Effects of Pb on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast Mg97Zn1Y2 alloys

In this present work, Pb was applied in the Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy to improve its microstructure and properties, using conventional casting methods. The microstructure and properties of the Mg97 Zn1 Y2 alloy and Mg97Zn1Y2-x Pb(x=0.6 wt.%, 1.2 wt.% and 1.8 wt.%) alloys were observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy method and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, hardness and strength measurement and electrochemical testing. After adding Pb to the Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy, a new particle phase Mg_2 Pb was identified along the grain boundaries, and dendrites were refined. In addtion, the hardness of Mg97Zn1Y2-xPb(x=0.6 wt.%, 1.2 wt.% and 1.8 wt.%) alloys was higher than that of the Mg97 Zn1Y2 alloy; with the increase of Pb content, the hardness of the alloy increased first and then decreased, followed by a final slight increase, and reached a maximum of 89.1 HV when the Pb content was 0.6 wt.%. The strength of the alloy increased first and then decreased as the Pb content increased. Moreover, adding a small amount of Pb to the alloy can effectively inhibit corrosion, and Mg97Zn1Y2-0.6 wt.%Pb exhibits the best corrosion resistance ability.

Pb-Mg-Al合金的热变形行为与加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究Pb-Mg-Al合金在变形温度453～613 K、应变速率0.01～1 s-1条件下的热压缩流变行为,计算应力指数和变形激活能,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金的高温变形的本构关系,基于Murty准则,建立Pb-Mg-Al合金的加工图。结果表明:Pb-Mg-Al合金为正应变速率敏感材料;该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦函数本构方程和Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其平均变形激活能为149.524 4kJ/mol;从加工图分析并结合激活能,确定Pb-Mg-Al合金的最优变形温度和应变速率分别为533 K和0.1 s-1。

轧制对Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用熔炼铸造和塑性变形方法制备Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金。采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等方法研究轧制对Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金显微组织的影响,采用动电位极化和恒电流放电等方法研究轧制对Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:轧制使Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金的晶粒细化、第二相破碎、再结晶程度降低、Mg-Al-Pb-La镁合金的放电活性增强、耐蚀性变差和阳极效率降低;当轧制变形量为40%时,镁合金的综合放电性能优良,在电流密度180 m A/cm^2下平均放电电位和阳极效率分别为-1.749 V(vs SCE)和(82.9±0.2)%。

医用Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn合金在PBS模拟体液中的腐蚀行为

利用真空感应熔炼,采用金属模浇铸制备了Mg(100-x-y-z)-Znx-Cay-Mnz四元合金。使用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪对合金进行分析和表征。探讨了合金在PBS模拟体液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,Ca、Zn及Mn原子的复合加入可显著细化合金的铸态显微组织;镁合金的腐蚀发生于晶粒内部,至晶界处终止;当加入2.0%的Zn和0.5%的Ca时,铸态合金的抗腐蚀性能最佳(平均腐蚀速率为0.77mm/a);当Zn、Ca含量均大于1%时,固溶时效态合金的腐蚀速率下降为铸态的1/2～1/4,表现出优异的耐蚀性;固溶时效处理可有效减少Mg2Ca相的体积分数,改善其分布,提高合金的耐蚀性能。

Pb-Mg-Al合金热挤压过程的数值模拟研究

通过Gleeble-1500D热模拟机获得了Pb-Mg-Al合金的应力-应变曲线。采用刚粘塑性有限元法对Pb-Mg-Al合金热挤压过程进行了热力耦合数值模拟,分析了热变形参数对挤压力和挤压温度变化情况的影响。模拟结果表明:挤压比控制在25以内、挤压速度及挤压温度分别在:5～15mm/s、200～300℃范围内选取,这会有利于Pb-Mg-Al合金热挤压过程顺利进行。

稀土Ce对Pb-Mg-Al屏蔽材料组织和耐蚀性的影响

采用腐蚀失重试验和动电位极化曲线扫描测试手段,研究Ce元素对Pb-Mg-Al合金在3.5%(质量)NaCl溶液中腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着Ce含量的增加,稀土Ce与合金中的Al形成弥散、均匀的金属间化合物Al4Ce,进一步提高了合金的耐蚀性。

