Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behaviors of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of as-cast,T4-treated,and T6-treated Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloys were systematically investigated by SEM,TEM,immersion test,and electrochemical corrosion test.The results show that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy is composed ofα-Mg and Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)eutectic phase,and in T4-treated alloy,Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)phase dissolves into theα-Mg matrix,leading to an increase in the(Y,Gd)H_(2)phase.After T6 treatment,nanoscale Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)phase dispersedly precipitates from theα-Mg matrix,and exhibits a specific orientation relationship with theα-Mg:(332)Mg_((24)(Gd,Y)_(5))//(1011)_(α-Mg),[136]Mg_((24)(Gd,Y)_(5))//[1210]_(α-Mg).The corrosion resistance of the Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloys can be ranked in the following order:T6-treated alloy exhibits the highest corrosion resistance,followed by the T4-treated alloy,and finally,the as-cast alloy.The corrosion products of the alloys are all composed of MgO,Mg(OH)_(2),Gd_(2)O_(3),Y_(2)O_(3),and MgCl_(2).The corrosion behavior of Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy is closely related to the precipitated phase.By establishing the relationship between corrosion rate,hydrogen evolution rate,and corrosion potential,it is further demonstrated that during the micro galvanic corrosion process,the coarse Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)phase in the as-cast alloy undergoes extensive dissolution,and(Y,Gd)H_(2)phase promotes the dissolution of theα-Mg matrix in the T4-treated alloy,intensifying the hydrogen evolution reaction.The T6-treated alloy,with dispersive precipitation of nanoscale Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5)phase,exhibits better corrosion resistance performance.

Sc、Zr复合添加量对Al-6Mg-0.6Mn合金铸态组织的影响

采用冶金法制备了四种不同Sc、Zr添加量的Al-6Mg-0.6Mn合金铸锭,利用金相显微镜、SEM及EBSD等手段研究了Sc、Zr添加量对合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明:在Al-6Mg-0.6Mn合金中添加w(Sc)=0.15%和w(Zr)=0.10%的Sc、Zr即可消除铸态枝晶网,获得明显细化的铸态组织;熔铸中粗大的Al3(ScZr)粒子不能起到细化晶粒的作用,反而恶化合金组织,进而对力学性能产生不利影响,应该严格加以控制。

Effect of ageing time on corrosion behavior of Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr extruded-alloy

The corrosion behaviors of Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr extruded-alloys with various ageing time were investigated by immersion test and electrochemical measurements.The results show that the corrosion rate of the experimental alloy decreases with the increase of ageing time from 0 to 108 h.The corrosion resistance of the experimental alloy was found to increase with the increase of the size of the precipitate phases.The open circuit potential of the experimental alloy increases with the increase of the ageing time.The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the cathodic over-potential increases with the increase of ageing time,leading to a decrease in the current density of anodic current plateau with the increase of ageing time.

Effects of stress loading mode on microstructures and properties of Mg-9Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy treated by creep aging

Creep aging forming(CAF) is a potential process used to manufacture large integral components of magnesium(Mg) alloys. The selected stress plays a crucial role in creep aging processes but the mechanism by which stress loading method affects creep aging of Mg alloys is still unclear. In this paper, the microstructural evolution of precipitated phases and precipitation-free zones(PFZ) at grain boundaries with different stress loading modes(unstressed, unidirectional tensile stress, and cyclic stress) at 250 ℃ were investigated along with changes in mechanical properties. The results showed that the addition of stress during aging effectively promoted the precipitation of precipitated phases, while unaffecting grain size. Unidirectional tensile stress caused directional growth of β phase([1010]), as well as rotation of weave towards the basal plane texture, resulting in namely stress orientation effect. Solute atoms diffused in the direction of tensile stress while vacancies moved perpendicular to the direction of tensile stress, resulting in PFZ at grain boundaries(157.06 nm). By contrast, cyclic stresses led to the growth of β phase in three directions([1010], [1100] and [0110]). The solute atoms and vacancies were uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix instead of directional diffusion, effectively reducing the width of PFZ(112.39 nm) at the grain boundary. These features significantly improved the mechanical properties of alloy specimens after cyclic stress creep aging when compared to unidirectional stress creep aging, with yield strength(YS), ultimate tensile strength(UTS), and elongation(EL) enhanced from 171.6 MPa, 305.5 MPa, and 4.4%to 174.8 MPa, 326.3 MPa, and 6.9%, respectively.

