The influence of different contents of Cr, Mo, and rare earth element(RE) additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed. The results show that the addition of Cr ...The influence of different contents of Cr, Mo, and rare earth element(RE) additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed. The results show that the addition of Cr in medium manganese steel can improved the ordering of C–Mn atomic clusters, so as to improve the steel's thermal conductivity. However, Cr will lead to precipitation of a great deal of carbides in medium manganese steel when its content is greater than 4wt%. These carbides would aggregate around the grain boundary, and as a result, the thermal conductivity is decreased. By the addition of Mo whose content is about 2wt%, spherical carbides will be formed, thus improving the thermal conductivity of the medium manganese steel. The interaction between rare earth elements and alloying elements will raise both the thermal conductivity and the wear-resisting property of medium manganese steel.展开更多
The improvements of microstructures and properties of a high strength aluminum cast alloy were studied. The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the high strength cast all...The improvements of microstructures and properties of a high strength aluminum cast alloy were studied. The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the high strength cast alloy Al-Cu-Mg-Si were investigated. The result shows that the addition of rare earth elements can change the microstructures in refining the grain size of the alloy and making the needle-like and laminar eutectic Si to a granular Si. With the increase of the rare earth, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increase first and then fall down. The mechanical properties of the alloy will reach the highest value when the content of rare earth elements is about 0.7%.展开更多
The microstructure and thermal conductivity of four groups of Mg–rare earth（RE） binary alloys（Mg–Ce,Mg–Nd, Mg–Y and Mg–Gd） in as-cast and as-solutionized states were systematically studied. Thermal conductivi...The microstructure and thermal conductivity of four groups of Mg–rare earth（RE） binary alloys（Mg–Ce,Mg–Nd, Mg–Y and Mg–Gd） in as-cast and as-solutionized states were systematically studied. Thermal conductivity was measured on a Netzsch LFA457 using laser flash method at room temperature. Results indicated that for as-cast alloys, the volume fraction of second phases increased with the increase of alloying elements. After solutionizing treatment, a part or most of second phases were dissolved in α-Mg matrix, except for Mg–Ce alloys. The thermal conductivity of as-cast and as-solutionized Mg–RE alloys decreased with the increase of concentrations. The thermal conductivity of as-solutionized Mg–Nd,Mg–Y and Mg–Gd alloys was lower than that of as-cast alloys. Thermal conductivity of as-solutionized Mg–Ce alloys was higher than that of as-cast alloys, because of the elimination of lattice defects and fine dispersed particles during solutionizing treatment. Different RE elements have different influences on the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys in the following order： Ce 〈 Nd 〈 Y 〈 Gd. Ce has the minimum effect on thermal conductivity of Mg alloys, because of the very low solubility of Ce in the α-Mg matrix. The variations in the atomic radius of the solute elements with Mg atom（ r）, valence, configuration of extranuclear electron of the solute atoms, and the maximum solid solubility of elements in the α-Mg matrix were suggested to be the main reasons for the differences in thermal conductivity of resulting Mg–RE alloys.展开更多
As-east mierostruetures and their distribution of Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloy with high magnesium, low zinc and yttrium were examined using Nikon Epiphot optical microscopy （OM）, RigakuD/max-3C X- ray diffraetion （XRD）,...As-east mierostruetures and their distribution of Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloy with high magnesium, low zinc and yttrium were examined using Nikon Epiphot optical microscopy （OM）, RigakuD/max-3C X- ray diffraetion （XRD）, and JEOL JSM-6700F scanning electron microscopy （SEM） equipped with an energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. In the as-east mierostructures, Yttrium and zinc tend to segregate at grain boundaries,展开更多
Mg-20Gd（ %, mass fraction）samples were prepared using melt-spinning and copper mold casting techniques. Microstructures and properties of the Mg-20Gd were investigated. Results show that the melt-spun ribbon is main...Mg-20Gd（ %, mass fraction）samples were prepared using melt-spinning and copper mold casting techniques. Microstructures and properties of the Mg-20Gd were investigated. Results show that the melt-spun ribbon is mainly composed of supersaturated a-Mg solid solution phase and the as-cast ingot mainly contains a-Mg solid solution and MgsGd phase. The differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） curve of the ribbon exhibits a small exothermic peak in the temperature range from 630 to 680 K, which indicates that the ribbon contains a metastable phase （amorphous）. Tensile strength at room temperature of the melt-spun ribbon and as-cast specimen are 308 and 254 MPa, respectively. The elongations of the two samples are less than 2 %. The fracture surfaces demonstrate that the fracture mode of the as-cast Mg-20Gd is a typical cleavage fracture and that of the melt-spun sample is a combination of brittle fracture and ductile fracture.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloys La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Mx (M=Fe, Cu, Al; x=0, 0.1) were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. Aiming to improve the cycle stabilities of the alloys, Ni in the a...La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloys La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Mx (M=Fe, Cu, Al; x=0, 0.1) were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. Aiming to improve the cycle stabilities of the alloys, Ni in the alloy was partly substituted by Fe, Cu and Al. The effects of the substitution of Fe, Cu and Al for Ni and the rapid quenching on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated in detail. