玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究

本文对南美药食两用植物玛咖(LepidiummeyeniiWalp.)干粉的营养成分进行了分析,其中蛋白质含量达到8.87%,并发现含有大量的支链氨基酸和一定量的牛磺酸、矿物质锌等多种具有抗疲劳作用的营养成分,且通过动物试验证明了玛咖干粉具有显著抗疲劳功效。

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men

Aim: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidiwnmeyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24-44 years old. Methods: Nine men receivedtablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of theWorld Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin(PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E_2) were measured before and after treatment. Results; Treatment withMaca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serumhormone levels were not modified with Maca treatment. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca.Conclusion: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, Tand E_2. (Asian J Androl 2001 Dec; 3: 301 - 303)

Effect of Lepidium meyenii (maca) roots on spermatogenesis of male rats

Aim: To determine the effect of oral administration of an aqueous extract from the roots of Lepidium meyenii (maca)on spermatogenesis in adult male rats. Methods; Male rats received an aqueous extract of the root (66.7 mg in onemL) twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Results: Treatment with Lepidium meyenii resulted in an increase in theweights of testis and epididymis but not the seminal vesicle weight. The length and frequency of stages IX-XIV seminif-erous tubules, where mitosis occurred, were increased and stages I-VI were reduced in rats treated with Lepidiummeyenii. Conclusion; The Lepidium meyenii root invigorates spermatogenesis in male rats by acting on its initialstages (IX-XIV). (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 231 - 233)

Effect of alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on testicular function in male rats

<abstract>Aim: To evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on the spermatogenesis in male rats. Methods: In Holtzman rats, Maca alcoholic extract (5%) was given by oral route at doses of 48 mg/day or 96 mg/day for 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. Testicular function was assessed by measurements of lengths of different stages of seminiferous epithelia and by epididymal sperm count. Results: Ethanolic extract of Maca increased the length of stages IX-XI of seminiferous epithelium at treatment day 7, day 14 and day 21. Progression of spermatogenesis was evident only after day 21 when lengths of stages XII-XIV of seminiferous epithelium were increased; at day 7 and day 14, no important change in spermatogenesis was observed. Epididymal sperm count was increased with 48 mg/day at all times. With 96 mg/day an increase in sperm count was observed at day 7, but it was reduced at day 14 and day 21 of treatment. Serum testosterone levels were not affected. Conclusion: The alcoholic extract of Maca activates onset ant progression of spermatogenesis at 48 mg/day or 96 mg/day in rats.

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) reduces spermatogenic damage induced by a single dose of malathion in mice

Aim: To observe the effect of the aqueous extract of hypocotyls of the plant Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on spermato-genic damage induced by the organophosphate insecticide malathion in mice. Methods: Mice were treated with 80 mg kg^(-1) of malathion in the presence or absence of an aqueous extract of Maca, which was orally administered 7, 14 or 21 days after injection of the malathion. Stages of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by transillumination on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Results: The administration of Maca increased significantly the length of stage 鈪?on days 7, 14 and 21 of treatment compared with the controls. An increase in the length of stage 鈪?occurred on day 14 of treatment. Malathion affected spermatogenesis by reducing the lengths of stage 鈪?on day 7, stages 鈪?and 鈪?鈪?on day 14 and a recovery of stages 鈪?鈪?on day 21. The magnitude of alteration in the length of stage 鈪?produced by malathion was significantly reduced by Maca on days 7 and 14. The length of stage 鈪?was increased when Maca was administered to mice treated with malathion. Assessment of the relative length of stages of the seminiferous epithelium showed that Maca treatment resulted in rapid recovery of the effect of malathion. Conclusion: Maca enhances spermatogenesis following spermatogenic damage caused by the organophosphorous pesticide.