Hot tearing behaviors and in-situ thermal analysis of Mg-7Zn-xCu-0.6Zr alloys

Thermal analysis was used to investigate the microstructural evolution of Mg-7 Zn-x Cu-0.6 Zr alloys during solidification. The effect of Cu content（0, 1, 2 and 3, mass fraction, %） on the hot tearing behavior of the Mg-7 Zn-x Cu-0.6 Zr alloys was investigated with a constrained rod casting（CRC） apparatus, equipped with a load sensor and a data acquisition system. The thermal analysis results of Mg-7 Zn-x Cu-0.6 Zr alloy revealed that the alloy consisted of two distinct phases： α-Mg and Mg Zn2. Three distinct peaks were observed in the alloys with Cu addition, which were identified as α-Mg, Mg Zn Cu and Mg Zn2. In addition, the reaction temperature of α-Mg decreased and the reaction temperatures of Mg Zn2 and Mg Zn Cu increased as the Cu content increased. The experimental results of hot tearing demonstrated that the addition of Cu significantly reduced the hot tearing susceptibility（HTS） of Mg-7 Zn-x Cu-0.6 Zr alloys due to the higher eutectic temperature and the shorter solidification temperature region.

Effect of different casting methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy

The effects of two different casting methods on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and T6-cast states of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy were studied by using metal mold casting and squeeze casting.The results show that the microstructure of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr alloy is mainly composed ofα-Mg primary phase and Mg 24(Gd,Y)5 eutectic phase.The squeeze cast grains are small with a dendrite like morphology,and the tensile strength of the alloy in T6 state can reach 285 MPa.While the metal grains are coarse,the eutectic phases are distributed in the grain boundary,and the tensile strength of the alloy in T6 state is only 250 MPa.

高强耐热Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr合金的性能

对Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr合金的组织、力学性能、焊接性能和腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:该合金是一种高强、耐热、易焊接和耐腐蚀的新型镁稀土合金,在不同温度下其力学性能都明显优于HM31,HK31和WE54的力学性能,在-196,25,250,300和350℃时的抗拉强度分别达到521,370,348,262和150 MPa,其耐热温度可达到350℃,焊接强度系数为0.74;在3.5%NaCl溶液中该合金挤压T5态的室温腐蚀电流仅为AZ91-T5态的1/10和ZK60-T5态的1/23。

挤压温度对Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr合金组织与力学性能的影响

为提高Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr合金的强度,研究了不同温度下的挤压组织对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着挤压温度从500℃降低到400℃,其晶粒度也从126μm细化到7.4μm,抗拉强度和延伸率分别从200.1MPa和2.93%提高到312.4 MPa和5.6%。通过力学性能和晶粒尺寸之间的关系计算出该合金的Hall-Petch常数Ky为327.6 MPa.μm1/2,明显高于纯镁及常规镁合金的Ky。大量稀土元素的固溶及其第二相粒子对晶界和位错运动的阻碍作用是合金Ky值较高的主要原因。

二次挤压对Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等研究二次挤压对Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.6Zr合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。研究表明:该合金经二次挤压后,晶粒尺寸细化至6μm,提高细晶强化效果;粗大Mg5Gd1-xYx相增多,降低固溶强化效果;{0002}基面织构的减弱降低织构强化效果;在三者的综合作用下,合金经二次挤压后,强度有所降低,但伸长率却大幅度提高,达到20.5%,较一次挤压态合金的伸长率提高107.1%;一次挤压态合金的断裂方式是以解理断裂为主的混合断裂,二次挤压态合金的断裂方式为韧性断裂。

