Global CO_(2)concentration change induced by“trigger-connectors”model,especially since about 24 Ma?A preliminary hypothesis

Background,aim,and scope The tectonic uplift of the Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau has produced a chain effect,which is an excellent location for Earth system science research,and its uplift process,mechanism and environmental effects are the hot spot and frontier of the current research.The“Tibetan Plateau uplift-weathering-CO_(2)concentration-global climate change”model was put forward by Raymo and Ruddiman to interpret the Late Cenozoic climate change.However,there are still some questions suspended,such as does the weathering of the Tibetan Plateau have the ability to control the global climate?How to explain the modern-like global CO_(2)concentration starting at about 24 Ma?Here,a short space was taken to present a brainstorm about the above questions on account of existing geological pieces of evidence.Materials and methods In this paper,we integrate the formation and evolution of the Yangtze River and Pearl River,the origin and development of the Asian inland aridification-monsoon system,the Cenozoic tectonic uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau,and the westerly winds to discuss and analyze the relationship between the Cenozoic CO_(2)concentration changes and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and why the CO_(2)concentration similar to the present was formed at about 24 Ma.Results Similar correspondence of the surface uplift history of Xizang,other global mountains,and the declining CO_(2)concentration could support the theory Tibetan Plateau weathering inf luences CO_(2)concentration.Starting from 24 Ma,the most important character was the uplift and erosion of Xizang and Himalaya,collaborating with Ocean Iron Fertilization(OIF)together as an entity to control the atmospheric CO_(2)concentration because the great Asian rivers,Asian monsoons,and westerlies connected Xizang and surrounded seas together through materials transportation.Discussion Paleogeographic reconstructions from 40 Ma to 20 Ma illustrate that the main topographic change occurred in the Andes,Cordillera orogenic belt,and Xizang.We comprise a comprehensive set of evidence from independent data,which correspond temporally with the tipping point(about 24 Ma)of the atmospheric CO_(2)and we noticed that modern-like Asia monsoon,inland aridity,Asian great rivers,and climate zone formed at about 24 Ma and also there are tectonic activities for the Andes and Rockies.We raised the possibility that the modern-like atmospheric CO_(2)concentration at about 24 Ma was caused by the above geological factors.Here the rivers,monsoon,and westerlies are termed as“connectors”.In addition,these Asian rivers originated from Xizang,the monsoon,and inner Asian aridification are strongly a function of the uplift and growth of Xizang,thus,Xizang here is named as“trigger”.The distinct character of“trigger-connectors”model is that this not only takes the monsoon,westerlies,and the global great rivers into consideration but also expands the range which inf luences atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,from local points to a vast area since about 24 Ma,such as from Tibetan Plateau to Asia,including surrounded seas,after about 24 Ma.However,because the opening of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Antarctic periphery straits is highly coincident with the onset of modern-like global atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,we are forced to consider that they also had a significant impact on the reduction of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations at this time.Conclusions“Trigger-connectors”was put forward to explain the Cenozoic CO_(2)variation,especially modern-like global CO_(2)concentration since about 24 Ma.Recommendations and perspectives Here we use the“trigger-connectors”model to explain the formation of modern-like CO_(2)concentrations starting at about 24 Ma,but there are still some problems.The most important premise for the“trigger-connectors”model is the constructed Cenozoic CO_(2)concentration record is reliable,which is the foundation of our hypothesis.In the future,potential improvements should focus on topographic reconstructions of Xizang and the global mountains.Here we have concentrated on Xizang in the considered timeslices but still,pay less attention to other global orogenic belts.Collaborations with geologist experts in those regions could provide valuable feedback to evaluate their potential role of them in CO_(2)evolution.What is more,considerable progress may be achieved with the addition and consideration of more and new geological data.