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM indicate that the element substitution has no influence on the phase compositions of the alloys, but it changes the phase abundances of the alloys. Particularly, the substitution of Al and Cu obviously increases the amount of the LaNi2 phase. The substitution of Al and Fe leads to a great refinement of the as-quenched alloy′s grains. The substitution of Al strongly restrains the formation of the amorphous in the as-quenched alloy, but the substitution of Fe and Cu is quite helpful for the formation of an amorphous phase. The effects of the substitution of Fe, Cu and Al on the cycle stabilities of the as-cast and quenched alloys are different. The positive impact of the substitution elements on the cycle stabilities of the as-cast alloys is ranked in proper order Al>Fe>Cu, and for as-quenched alloys, the order is Fe>Al>Cu. Rapid quenching engenders an unconscious influence on the phase composition, but it markedly enhances the cycle stabilities of the alloys.展开更多
HfO2 alloying effect has been applied to optimize thermal insulation performance of HoTaO4 ceramics.X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to decide the crystal structur...HfO2 alloying effect has been applied to optimize thermal insulation performance of HoTaO4 ceramics.X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to decide the crystal structure.Scanning electronic microscopy is utilized to detect the influence of HfO2 alloying effect on microstructure.Current paper indicates that the same numbers of Ta5+and Ho3+ions of HoTaO4 are substituted by Hf4+cations,and it is defined as alloying effect.No crystal structural transition is introduced by HfO2 alloying effect,and circular pores are produced in HoTaO4.HfO2 alloying effect is efficient in decreasing thermal conductivity of HoTaO4 and it is contributed to the differences of ionic radius and atomic weight between Hf4+ions and host cations(Ta5+and Ho3+).The least experimental thermal conductivity is 0.8 W·K–1·m–1 at 900℃,which is detected in 6 and 9 mol%-HfO2 HoTaO4 ceramics.The results imply that HfO2–HoTaO4 ceramics are promising thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)due to their extraordinary thermal insulation performance.展开更多
文摘The influence of different contents of Cr, Mo, and rare earth element(RE) additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed. The results show that the addition of Cr in medium manganese steel can improved the ordering of C–Mn atomic clusters, so as to improve the steel's thermal conductivity. However, Cr will lead to precipitation of a great deal of carbides in medium manganese steel when its content is greater than 4wt%. These carbides would aggregate around the grain boundary, and as a result, the thermal conductivity is decreased. By the addition of Mo whose content is about 2wt%, spherical carbides will be formed, thus improving the thermal conductivity of the medium manganese steel. The interaction between rare earth elements and alloying elements will raise both the thermal conductivity and the wear-resisting property of medium manganese steel.
基金This work was financially supported by the Fund of BeijingJiaotong University(No.2004SZ006).
文摘The improvements of microstructures and properties of a high strength aluminum cast alloy were studied. The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the high strength cast alloy Al-Cu-Mg-Si were investigated. The result shows that the addition of rare earth elements can change the microstructures in refining the grain size of the alloy and making the needle-like and laminar eutectic Si to a granular Si. With the increase of the rare earth, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increase first and then fall down. The mechanical properties of the alloy will reach the highest value when the content of rare earth elements is about 0.7%.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51474043)the Education Commission of Chongqing Municipality (Grant No. KJZH14101)the Chongqing Municipal Government (Grant No. CSTC2013JCYJC60001, Two River Scholar Project and The Chief Scientist Studio Project)
文摘The microstructure and thermal conductivity of four groups of Mg–rare earth（RE） binary alloys（Mg–Ce,Mg–Nd, Mg–Y and Mg–Gd） in as-cast and as-solutionized states were systematically studied. Thermal conductivity was measured on a Netzsch LFA457 using laser flash method at room temperature. Results indicated that for as-cast alloys, the volume fraction of second phases increased with the increase of alloying elements. After solutionizing treatment, a part or most of second phases were dissolved in α-Mg matrix, except for Mg–Ce alloys. The thermal conductivity of as-cast and as-solutionized Mg–RE alloys decreased with the increase of concentrations. The thermal conductivity of as-solutionized Mg–Nd,Mg–Y and Mg–Gd alloys was lower than that of as-cast alloys. Thermal conductivity of as-solutionized Mg–Ce alloys was higher than that of as-cast alloys, because of the elimination of lattice defects and fine dispersed particles during solutionizing treatment. Different RE elements have different influences on the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys in the following order： Ce 〈 Nd 〈 Y 〈 Gd. Ce has the minimum effect on thermal conductivity of Mg alloys, because of the very low solubility of Ce in the α-Mg matrix. The variations in the atomic radius of the solute elements with Mg atom（ r）, valence, configuration of extranuclear electron of the solute atoms, and the maximum solid solubility of elements in the α-Mg matrix were suggested to be the main reasons for the differences in thermal conductivity of resulting Mg–RE alloys.