热处理对Mg-Pb合金组织和性能的影响

初步研究了退火和回火热处理对Mg-Pb二元铸态合金组织和性能的影响及稀土元素钕对该合金的影响。结果表明:少量的(≤2%)稀土元素钕(Nd)的加入对Mg-Pb合金的力学性能有较大的提高。Mg-10%Pb-2%Nd合金经420℃(10 min)-120℃(24 h)处理后具有较好的综合力学性能。由此可见,合理的热处理制度可以极大地改善Mg-Pb合金的组织和力学性能。

Zr对铸态Mg-Sn-Pb合金显微组织的影响

利用传统重力铸造方法,制备了Mg-4Sn-2.5Pb-(1.0-2.5)Zr镁合金。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针分析了Zr对合金组织的影响。结果表明,1.0%的Zr加入Mg-4Sn-2.5Pb合金并未显著细化晶粒,使得合金中的Mg_2Sn相有沿晶界呈网状析出的趋势,在一定程度上提高了合金的抗拉强度和硬度;Mg-Sn-Pb-Zr合金没有良好的塑性。

铸态Mg-4%Sn-(1.0～3.0)%Pb合金的显微组织与力学性能

借助OM、SEM、EDS、XRD和EPMA对Mg-4%Sn-（1.0-3.0）%Pb（质量分数）合金进行微观组织、物相和元素分析,采用万能试验机和显微硬度计测试其拉伸性能和硬度。结果表明,Pb的加入,抑制晶界上Mg2Sn相的析出,使得Mg2Sn相的数量减少并呈短棒状析出,合金的铸态组织由α-Mg和Mg2Sn相组成,Pb元素均匀分布在α-Mg和Mg2Sn相中。Pb添加量为2.5%时,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率均优于Mg-4%Sn合金的,分别达到了114.05 MPa和12.48%,Pb的加入使得合金的硬度降低。

不同B含量的Pb-Mg-Al-B合金在Cl^-中的腐蚀行为

采用模拟海水浸泡实验、析氢腐蚀、中性盐雾腐蚀试验、电化学法测试,并采用静态腐蚀失重法测定计算合金腐蚀速率,研究了具有核屏蔽性能的Pb-Mg-Al-B合金在3.5wt.%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并利用SEM、XRD以及XPS对腐蚀前后合金的表面形貌和腐蚀产物进行分析。结果表明:B含量为1.5%时合金的耐腐蚀性能最好;第二相Mg17Al12以网状形态分布于晶界时对合金腐蚀有明显的阻碍作用;XRD表明腐蚀产物主要为Mg2Pb、PbO、Pb、以及Al2O3、Mg17Al12和含B相AlB2,几乎没有Mg的衍射峰;造成耐蚀性差异的主要原因在于不同元素金属含量对合金微观组织结构的影响。

Corrosion and discharge performance of Mg-9%Al-2.5%Pb alloy as anode for seawater activated battery

To obtain a new kind of Mg?Al?Pb alloy anode material with low content of Pb, the corrosion and discharge behavior of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb (hereafter in mass fraction) alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical techniques, and compared with those of Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy. The results indicate that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy exhibits a lower self-corrosion rate and higher utilization efficiency in contrast with Mg?6%Al?5%Pb alloy because of the higher content of Al. As the result of the decrease of Pb content, the discharge activity of Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy is relatively weaker but still meets the requirement of anode. These results reveal that Mg?9%Al?2.5%Pb alloy with a low content of Pb can serve as a good candidate for the anode material used in seawater activated battery.

Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Pb alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

An investigation on electrochemical behavior of Mg-5%Pb alloy, Mg-6%Al alloy and Mg-6%Al-5%Pb alloy(mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl(mass fraction) solution was conducted using electrochemical measurements and corroded morphology observation, in which solid solution and the as-aged state of each alloy were compared to discuss the influence mechanism of lead and aluminium on the electrochemical properties of alloys. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to make microstructure characterization. The electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion of Mg-5%Pb alloy is predominated by homogeneous pitting and dissolution of PbCl_2 film due to Cl ions attack, while corrosion crevice propagates along grain boundaries in solid solution of Mg-6%Al alloy and the micro galvanic corrosion also plays vital role in Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase containing experimental alloys. The co-existence of lead and aluminium in magnesium alloy increases corrosion current density and electrochemical activity as well. The comparison between solid solution and the as-aged state demonstrates that Mg_2 Pb and Mg_(17)Al_(12) somewhat increase corrosion resistance but lighten anodic polarization by facilitating corrosion product flaking off.

The Forming Conditions of and Ore-searching Direction for B, Mg,Pb, Zn and Au Deposits in the Liaoji Proterozoic Rift

The Liaoji Proterozoic rift is an inter-intracontinenatl rift developed from Archean granite-greenstone tectonic regime and contains many important mineral deposits of U, B, magnesite, Pb-Zn, Au, Ag, Co and P. These deposits were formed as the result of late mobilization, transportation and concentfation of the previously enriched ore-forming mate- rials in several ore-bearing formations formed during the rift stage. So the metallogeny of these deposits in the rift shows both inheritance and new generation of the ore-forming materials. In future ore-searching practice, attentions should be paid on the studies of the ore-bearing formations in the rift, on the multiple stages of metallogeny and and on multiple derivations of the ore-forming materials.

碱熔Nb_2O_5湿化学法合成Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3纳米粉体

以Nb2O5作为反应的起始物,采用一种新型湿化学方法制备复合钙钛矿型Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3(简称PMN)纳米粉体。利用激光拉曼光谱、DSC/TG、TEM和XRD对制备的Nb-柠檬酸铵络合溶液、干凝胶粉末和PMN粉体进行了表征。研究了焙烧工艺对PMN粉体的物相组成、晶粒尺寸及相含量的影响。实验结果表明:在适宜的焙烧条件下,PMN粉体的平均粒径小于50nm,PMN相的含量大于70%。适当升高焙烧温度及延长保温时间或者采取二次焙烧均能提高钙钛矿相PMN的含量,其中采用二次焙烧的方法效果显著。

Modification and refinement mechanism of Mg_2Si phase in Sr-containing AZ61-0.7Si magnesium alloy

The effect of Sr on modification and refinement of the Mg 2 Si phase in an AZ61-0.7Si magnesium alloy has been investigated and analyzed.The results indicate that Sr can effectively modify and refine the Chinese-script shaped Mg2Si phase in the AZ61-0.7Si alloy.By adding 0.06wt.%-0.12wt.%Sr to AZ61-0.7Si alloy,the Mg2Si phase in the alloy can be changed from the initial coarse Chinese-script shape to fine granule and/or irregular polygonal shapes.Accordingly,the Sr-containing AZ61-0.7Si alloy exhibits higher tensile and creep properties than the AZ61-0.7Si alloy without Sr modification.The mechanism on modification and refinement of the Mg2Si phase in Sr-containing AZ61-0.7Si alloy is possibly related to the following two aspects:(1)adding Sr may form the Al4Sr phase which can serve as the heterogeneous nucleus for the Mg2Si particles and/or(2)adding Sr may lower the onset crystallizing temperature and increase the undercooling level.

Yield strength prediction of rolled Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets under T4 condition

The effects of Si content on the microstructure and yield strength of Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7 Mg(wt.%)alloy sheets under the T4 condition were systematically studied via laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM),DSC,TEM and tensile tests.The results show that the recrystallization grain of the alloy sheets becomes more refined with an increase in Si content.When the Si content increases from 1.44 to 12.4 wt.%,the grain size of the alloy sheets decreases from approximately 47 to 10μm.Further,with an increase in Si content,the volume fraction of the GP zones in the matrix increases slightly.Based on the existing model,a yield strength model for alloy sheets was proposed.The predicted results are in good agreement with the actual experimental results and reveal the strengthening mechanisms of the Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7 Mg alloy sheets under the T4 condition and how they are influenced by the Si content.