部分浸泡再生混凝土Mg^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)复合盐侵蚀耐久性损伤特征与机制

为系统研究与揭示西北地区部分掩埋再生混凝土(RAC)结构耐久性损伤特征与机制,以浓度为20%的复合盐溶液为侵蚀介质,开展了14种掺辅助胶凝材料RAC部分浸泡于复合盐溶液的耐久性试验,综合分析RAC动弹性模量、宏观与微观形貌、侵蚀产物物相组成与相对含量的经时变化规律。部分浸泡RAC沿纵向高度分为饱和区、气-液两相界面区、水分传输区及干燥区。侵蚀初期气-液两相界面区损伤程度高于饱和区;侵蚀中后期饱和区的损伤持平或超过气-液两相界面区,水分传输区损伤初现。饱和区侵蚀状态由初期的化学侵蚀转变为中后期的化学-物理双重侵蚀,气-液两相界面区在侵蚀期间均呈现出化学-物理双重侵蚀。化学侵蚀产物为水镁石、硬石膏/石膏、钙矾石、Friedel盐及碱式氯化镁;物理结晶盐包含氯镁石、白钠镁矾、氯化钠、水合硫酸镁、Na_(2)SO_(4)及芒硝,各侵蚀产物与结晶盐的相对含量均随浸泡时间延长而改变。侵蚀后期,Na_(2)SO_(4)和芒硝相互转化使RAC物理力学性能急速退化。粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC抗侵蚀性能整体较好,粉煤灰-硅灰复掺最差,后者在浸泡时间180 d时抗压强度损失率高于60%。矿渣-硅灰-偏高岭土三掺RAC耐久性显著高于粉煤灰-矿渣-偏高岭土三掺,后者在侵蚀180 d时已经溃散。四掺辅助胶凝材料RAC性能衰减速度均匀,但抗侵蚀性能仍处于较低水平,相同浸泡时间下,其耐久性指标均与粉煤灰-矿渣复掺RAC差距较大。

掺Mg^(2+)的ZIF-8材料的制备及抗菌和促成骨性能研究

金属有机框架材料被广泛应用于种植体、骨修复等医疗领域。选用二甲基咪唑为有机配体,Mg^(2+)、Zn^(1+)为金属结节,通过溶剂热法在室温下成功合成纳米级Mg@ZIF-8有机框架材料。Mg@ZIF-8纳米颗粒为正十二面体结构,粒径为200~400 nm,具有Mg–N、Zn–N、C–N、C=C、C=N、C-H官能团,在酸性微环境下不稳定,以上物理表征与ZIF-8相似。抗菌实验结果表明:随着Mg^(2+)浓度的升高,Mg@ZIF-8对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能逐步提高,而且一定浓度的Mg^(2+)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能也有所提高。体外矿化实验表明:Mg^(2+)能够促进钛片表面P、Ca的沉积。Mg@ZIF-8有机框架材料在植入物领域有良好的应用前景。

Mg^(2+)掺杂对富锂层状氧化物材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)的影响

Mg^(2+)作为一种电化学惰性的阳离子,由于其离子半径(0.072 nm)与Li^(+)的离子半径(0.076 nm)相近,因此被广泛应用于取代富锂层状氧化物(LLOs)材料中Li^(+)的位置。然而,Mg^(2+)对LLOs材料晶体结构的影响还存在争议。利用溶胶凝胶法成功制备了一系列Mg^(2+)掺杂富锂正极材料Li_(1.2-x)Mg_(x)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2),通过X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱等对其晶体结构和元素价态进行了系统的研究。结果表明,Mg^(2+)掺杂导致LLOs材料晶胞参数的增加。通过与Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)材料的电化学性能对比发现,Mg^(2+)掺杂有效地提高了LLOs材料的电化学性能。经过优化后,Mg-0.03样品展现出最优异的电化学性能,在0.1 C倍率下的初始放电比容量为291.9 mA•h/g,首圈库伦效率为78.40%。

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血T淋巴细胞Mg^(2+)转运蛋白1水平表达及临床价值研究