文摘As-east mierostruetures and their distribution of Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloy with high magnesium, low zinc and yttrium were examined using Nikon Epiphot optical microscopy （OM）, RigakuD/max-3C X- ray diffraetion （XRD）, and JEOL JSM-6700F scanning electron microscopy （SEM） equipped with an energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. In the as-east mierostructures, Yttrium and zinc tend to segregate at grain boundaries,
基金Project supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences for Distinguished Talents Program(D0104 WLM)
文摘Mg-20Gd（ %, mass fraction）samples were prepared using melt-spinning and copper mold casting techniques. Microstructures and properties of the Mg-20Gd were investigated. Results show that the melt-spun ribbon is mainly composed of supersaturated a-Mg solid solution phase and the as-cast ingot mainly contains a-Mg solid solution and MgsGd phase. The differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） curve of the ribbon exhibits a small exothermic peak in the temperature range from 630 to 680 K, which indicates that the ribbon contains a metastable phase （amorphous）. Tensile strength at room temperature of the melt-spun ribbon and as-cast specimen are 308 and 254 MPa, respectively. The elongations of the two samples are less than 2 %. The fracture surfaces demonstrate that the fracture mode of the as-cast Mg-20Gd is a typical cleavage fracture and that of the melt-spun sample is a combination of brittle fracture and ductile fracture.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50642033)Key Technologies R&D Programof Inner Mongolia ,China (20050205)Higher Education Science Research Project of In-ner Mongolia ,China (NJ05064)
文摘La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloys La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Mx (M=Fe, Cu, Al; x=0, 0.1) were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. Aiming to improve the cycle stabilities of the alloys, Ni in the alloy was partly substituted by Fe, Cu and Al. The effects of the substitution of Fe, Cu and Al for Ni and the rapid quenching on the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the alloys were investigated in detail. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM indicate that the element substitution has no influence on the phase compositions of the alloys, but it changes the phase abundances of the alloys. Particularly, the substitution of Al and Cu obviously increases the amount of the LaNi2 phase. The substitution of Al and Fe leads to a great refinement of the as-quenched alloy′s grains. The substitution of Al strongly restrains the formation of the amorphous in the as-quenched alloy, but the substitution of Fe and Cu is quite helpful for the formation of an amorphous phase. The effects of the substitution of Fe, Cu and Al on the cycle stabilities of the as-cast and quenched alloys are different. The positive impact of the substitution elements on the cycle stabilities of the as-cast alloys is ranked in proper order Al>Fe>Cu, and for as-quenched alloys, the order is Fe>Al>Cu. Rapid quenching engenders an unconscious influence on the phase composition, but it markedly enhances the cycle stabilities of the alloys.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51762028)Materials Genome Engineering of Rare and Precious Metal of Yunnan Province(No.2018ZE019).
文摘HfO2 alloying effect has been applied to optimize thermal insulation performance of HoTaO4 ceramics.X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to decide the crystal structure.Scanning electronic microscopy is utilized to detect the influence of HfO2 alloying effect on microstructure.Current paper indicates that the same numbers of Ta5+and Ho3+ions of HoTaO4 are substituted by Hf4+cations,and it is defined as alloying effect.No crystal structural transition is introduced by HfO2 alloying effect,and circular pores are produced in HoTaO4.HfO2 alloying effect is efficient in decreasing thermal conductivity of HoTaO4 and it is contributed to the differences of ionic radius and atomic weight between Hf4+ions and host cations(Ta5+and Ho3+).The least experimental thermal conductivity is 0.8 W·K–1·m–1 at 900℃,which is detected in 6 and 9 mol%-HfO2 HoTaO4 ceramics.The results imply that HfO2–HoTaO4 ceramics are promising thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)due to their extraordinary thermal insulation performance.
