Unveiling the planar deformation mechanisms for improved formability in pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet at warm temperature

To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation,the stretch forming is conducted at 200℃.Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm.The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states.The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated,the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for{10-12}twinning.The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet,especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region.Consequently,the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better.The dynamic recrystallization(DRX)type is continuous DRX(CDRX)regardless of the planar stress state.However,the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect{10-12}twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX.The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.

Fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded AZ31 Mg alloy sheet joints

The fatigue behavior of friction stir spot welded （FSSW） AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet joints was investigated by tension- compression of fatigue test. The results suggest that all the fatigue failures occur at the stir zone of the FSSW AZ31 sheet joints, and all cracks initiate at the stir zone outer edge between the upper and lower sheet. When the cycle force equals 1 kN, the crack propagates along the interface of heat-affected zone and thermo-mechanical zone, simultaneously across the direction of force; while the cycle force equals 3 kN, the crack propagates along the diameter of stir zone and shear failure occurs finally. Moreover, the transverse microsections indicate that there is a tongue-like region at the outer edge of stir zone between the two AZ31 sheets, and the direction of tongue-like region is toward outside of the stirred zone and all fatigue cracks initiate at the tongue-like region.

Yield strength prediction of rolled Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7Mg alloy sheets under T4 condition

The effects of Si content on the microstructure and yield strength of Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7 Mg(wt.%)alloy sheets under the T4 condition were systematically studied via laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM),DSC,TEM and tensile tests.The results show that the recrystallization grain of the alloy sheets becomes more refined with an increase in Si content.When the Si content increases from 1.44 to 12.4 wt.%,the grain size of the alloy sheets decreases from approximately 47 to 10μm.Further,with an increase in Si content,the volume fraction of the GP zones in the matrix increases slightly.Based on the existing model,a yield strength model for alloy sheets was proposed.The predicted results are in good agreement with the actual experimental results and reveal the strengthening mechanisms of the Al-(1.44-12.40)Si-0.7 Mg alloy sheets under the T4 condition and how they are influenced by the Si content.

Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets through slope extrusion

A novel extrusion approach,entitled slope extrusion(SE),was employed to manufacture AZ31(Mg-3Al-1 Zn,wt%)alloy sheets.The microstructures,textures,and mechanical properties were investigated,compared with those of the AZ31 sheet fabricated by conventional extrusion(CE).Through the combination of finite element simulation and actual experiment,the ultimate results indicated that significant grain refinement(from 9.1 to 7.7 and 5.6μm)and strong basal texture(from 12.6 to 17.6 and 19.5 mrd)were achieved by the SE process.The essence was associated with the additional introduced inclined interface in the process of SE,which could bring about more asymmetric deformation and stronger accumulated strain along the ND when compared with the process of CE.As a consequence,the SE sheets exhibited a higher yield strength(YS)and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)than the counterparts of the CE sheet,which was mainly assigned to the synergistic effects from grain refining and texture strengthening.

Effect of Rolling Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd Alloy Thin Sheets

There is a growing demand for degradable membranes with sufficient mechanical properties to guide tissue regeneration in dental surgery.In the present work,a two-stage rolling process in which the first rolling stage(FRS)adopted a reduction rate of 30%for six passes at various temperatures,while the second rolling stage was rolling at 200℃for two passes,was employed to prepare a 150μm-grade Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Y-0.5Nd(ZE21B)Mg alloy sheets for guided tissue regeneration membrane.The microstructure of the thin sheets was gradually refined with increasing rolling passes,and the thin sheets that were rolled at different FRS temperatures exhibit an ellipse texture.The thin sheets rolled at 350℃for FRS show low elongation due to premature fracture caused by the coarse second phase particles.On account of uniform and fine grains,the thin sheets rolled at 400℃for the FRS have proper mechanical properties:yield strength of 214.6±8.5 MPa,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 246.8±10.3 MPa and elongation to failure of 28.3±1.2%.When rolling at 450℃for FRS,proper ductility of the thin sheets has been acquired,followed by a decline in UTS since a bimodal structure with fine and coarse grain was developed.Immersion tests demonstrated the FRS temperature had no significant effect on the corrosion behavior and corrosion rate of Mg alloy sheets after 7 days’immersion in artificial saliva solution.This research has great significance for the production of degradable Mg sheets for guided tissue regeneration membrane.

Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties of composite extruded AZ31 sheets

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the composite extruded AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets were investigated and made a comparison to the conventional extruded AZ31 sheet.Owing to the introduced intense shear deformation at the interface during the composite extrusion,grain refinement and tilted texture were detected in AZ31 layers of the AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets,while the conventional extruded AZ31 sheet exhibited a relative coarse,inhomogeneous microstructure and strong basal texture.The compressiontension yield ratio was increased gradually from the AZ31 to the AZ31/AZ31 and AZ31/4047 Al sheets.Besides,the AZ31/4047 Al sheet could successfully accomplish the whole bending forming process at room temperature,while the AZ31 and AZ31/AZ31 sheets were both bend-formed to failure with significant cracks in the outer tensile region under the identical bending parameters.Moreover,under the same bending strain,both the outward offset degree of strain neutral layer and the sheet thickening were more serious in the AZ31/4047 Al composite sheet than those of the AZ31 and AZ31/AZ31 sheets.The foremost reason was the quite wide gap of material properties between Mg alloy AZ31 layer(tensile loading in the outer region)and Al 4047 layer(compressive loading in the inner region).

Microstructure and properties of Nd：YAG laser welded AZ31B magnesium alloy

Biodegradable magnesium-based alloys are very promising materials for temporary implants. Laser welding is an important joining method in such application. In this study, the as-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets of 1 mm in thickness were successfully joined by Nd ： YAG laser welding. The microstructure and properties of the welded joint were investigated. The result shows that the welded joint is characterized by a narrow heat-affected zone, finer grains and a large number of precipitates distribute in the matrix in the weld. Microhardness of the weld is significantly improved to 72 HV 0. 05 as compared to 55 HV 0. 05 of the base metal. Tensile strength of butt-welded joint is 180. 24 MPa, which is 76. 8% that of the base metal. The electrochemical corrosion experiment shows that the corrosion resistance of laser welded joint is significantly improved in a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution.

Developments of New Sheet Metal Forming Technology and Theory in China

Developments of new sheet metal forming technology and theory in China are reviewed in detail in this paper.Advances of crystal plasticity on the deformation mechanism of Mg alloy are firstly described, especially its applications on the prediction of sheet forming process. Then, a new macroscopic constitutive model is introduced, which possesses an enhanced description capacity of tension/compression anisotropy and anisotropic hardening. In order to take into account the twinning process of hexagonal close-packed material, a modified hierarchical multi-scale model is also established with adequate accuracy in a shorter computational time. The advanced forming limit of sheet metal, mainly about aluminum alloy, is also investigated. Besides the above theory developments, some new sheet metal forming technologies are reviewed simultaneously. The warm forming technology of Mg alloy is discussed. New processes to form sheet parts and to bend tubes are proposed by using hard granules. On the other hand, a new kind of ultra-high-strength steel based on typical22 Mn B5 by introducing more residual austenite and Cu-rich phase to increase the elongation and strength and its novel forming method that integrates hot stamping and quenching participation are proposed. Progresses in sheet hydroforming,press forging and electromagnetic forming of sheet metal parts are also summarized.