目的探讨Mg^(2+)转运蛋白1(magnesium transporter protein 1,MagT1)在系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupuserythematosus,SLE)患者外周血T淋巴细胞中的表达情况,并阐述其临床意义。方法选取西双版纳傣族自治州人民医院2019年1月~2021年6月收治的79例SLE患者作为研究对象,依据SLE疾病活动指数(SLE disease activityindex,SLEDAI)评分将SLE患者分为中重度组(SLEDAI≥10,n=32)和轻度组(SLEDAI<10,n=47),另选取同期体检健康者40例作为对照组。记录患者临床生化和血清免疫相关指标水平;采用实时定量PCR(quantitative realtimePCR,qRT-PCR)法和Western Blot法检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞中MagT1 mRNA和蛋白表达情况;Pearson相关性分析外周血T淋巴细胞MagT1蛋白与生化免疫相关指标表达的关系;绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operatingcharacteristic,ROC)曲线分析外周血T淋巴细胞MagT1蛋白表达对SLE及其严重程度的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,轻度组和中重度组患者外周血T淋巴细胞中MagT1 mRNA[0.65(0.36,0.99),0.23(0.07,0.36)vs 1.20(0.83,1.37)]和MagT1蛋白[0.35(0.22,0.42),0.22(0.15,0.27)vs 0.53(0.40,0.63)]表达水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(Z=5.247,7.078;5.128,7.257,均P<0.05);与轻度组比较,中重度组患者外周血T淋巴细胞中MagT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(Z=5.169,3.599,均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性结果显示,外周血T淋巴细胞MagT1蛋白表达水平与血清血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)及补体3(complement 3,C3)和补体4(complement 4,C4)水平呈正相关(r=0.496,0.637,0.588,均P<0.05);与红细胞沉降速率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive-C reactive protein,hs-CRP)、免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin G,IgG)水平和SLEDAI呈负相关(r=-0.598,-0.476,-0.646,-0.514,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,外周血T淋巴细胞MagT1蛋白表达水平诊断SLE曲线下面积为0.893(95%CI:0.838~0.948),敏感度和特异度分别为90.0%,67.1%,诊断SLE严重程度曲线下面积为0.739(95%CI:0.631~0.848),敏感度和特异度分别为57.4%,84.4%。结论外周血T淋巴细胞MagT1在SLE患者中表达下调,且与SLE严重程度呈负相关,对SLE诊断和病情严重程度具有一定的诊断价值。

全自动生化分析仪Mg^(2+)检测干扰因素分析及解决方法

目的:排查本实验室罗氏全自动生化分析仪中血清镁离子(magnesianion,Mg^(2+))检测干扰因素,并采取相应的措施消除干扰。方法:通过试剂交叉污染实验初步分析对Mg^(2+)检测存在交叉污染的试剂项目;对仪器管路通道、试剂针、加样针、比色杯等进行特殊清洗;更换可能携带污染的试剂针并调整试剂摆放位置、项目加样顺序等方法消除Mg^(2+)检测干扰。结果:交叉污染实验证实对Mg^(2+)检测存在干扰的项目有甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、肌酸激酶(creatinekinase,CK)和(carbondioxide,CO);且通过清洗程序不能清除TG、CK和CO,检测试剂造成的干扰,更换试剂针后可明显降低TG、CK和CO_(2)对Mg^(2+)测定干扰偏差率,但不能完全排除检测干扰。最后经过合理的安排Mg^(2+)与干扰试剂放置仓位,调整加样顺序能够有效消除上述项目对Mg^(2+)检测干扰。结论:要重视实验室试剂交叉污染及试剂针携带污染现象,加强仪器维护清洗保养;熟悉掌握试剂检测原理,在出现实验室试剂交叉污染情况下能够迅速查明原因并及时采取相应的对策加以排除。

High-performance magnesium/sodium hybrid ion battery based on sodium vanadate oxide for reversible storage of Na^(+)and Mg^(2+)

Magnesium ion batteries(MIBs)are a potential field for the energy storage of the future but are restricted by insufficient rate capability and rapid capacity degradation.Magnesium-sodium hybrid ion batteries(MSHBs)are an effective way to address these problems.Here,we report a new type of MSHBs that use layered sodium vanadate((Na,Mn)V_(8)O_(20)·5H_(2)O,Mn-NVO)cathodes coupled with an organic 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide(PTCDI)anode in Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)hybrid electrolytes.During electrochemical cycling,Mg^(2+)and Na^(+)co-participate in the cathode reactions,and the introduction of Na^(+)promotes the structural stability of the Mn-NVO cathode,as cleared by several ex-situ characterizations.Consequently,the Mn-NVO cathode presents great specific capacity(249.9 mA h g^(−1)at 300 mA g^(−1))and cycling(1500 cycles at 1500 mA g^(−1))in the Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)hybrid electrolytes.Besides,full battery displays long lifespan with 10,000 cycles at 1000 mA g^(−1).The rate performance and cycling stability of MSHBs have been improved by an economical and scalable method,and the mechanism for these improvements is discussed.