Progress on the Chemical Constituents Derived from Glucosinolates in Maca(Lepidium meyenii)

Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.),a famous food supplement,has drawn an unprecedented international interest over the last two decades.It was assumed that glucosinolates,macamides,macaenes,and alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Maca before.Recently,a series of novel thiohydantoins which generally exhibit a variety of activities have been isolated from Maca.This review focuses on the progress on the main bioactive components of Maca and their biosynthetic pathway,which indicates that macamides,thiohydantoins,and some alkaloids may originate from glucosinolates.Interestingly,thiohydantoins from Maca are the first type of thiohydantoin derivatives to be found from a natural source and may contribute to some significant effects of Maca.

Qualitative Identification and Semi-Quantitative Comparison of Sucrose in Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) by Infrared Spectrum Analysis

Objective: In order to establish a method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in Macas by infrared spectral analysis. Methods: Six Maca samples with three color types and from two producing areas in Yunnan province (China) were collected. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of raw Maca, ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc-E), alcohol extracts (EtOH-E) and extracted residues were recorded selectively. Comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies were used to explore the FTIR analytical method for sucrose in Maca. Results: Sucrose was proved to be a component in the Lijiang purple Maca (LPM) sample by comparative analysis of FTIR and second derivative in-frared spectroscopy (SDIR) with sucrose as a reference substance. Relative higher content of sucrose might be responsible for the distinctive absorption character of FTIR from LPM. With the aid of comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies, conclusions could be drawn that all of the six Maca samples in this research contained some sucrose more or less. Furthermore, relative content of sucrose in the LM was higher than those in HM in general. Conclusion: An infrared spectrum analysis method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in different Maca samples was developed. Compared with other analytical methods, the developed method shows unparalleled charm for its inherent merits of convenient, fast, low cost, visual, efficient et al.

独行菜属植物玛咖(Lepidium meyenii)的微形态研究

利用光学显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜,对不同颜色、不同产地玛咖(Lepidium meyenii)的叶表皮、花粉粒以及种皮进行了微形态学研究。结果表明:(1)不同颜色玛珈的叶表皮、花粉粒微形态具有高度的一致性,但与我国部分独行菜属植物有着明显的差异;(2)不同产地、不同颜色玛珈的种皮微形态有明显的差异。该研究为新植物资源玛咖的种质鉴定、分类提供了一些新的依据。

Lepithiohydimerins A-D:Four Pairs of Neuroprotective Thiohydantoin Dimers Bearing a Disulfide Bond from Maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.)

Main observation and conclusion An HPLC-UV-guided separation was performed and four pairs of unprecedented macathiohydantoin dimers,lepithiohydimerins A—D(1—4)bearing a rare disulfide bond were isolated from the tubers of Maca.Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by NMR spectroscopic,X-ray crystallographic and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)analyses.At the concentration of 20μmol/L,compounds 2-1,2-2,and 4-1 increased the viability of PC12 cells with the cell viability at(72.06±1.14)%,(72.64±1.49)%,and(70.93±1.22)%,respectively.Furthermore,the serial concentration experiment showed that they can protect PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

用反相高效液相色谱法测定Lepidium meyenii

十字花科独行菜属Lepidium meyenii是一种分布在秘鲁高海拔地区的植物，其梨形块茎胚轴具有很高的营养价值。当地印第安人用其治疗贫血、肺结核、不育以及疲劳等病症。本次首次采用高效液相色谱法，以从中分离到的5个化合物为主要指标，对L.meyenii进行了定性和定量研究。

Identification of maca(Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and its adulterants by a DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence

Maca(Lepidium meyenii) is an herbaceous plant that grows in high plateaus and has been used as both food and folk medicine for centuries because of its benefits to human health. In the present study, ITS(internal transcribed spacer) sequences of forty-three maca samples, collected from different regions or vendors, were amplified and analyzed. The ITS sequences of nineteen potential adulterants of maca were also collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the ITS sequence of maca was consistent in all samples and unique when compared with its adulterants. Therefore, this DNA-barcoding approach based on the ITS sequence can be used for the molecular identification of maca and its adulterants.

