315例SMPP患儿治疗有效284例,总有效率为90.16%。治疗3、7 d后气腔实变影面积、段叶分布实变影比例以及肺实变面积、多个肺叶不张比例均低于治疗前,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肺部超声的曲线下面积、诊断敏感度均稍低于X线胸片,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);肺部超声的诊断特异度明显高于X线胸片(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,治疗7 d后肺实变面积、多个肺叶不张、药物治疗时的病程是影响SMPP患儿疗效的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论肺部超声在一定程度上可动态监测及评估SMPP患儿阿奇霉素联合甲泼尼龙治疗时的肺部病变情况及治疗效果,与X线胸片相比,肺部超声的诊断特异度较高。

不同剂量甲泼尼龙联合布地奈德、阿奇霉素治疗难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的疗效评价

目的:探讨不同剂量甲泼尼龙联合布地奈德、阿奇霉素对难治性肺炎支原体肺炎(RMPP)患儿的疗效评价。方法:将176例RMPP患儿按照接受治疗方式不同分为A(n=68)、B(n=56)、C(n=52)三组,A组接受布地奈德雾化吸入联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法;B组在A组的基础上联合低剂量甲泼尼龙治疗;C组在A组的基础上联合高剂量甲泼尼龙治疗。治疗7 d后,比较各组患儿治疗效果、肺功能、免疫功能、炎症指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗7 d后,C组患儿治疗有效率高于A组(P<0.05)。治疗后,各组患儿1 s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且A组<B组<C组(P<0.05)。治疗后,各组患儿免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且A组<B组<C组(P<0.05)。治疗后,各组患儿C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且A组<B组<C组(P<0.05)。A组、B组、C组患儿不良反应总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在布地奈德雾化吸入、阿奇霉素序贯疗法的基础上联合甲泼尼龙有利于提升对RMPP的治疗效果,改善患儿肺功能及免疫功能,降低炎性因子水平,且联合高剂量甲泼尼龙疗效更佳。

伴激素过敏史的结核性脑膜炎患者的激素治疗策略探讨

目的旨在为伴有激素过敏史却需要使用激素治疗的患者提供用药参考和治疗思路。方法药师结合说明书和文献,分析甲泼尼龙的致敏机制,辅助临床医生为伴有甲泼尼龙过敏史的结核性脑膜炎患者制定口服激素治疗方案,并对该方案的有效性和安全性进行验证。结果甲泼尼龙注射制剂含有痕量的牛奶蛋白,禁用于已明确对牛乳过敏的患者。患者改为口服激素治疗后,未再出现过敏情况,病情平稳。结论糖皮质激素本身也会诱发过敏反应,在病史采集过程中应关注患者既往过敏史,同时药师也可发挥药学特长,协助临床医生制定个体化给药方案,保障患者用药的有效性和安全性。