完全浸泡再生混凝土Mg^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)侵蚀耐久性损伤规律与机理

我国西北地区的土壤与地下水中含有高浓度Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-),这些离子导致长期掩埋于地下的再生混凝土(RAC)结构耐久性严重退化。为了揭示Mg^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)侵蚀RAC耐久性损伤规律与机理,采用长期浸泡的方式,系统开展复掺辅助胶凝材料RAC耐久性试验,研究复掺辅助胶凝材料方式与取代率对RAC耐久性退化规律的影响。采用X射线衍射、红外光谱及热重等分析手段,表征RAC侵蚀产物物相组成与相对含量,揭示复合盐侵蚀RAC耐久性损伤机理。结果表明,10%粉煤灰(质量分数)+20%(质量分数)矿渣复掺RAC耐久性较高,硅灰或偏高岭土取代率高于10%时RAC的耐久性较差。侵蚀离子与RAC水化产物产生化学反应并形成晶粒极大的侵蚀产物,加速C-S-H分解向M-S-H转变;高浓度离子间相互作用形成物理盐结晶,促进裂缝的萌生扩展。化学/物理双重作用破坏RAC微观结构,加速离子扩散传输,形成化学侵蚀-结构损伤-离子传输过程。RAC界面过渡区及砂浆中遍布裂缝与孔隙,再生混凝土物理力学性能急速退化。

Uniform deposition of ultra-thin TiO_(2) film on mica substrate by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition: Effect of precursor concentration

The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.

沉默TRPM7对大鼠心肌细胞游离Mg^(2+)影响的研究

目的:探讨沉默TRPM7对大鼠心肌细胞内游离Mg^(2+)浓度的影响。方法:大鼠心肌细胞原代培养、小干扰RNA技术(siRNA)、Western blot法检测TRPM7蛋白质表达情况,荧光显微镜检测细胞内Mg^(2+)浓度变化情况。结果:相比Nc siRNA组,TRPM7 siRNA转染大鼠心肌细胞48h后,TRPM7蛋白质的沉默效率为50.11%(P<0.05),胞内Mg^(2+)浓度降低33.05%(P<0.01)。结论:转染siRNA可有效沉默TRPM7蛋白(P<0.05),沉默TRPM7后大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离Mg^(2+)浓度显著降低,TRPM7是调控大鼠心肌细胞Mg^(2+)浓度的重要离子通道。

Spatial Inhomogeneity of Atmospheric CO_(2) Concentration and Its Uncertainty in CMIP6 Earth System Models

This paper provides a systematic evaluation of the ability of 12 Earth System Models(ESMs)participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)to simulate the spatial inhomogeneity of the atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration.The multi-model ensemble mean(MME)can reasonably simulate the increasing trend of CO_(2) concentration from 1850 to 2014,compared with the observation data from the Scripps CO_(2) Program and CMIP6 prescribed data,and improves upon the CMIP5 MME CO_(2) concentration(which is overestimated after 1950).The growth rate of CO_(2) concentration in the northern hemisphere(NH)is higher than that in the southern hemisphere(SH),with the highest growth rate in the mid-latitudes of the NH.The MME can also reasonably simulate the seasonal amplitude of CO_(2) concentration,which is larger in the NH than in the SH and grows in amplitude after the 1950s(especially in the NH).Although the results of the MME are reasonable,there is a large spread among ESMs,and the difference between the ESMs increases with time.The MME results show that regions with relatively large CO_(2) concentrations(such as northern Russia,eastern China,Southeast Asia,the eastern United States,northern South America,and southern Africa)have greater seasonal variability and also exhibit a larger inter-model spread.Compared with CMIP5,the CMIP6 MME simulates an average spatial distribution of CO_(2) concentration that is much closer to the site observations,but the CMIP6-inter-model spread is larger.The inter-model differences of the annual means and seasonal cycles of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration are both attributed to the differences in natural sources and sinks of CO_(2) between the simulations.