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金本构方程模型及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为623～773 K,应变速率为0.001～1 s-1条件下对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr(wt%)合金进行热压缩实验,研究了该合金热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了该合金热变形时的本构方程和加工图。结果表明,该合金高温变形时的峰值应力随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高而显著减小;变形激活能为289.36 kJ/mol;合金高温变形时存在两个失稳区,分别是变形温度为770～773 K,应变速率为0.1 s-1左右的区域,和变形温度小于750 K,应变速率小于0.03s-1的区域;合金的最佳热加工温度为750～773 K,应变速率为0.001～0.01 s-1。

微量Ca对Mg-0.6Zr合金力学性能及阻尼行为的影响

研究了微量Ca对Mg-0.6Zr合金力学性能和阻尼行为的影响。结果表明,微量Ca加入后的固溶强化和细晶强化作用提高了Mg-0.6Zr合金的强度和延伸率,同时由于Ca元素的加入及晶界数量增多对位错运动的进一步阻碍也降低了合金的应变振幅效应,从而降低了其阻尼性能,当ε=4×10-3时Mg-Zr合金的阻尼Q-1=0.13,而Mg-Zr-Ca合金为Q-1=0.11。研究表明合金的阻尼行为可按G-L位错阻尼理论解释。

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy

The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy （mass fraction,%） under T6 condition （air cooling after solid solution and then aging heat treatment） were investigated. The optimum T6 heat treatments for sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy are （525 ℃, 12 h＋225 ℃, 14 h） and （525 ℃, 12 h＋250 ℃, 12 h） according to age hardening curve and mechanical properties, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy treated by the two optimum T6 processes are 339.9 MPa, 251.6 MPa, 1.5%and 359.6 MPa, 247.3 MPa, 2.7%, respectively. The tensile fracture mode of peak-aged Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy is transgranular quasi-cleavage fracture.

退火时间对Mg-0.6Zr热轧板材阻尼性能的影响

研究了不同退火时间对Mg-0.6Zr热轧板材阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:350℃×3h的退火工艺使合金发生了完全再结晶,同时退火后的强度和硬度有所下降,而延伸率有所提高。合金在热轧态下的阻尼性能很低,且几乎与应变振幅无关;退火处理后,合金的阻尼性能得到明显提高,且随退火时间的延长而增大,完全再结晶后,阻尼性能几乎不再随退火时间的延长而变化,此时阻尼性能与应变振幅有关,即随应变振幅的提高而不断提高,尤其是在高应变振幅下。Mg-0.6Zr系合金上述阻尼性能的变化可以用Granato-Lücke位错钉扎模型来解释。

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr magnesium alloy

Influence of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr magnesium alloy was investigated,and the tensile fracture mechanisms of the studied alloys under different conditions were also discussed.The results show that the optimum T4 and T6 heat treatment conditions for the as-cast Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloy are 525°C,8 h and（525°C,8 h）＋（225°C,16 h）,respectively,with regard to the microstructure observation,DSC heating curve and mechanical properties.The hardness,yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloy treated by optimum T6 heat treatment are HV91,180 MPa,297 MPa and 7.4%,respectively.Moreover,the Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.4Zr alloys under different heat treatment conditions exhibit different tensile fracture modes.