有机肥与氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和质量的影响

探讨有机肥与氮磷钾配施对玛咖品质和产量的影响,为优质玛咖种植及合理施肥提供参考依据。以玛咖优良品种“乌蒙黑玛咖”为材料,田间试验设置6个处理:CK、M(有机肥)、F1(常规施肥)、F1+M、F2(50%常规施肥)、F2+M。施肥显著提高玛咖地上部和根农艺性状、产量和品质。在8—9月以促进地上部生长为主,而在10月以加快玛咖根生长为主;玛咖前期生长对磷钾需求较高,而对氮的需求在整个生育期都高;施肥显著提高玛咖酰胺类化合物、玛咖烯、芥子油苷类化合物和灰分的含量,其中F1+M处理在酰胺类化合物、玛咖烯和灰分含量上均表现出最高,分别为192.79、7.93和3.97 mg/100 g,而芥子油苷类化合物含量则在F1处理最高,为2.47 mg/100 g;所有施肥处理中表现为F1+M处理产量最高,为11708 kg/hm^(2)。试验结果表明,F1+M处理下,即每公顷施用化肥N 120 kg、P_(2)O_(5)90 kg、K_(2)O 120 kg,同时配施精制有机肥7500 kg,可使玛咖产量和品质达到最佳。

玛咖脂溶性成分的GC-MS指纹图谱的构建及溯源

采用超声辅助法和气相色谱-质谱联用法对7个不同产地的玛咖的脂溶性成分进行了提取检测.计算了91种脂溶性成分中15个特征成分异氰酸苄酯、苯乙腈、苯乙酸、3-甲氧基苯乙腈、2-苯基乙酰胺、N-乙酰苄胺、棕榈酸甲酯、2-甲基-4-苯甲氧基吡啶氮氧化物、亚油酸甲酯、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烯酸苄酯、十八烷-9,12,15-三烯酸苄酯、芥酸酰胺、N-苄基-(9Z,12Z)-十八碳二烯酰胺、N-苄基十六烷酰胺和(9Z)-N-苄基-9-十八碳烯酰胺的相对含量;通过对获得的数据进行比对分析,构建了玛咖的指纹图谱.采用主成分分析法提取得到3-甲氧基苯乙腈、亚油酸甲酯和N-苄基十六烷酰胺3个主要成分,它们总累计百分比达到88.947%.根据玛咖中三种主要的脂溶性成分的相对含量采用主成分分析法清晰的区分了7个产地的玛咖.

云南栽培玛咖的营养成分分析与评价

对云南栽培的玛咖营养成分进行了分析,并与文献报道的秘鲁产玛咖进行了比较。结果表明:云南栽培玛咖含有16.7×104mg.kg-1的蛋白质、21.5×104mg.kg-1粗纤维、9.30%氨基酸、多种无机元素、多种维生素等营养成分,脂肪含量低;所含营养成分的种类与秘鲁产玛咖类似,其中对人体有益的蛋白质、粗纤维、钙、铁、锌、VC等成分的含量较高,表明云南栽培玛咖的营养丰富,具有开发利用价值。

云南栽培3种颜色玛咖中总生物碱含量分析

建立云南栽培玛咖的总生物碱含量的分析方法,分析评价3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量。分别采用酸性染料比色法和酸碱滴定法对云南栽培的3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量进行测定。结果表明:酸性染料比色法灵敏度高,相对标准偏差较小,是玛咖总生物碱含量测定的适宜方法;紫色、白色和黄色3种色型玛咖的总生物碱含量分别为4.4078、2.9193、2.2241mg/g,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);其中紫色玛咖的总生物碱含量最高,并与相关文献测定的来源于秘鲁的玛咖干粉的总生物碱含量相近。

云南玛卡营养成分分析

为探明从国外引进种植的玛卡的营养成分,采用国标方法对云南玛卡进行分析。结果表明:云南玛卡干样中含蛋白质12.31%、粗纤维32.57%、脂肪0.92%、VC314.97mg/kg、钙1818mg/kg、铁81.2mg/kg、锌23.8mg/kg、钾18.7mg/kg、磷1895mg/kg等多种营养成分,脂肪酸中含有38.64%亚油酸、26.46%亚麻酸、17.73%棕榈酸,同时富含14.04%氨基酸。玛卡营养成分丰富,可以进一步开发利用。