Effects of Controlled Atmospheres with High_O_2 or High_CO_2 Concentrations on Postharvest Physiology and Storability of "Napoleon" Sweet Cherry

Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN LEAF TO ELEVATED CO_2 CONCENTRATION

The effects of CO 2 concentration on the morphological and anatomical characters of soybean (Glycine max) leaf were investigated by means of light microscopy and SEM.It was noticed that exomorphology did not show dramatic change,while stomatal density decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration.Under SEM,no epicuticular wax was observed on both abaxial and adaxial sides of the control group as well as on adaxial side of the treatment group.However,leaf surface of abaxial side was noticed to be densely covered with microasterisk epicuticular wax when they were exposed to CO 2 enriched environment.The epicuticular wax deposition was present in equal abundance on both stomatal and nonstomatal areas.Furthermore,leaf thickness increased significantly due largely to the origin of an extra layer of palisade in the treatment group.The results confirmed that CO 2 enrichment might enhance cell division and induce greater quantity of epicuticular wax.

Mg^(2+)掺杂对锰酸锂正极材料电化学性能的影响

尖晶石型LiMn_(2)O_(4)正极材料的电压平台高、原料来源丰富、生产成本低廉,但由于Jahn-Teller效应导致晶格畸变和Mn^(3+)歧化分解导致过渡金属锰的溶解严重影响电池的循环性能。本文探究了不同Mg^(2+)掺杂量对LiMn_(2)O_(4)正极材料电化学性能的影响。采用高温固相法制备了LiMg_((x))Mn_((2-x))O_(4)(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05)样品,并对其组织结构和电化学性能进行分析。结果表明,所有样品均为立方尖晶石结构,呈截断八面体形貌。电化学性能测试表明,当x=0.03时,LiMg_(0.03)Mn_(1.97)O_(4)样品在0.2 C下具有较高的放电比容量和最高的首次库伦效率(98.44%),循环稳定性最佳;在0.5 C下循环100圈后仍具有119.3 mAh/g的放电比容量,容量保持率高达92.62%。

Effects of Ca^(2+)concentrations on accumulations of mineral elements in the components of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

The bark of Pteroce/tis tatarinowii is a raw material for manufacturing XuanPaper. The effects of Ca^(2+) concentrations on the accumulation of mineral elements in the bark,leaf and root of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied under controlled conditions. The types ofHoagland nutrient solution with three Ca^(2+) concentrations levels (200, 400 and 600 μg·g^(-1))and a control (without Ca^(2+)) were designed to culture Pteroceltis tatarinowii. After 6 months,contents of seven mineral elements including Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na in the root, leaf and barkwere analyzed. The results indicated that Ca accumulations content in the root, leaf and bark hadpositively relation with Ca^(2+) concentrations (200, 400, 600 μg · g^(-1)), and the order of theCa content in the three components was root>leaf>bark. Ca content in the root treated with 600 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 5.5 times as high as that of the control, and about 1.4 times ashigh as that of the root treated in 200 and 400 μg/g Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. On thecontrary, K and Mg contents in the root, leaf and bark were negatively related to Ca^(2+)concentrations, especially in the bark, and their accumulation trend followed the order ofleaf>root>bark. K content in the bark treated with 600 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 39.3%of that of the control, and was 79.0% and 91.8% of that of the bark treated with 200 μg ·g^(-1)and 400 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively; Mg content in the bark treated with 600μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 23.4% of that of the control, and was 27.1% and 35.4% ofthat of the bark treated with 200 and 400 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. Comparedwith the control, the general tendency of Mn, Zn and Cu content decreased with increasing of Ca^(2+)concentrations and their contents were in the order: root>leaf>bark. Based on the results of thisstudy, the experiment has been useful for providing academic bases in improving the bark quality ofPteroceltis tatarinowii on non-limestone soil.

Effects of Doubled_CO_2 Concentration on Ultrastructure, Supramolecular Architecture and Spectral Characteristics of Chloroplasts from Wheat

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architecture, absorption spectrum and low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectrum of the chloroplasts from wheat leaves. The results were briefly summarized as follows: (1) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes; The grana intertwined with stroma thylakoid membranes and increased slightly in stacking degree and the width of granum, in spite of more accumulated starch grains within the chloroplasts than those in control; (2) The particle density in the stacked region of the endoplasmic fracture face (EFs) and protoplasmic fracture face (PFs) and in the unstacked region the endoplasmic fracture face (EFu) and the protoplasmic fracture face (PFu) was significantly higher than that of control. Furthermore, in some cases many more particles on EFs faces of thylakoid membranes appeared as a paracrystalline particle array; (3) The variations in the structure of chloroplasts were consistent with the absorption spectra and the low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra of the chloroplasts developed under the doubled_CO 2 concentration. Results indicate that the capability of light energy absorption of chloroplasts and regulative capability of excitation energy distribution between PSⅡ and PSⅠ were raised by doubled_CO 2 concentration. This is very favorable for final productivity of wheat.