Microstructural evolution of pre-twinned Mg alloy with annealing temperature and underlying boundary migration mechanism

This study investigates the variations in the microstructural characteristics of a pre-twinned Mg alloy with the temperature of the subsequent annealing treatment.To this end,a rolled AZ31 alloy is compressed to 3%plastic strain along the rolling direction(RD)to activate{10-12}twinning and is subsequently annealed at 200,250,300,350,and 400℃.Numerous{10-12}twins are formed throughout the compressed material,leading to the formation of a RD-oriented texture.At an annealing temperature of 200℃,no microstructural variations occur during annealing.As the annealing temperature increases from 250 to 400℃,the residual strain energy and remaining twin boundaries of the annealed material decrease owing to the promoted static recovery and the increased area fraction of twin-free grown grains.Consequently,an increase in the annealing temperature results in a gradual microstructural transition from a fully twinned grain structure to a completely twin-free grain structure.The microstructural evolution during annealing is predominantly governed by the movement of high-angle grain boundaries via a strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,and a few twin boundaries migrate above 350℃because of their lower boundary energy.The boundary migration behavior and resultant microstructural evolution are discussed in detail based on the variations in boundary mobility and driving force for boundary migration with annealing temperature.

Unveiling the planar deformation mechanisms for improved formability in pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet at warm temperature

To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm.The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states.The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated,the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for{10-12}twinning.The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet,especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region.Consequently,the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)type is continuous DRX(CDRX)regardless of the planar stress state.However,the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect{10-12}twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX.The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.

AZ91D镁合金表面Ni-铅基巴氏合金双镀层的摩擦磨损性能

为了改善镁合金的摩擦学性能,采用化学镀镍与热浸镀铅基巴氏合金相结合的方法,在AZ91D镁合金表面获得了Ni-铅基巴氏合金双镀层。用JEOLJSM-7001F型扫描电镜观察了镀层的形貌,以CETRUMT-2型球盘试验机研究了干摩擦条件下AZ91D镁合金基体和Ni-铅基巴氏合金镀层的摩擦学性能及摩擦后的表面磨痕轮廓特征。研究发现,镁合金基体与Ni-铅基巴氏合金镀层载荷为0.5 N时平均摩擦系数分别为0.397和0.145,磨损率分别为3.180×10-3,9.826×10-5mm3/(m·N);载荷为2 N时摩擦系数分别为0.346和0.254,磨损率分别为1.991×10-3,7.763×10-5mm3/(m·N)。结果表明,Ni-铅基巴氏合金双层镀层使镁合金表面的减摩性能得到显著提高,同时也有效地提高了基体的耐磨性能。

Pb-Mg-Al合金腐蚀机理的电子理论研究

为了了解Pb-Mg-Al合金腐蚀的物理本质,本文采用基于第一性原理的赝势平面波方法系统地计算了Pb-Mg-Al合金中各物相的结合能、费米能级和局域态密度等电子结构参数,分析了合金的电化学腐蚀机理.计算结果表明:Pb-Mg-Al合金中各主要组成物相稳定性大小关系为Mg_(17)Al_(12)>Mg_2Pb>Mg;Mg,Mg_2Pb和Mg_(17)Al_(12)的费米能级存在E_f(Mg)>E_f(Mg_2Pb)>E_f(Mg_(17)Al_(12))的关系,说明Mg最容易失去电子,Mg_2Pb次之,Mg_(17)Al_(12)最难;局域态密度表明,在同样的外界条件下,体系中Mg相和Mg_2Pb相对于Mg_(17)Al_(12)均处于不稳定的状态,容易失去电子,即容易发生腐蚀.Pb-Mg-Al合金体系中不同物相的费米能级差构成了电化学腐蚀的电动势,导致电子从费米能级高的Mg相和Mg_2Pb相流向费米能级低的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,使Pb-Mg-Al合金发生腐蚀.