There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences i...There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.展开更多
城镇化进程伴随着生态用地流失与生态系统服务下降。对生态系统服务与经济发展间一致性的量化与分析,是厘清区域差异、优化空间布局、实现可持续发展的基础。基于青岛都市圈1990—2017年遥感数据与统计年鉴数据,使用当量因子法对生态系...城镇化进程伴随着生态用地流失与生态系统服务下降。对生态系统服务与经济发展间一致性的量化与分析,是厘清区域差异、优化空间布局、实现可持续发展的基础。基于青岛都市圈1990—2017年遥感数据与统计年鉴数据,使用当量因子法对生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,简称ESV)进行货币化定量核算,进而构建生态系统服务与经济一致性指数,以探讨二者时空协调性特征,并通过驱动因子分析提出区域生态系统服务与经济平衡的优化改善建议。研究表明:受土地利用变化影响,青岛都市圈2017年总ESV较1990年下降11.34亿元。空间上,ESV表现出北东—南西向展布的"高-低-高"分布格局。整体上,青岛都市圈生态系统服务和经济集聚表现出不协调,且不协调范围有所扩大;生态系统服务集聚高于经济集聚主要发生在青岛都市圈西北方向的城市,而经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚的地区主要分布在东部沿海地带。驱动因子分析表明,ESV减少主要受与城市中心距离的影响。因此,经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚的地区应管控城镇用地低效蔓延并加强集约利用,同时对具备重要生态功能的要素实施保护;生态系统服务集聚高于经济集聚的地区应积极探索新形势下生态产品转化路径,以实现区域之间的生态与经济协同发展。展开更多
文摘There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.
文摘城镇化进程伴随着生态用地流失与生态系统服务下降。对生态系统服务与经济发展间一致性的量化与分析,是厘清区域差异、优化空间布局、实现可持续发展的基础。基于青岛都市圈1990—2017年遥感数据与统计年鉴数据,使用当量因子法对生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,简称ESV)进行货币化定量核算,进而构建生态系统服务与经济一致性指数,以探讨二者时空协调性特征,并通过驱动因子分析提出区域生态系统服务与经济平衡的优化改善建议。研究表明:受土地利用变化影响,青岛都市圈2017年总ESV较1990年下降11.34亿元。空间上,ESV表现出北东—南西向展布的"高-低-高"分布格局。整体上,青岛都市圈生态系统服务和经济集聚表现出不协调,且不协调范围有所扩大;生态系统服务集聚高于经济集聚主要发生在青岛都市圈西北方向的城市,而经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚的地区主要分布在东部沿海地带。驱动因子分析表明,ESV减少主要受与城市中心距离的影响。因此,经济集聚高于生态系统服务集聚的地区应管控城镇用地低效蔓延并加强集约利用,同时对具备重要生态功能的要素实施保护;生态系统服务集聚高于经济集聚的地区应积极探索新形势下生态产品转化路径,以实现区域之间的生态与经济协同发展。