RELATIONSHIPS OF STARCH CONCENTRATION WITH SPECIFIC LEAF WEIGHT AND MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN POTATO LEAVES UNDER VARIED CO_2 AND TEMPERATURE

Foliar concentrations of starch and major nutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg along with specific leaf weight (SLW) were determined in the potato (Solanun tuberosum L.) cvs "Denali", "Norland "'and "Russet Burbank" grown for 35 days under the CO2 concentrations of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mol mol-1 at both 16 and 20℃ air temperature. The starch concentration, pooled from the three cultivars, increased with increasing CO2 concentration at both 16 and 20℃,, and was consistently higher at 16℃ than at 20℃. The SLW (g m-2) was positively related to the foliar starch concentration on the basis of leaf area or dry weight. The concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in leaves were negatively related to starch concentration under 14% starch on a dry weight basis. Above 14%, there was no significant relationship between nutrient and starch concentrations . The similar patterns were seen when the SLW and nutrient concentrations were expressed on a starch-free basis. In contrast, the leaf concentration of K was not closely related to the starch concentration. The results indicated that the changes in SLW and concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in potato leaves only partially resulted from the changed starch concentration.

Prediction of SO_2 Concentration in Urban Atmosphere Based on B-P Neural Network

Base on the principle and method of B-P neural network,the prediction model of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was established by using the statistical data of a city in southwest China from 1991 to 2009,so as to forecast atmospheric SO2 concentration in a city of southwest China.The results showed that B-P neural network applied in the prediction of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was reasonable and efficient with high accuracy and wide adaptability,so it was worthy to be popularized.

基于改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型的SO_(2)排放质量浓度预测

针对火电机组SO_(2)排放质量浓度的影响因素众多,难以准确预测的问题,提出一种改进向量加权平均(weighted mean of vectors,INFO)算法与双向长短期记忆(bi-directional long short term memory,Bi-LSTM)神经网络相结合的预测模型(改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型)。采用Circle混沌映射和反向学习产生高质量初始化种群,引入自适应t分布提升INFO算法跳出局部最优解和全局搜索的能力。选取改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型和多种预测模型对炉内外联合脱硫过程中4种典型工况下的SO_(2)排放质量浓度进行预测,将预测结果进行验证对比。结果表明:改进INFO算法的寻优能力得到提升,并且改进INFO-Bi-LSTM模型精度更高,更加适用于SO_(2)排放质量浓度的预测,可为变工况下的脱硫控制提供控制理论支撑。

换热器T2紫铜管在水线部位的腐蚀机理研究

目的基于对换热器中T2紫铜管因受残留水作用而出现泄漏降压现象的研究,分析换热器T2紫铜管在水线部位的腐蚀机理。方法通过T2紫铜管的润湿试验,对腐蚀样品进行宏观和微观形貌观察,对点蚀坑部位的腐蚀产物进行EDS和XPS等表征手段分析,探究腐蚀产物的成分和结构,从而推导出反应机理。结果铜管水线上部位和下部位都以均匀腐蚀为主,但是颜色有所差异。水线部位以点蚀为主,肉眼即可见排成直线的斑点状腐蚀坑,腐蚀产物的颜色主要为黑色和绿色。根据表征分析结果可知,腐蚀体系中含有HCO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)。腐蚀产物的组成有,内层Cu_(2)O,外层CuO,水线部位和水线以下部位铜管表面还有一层CuCO_(3)Cu(OH)_(2)膜。结论根据腐蚀产物的元素分析可知,在HCO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)共同存在的环境中,铜具有很高的点蚀敏感性,T2紫铜管很容易发生局部腐蚀,加之氧浓差电池的作用,水线部位铜管发生严重的点蚀以致穿孔失效。