时效对Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.6Zr镁合金强度和耐蚀性的影响

为获得高强耐蚀的Mg-9Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.6Zr合金,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和电化学方法等分析了时效工艺对该合金强度和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明峰值时效合金强度很高但耐蚀性差,晶界析出相粗大且分布连续,在腐蚀溶液中镁合金由于析氢,晶界处很容易形成腐蚀通道。同时纳米尺寸的析出相和镁基体微电偶腐蚀很严重。过时效状态合金强度变化不大但耐蚀性显著增强,过时效样品晶内析出相粗大,晶界析出相分布不连续,腐蚀产物在其表面堆积导致腐蚀通道被堵塞,从而使合金耐蚀性显著提高。

Pr对Mg-0.6Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

用金属型铸造的方法制备得到由α-Mg及Mg12Pr组成的复相镁合金,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等对合金显微组织和相组成进行了研究,通过拉伸试验测试了所制备合金的室温力学性能。研究发现,少量Pr可以细化Mg-0.6Zr合金晶粒,并生成强度较高的金属间化合物,Mg-0.6Zr-0.6Pr合金同时具有最高的抗拉强度和伸长率,分别比Mg-0.6Zr合金提高了9.8%和118%,其屈服强度则提高了42%。

热处理及热挤压对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr组织及常温力学性能的影响

通过力学和显微硬度测试、能谱和X射线衍射分析以及光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察,对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金经均匀化、挤压变形及时效处理后的显微组织和常温力学性能进行研究。结果表明,铸态合金经520℃/16 h均匀化处理后网状共晶消除,并有黑色方块相生成,强度和塑性显著提高;挤压变形后的合金,抗拉强度σb达304.5 MPa,比挤压前提高25%,屈服强度σ0.2成倍增加,达268.7 MPa;在200℃时效20 h后峰值硬度达到137 HV;再经挤压和峰值时效后最终σb为370 MPa,比挤压态合金试样提高22%,屈服强度σ0.2为295.6 MPa,提高10%,但伸长率δ略有下降;该合金在室温下的断裂方式是脆性和韧性断裂兼有的混合断裂。

微量Y对Mg-0.6Zr合金阻尼性能和力学性能的影响

采用动态机械分析仪(DMA)及电子式万能试验机研究了微量Y对Mg-0.6Zr合金阻尼行为和力学性能的影响,分析了合金的阻尼特性随应变振幅及温度变化的机制。结果表明,添加微量Y(0.5wt%)后,其细晶强化和固溶强化作用提高了Mg-0.6Zr合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率。同时由于Y的加入,合金晶界数量增多,对位错运动的进一步阻碍作用使合金的应变振幅效应降低,从而降低了其阻尼性能。研究还发现,Mg-0.6Zr合金及Mg-0.6%Zr-0.5%Y分别在65和75℃处出现一个明显的阻尼峰,且当温度分别达到200和250℃时,合金的阻尼性能随温度升高而急剧增加。

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金在520℃下的固溶处理行为

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、显微硬度测试、热分析、能谱分析以及X射线衍射(XRD)等手段,研究Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金铸态和520℃固溶处理不同时间后的显微组织以及显微硬度分布。结果表明:Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-0.6Zr合金经520℃/16 h固溶处理后,铸态时的网状共晶完全溶解到基体中,Gd、Y富集的立方体相弥散分布在晶内;晶内偏析消除,硬度有所降低。合金在固溶处理过程中发生以下组织演变:α-Mg固溶体+网状Mg24(GdY)5相→α-Mg固溶体+断续破碎的Mg24(GdY)5相→α-Mg过饱和固溶体+立方体相。该合金在520℃固溶处理的适宜时间为16 h。

Comparative study on corrosion behavior of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy in 5% NaCl aqueous solution

The corrosion behaviours of Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr magnesium alloys prepared by as-casting and extrusion were investigated in 5% NaCl aqueous solution by immersion and electrochemical tests. The microstructure indicates the mean grain size of 15 μm for the extruded and 100 μm for the as-cast Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr magnesium alloys. The corrosion morphology of as-cast sample shows pitting corrosion and little filiform corrosion, but that of the extruded sample shows pitting corrosion at the initial stage. The corrosion rate of extruded sample is higher than that of as-cast Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy according to the immersion test. The second phases containing RE acting as cathodes improve the corrosion properties. The corrosion potentials of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys are -1.658 V and -1.591 V, respectively. The origins of the distinctive corrosion behavior of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr Mg alloys were discussed.