三种色型玛咖芥子油苷组分及含量分析

【目的】分析和评价云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中芥子油苷的组成及含量,为其功能及活性物质基础的进一步研究提供理论依据和技术手段。【方法】以紫色、黄色和白色等3种色型玛咖块根的鲜样、真空干燥样品和自然干燥样品为原料,采用甲醇提取液,应用HPLC及LC-ESI/MS技术分别对原料中的芥子油苷组分及含量进行分析。【结果】3种色型玛咖中均含有两种芳香族芥子油苷:苄基芥子油苷(benzyl glucosinolate)和甲氧基芐基芥子油苷(methoxybenzyl glucosinolate),样品中苄基芥子油苷含量均明显高于甲氧基苄基芥子油苷。紫色、黄色和白色玛咖鲜样中的总芥子油苷含量分别为50.14、46.35、84.57μmol.g-1,自然干燥样品的总含量分别为13.05、14.35、14.94μmol.g-1,而真空干燥样品含量分别只有0.24、0.05、0.29μmol.g-1。【结论】云南栽培的3种色型玛咖中的芥子油苷组分相同,与文献报导的秘鲁产原料的芥子油苷组分基本一致。3种原料鲜样中的各组分芥子油苷含量及总含量均存在显著差异(P<0.01),其中白色玛咖的芥子油苷含量较高,3种色型样品均明显高于文献报导的秘鲁产原料。干燥样品的含量显著低于鲜样(P<0.01),粉碎干燥加工使玛咖中的芥子油苷发生了严重水解。

玛咖和西洋参皂苷合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:90只小鼠进行刀豆素A(ConA)诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验和NK细胞活性测定;另90只小鼠进行小鼠半数溶血值(HC50)测定和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验。实验设6组:合用物低、中、高剂量(0.02,0.2和1 g.kg-1.d-1,玛咖根干粉和西洋参总皂苷粉按照质量比93∶7进行均匀混合)组、单一玛咖(0.93 g.kg-1.d-1)组、单一皂苷组(0.07 g.kg-1.d-1)和阴性对照(蒸馏水)组,每组15只。各组每日灌胃一次,每次20 mL.kg-1,连续30 d后测定各项指标。结果:与对照组比较,合用物组显著提高ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力,增加HC50值,增强小鼠巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,并显著增加NK细胞活性。其作用优于单一玛咖组和单一皂苷组。结论:玛咖干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用能增强小鼠的免疫功能。

云南种植玛咖乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性分析

采用铁离子还原能力(FRAP)、Fenton反应体系、DPPH法及邻苯三酚自氧化体系评价种植于云南的玛咖乙醇提取物体外抗氧化能力。结果表明:在云南种植的3种颜色玛咖乙醇提取物均表现出抗氧化活性,且呈现一定的量效关系,但在4种抗氧化体系中的结果有所不同;紫色玛咖的总还原能力最强,黄色次之,白色最弱,3200m海拔地区种植的玛咖高于其他相对低海拔地区的玛咖;紫色和黄色玛咖的清除DPPH自由基能力高于白色,3200m海拔地区种植的玛咖高于其他相对低海拔地区的玛咖;3种颜色玛咖对羟自由基的清除能力明显,各样品的清除率在加入量为200μL时均达到90%以上,3000m海拔地区种植的黄色玛咖最强;3种颜色玛咖对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力在实验范围内均较弱。

玛咖醇提取物对小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的探讨玛咖醇提取物的抗衰老作用及其机制。方法采用自然衰老小鼠为模型,连续ig给予玛咖醇提取物60 d后,测定小鼠血清、肝脏、心脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(G SH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(M DA)的水平以及皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,免疫功能实验采用PHA刺激淋巴细胞转化及免疫器官指数的方法。结果玛咖醇提取物能显著提高老龄小鼠心脏和肝脏中G SH-Px活性及血清和肝脏中SOD活性,降低血清及肝脏中M DA水平,增加皮肤羟脯氨酸水平,提高PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化率。结论玛咖醇提取物可能通过改善自由基代谢、增强细胞免疫发挥其抗衰老作用。