Effects of Ce on microstructure of semi-continuously cast Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr magnesium alloy ingots

Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr-xCe (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by conventional semi-continuous casting. The effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure of Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr-xCe alloys was studied and the distribution of Ce was analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that Ce element exists in the form of Mg12Ce phase and has an obvious refining effect on the microstructure of test alloys. As the Ce content increases, the grain size reduces, the grain boundaries turn thinner, and the distribution of Mg12Ce precipitates becomes more and more dispersed. The Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr alloy with 0.3%Ce has the best refinement effect. From center to periphery of the ingot, the amount of granular precipitates in the grain reduces. In longitudinal section of the ingot, some relative long columnar grains appear.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy subjected to extrusion and T5 treatment were investigated using optical microscopy（OM）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, electron back scattered diffraction（EBSD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, hardness tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that the as-cast alloy consisted of α（Mg）, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Mg2 Sn and Mg Sn Nd phases. Dynamic recrystallization has completed during the extrusion process and the average grain size was 7.2 μm. After T5 treatment, the strength increased obviously, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-extruded alloy were increased by 94 and 34 MPa, respectively. Microstructure characterization revealed that the improvement of strength was determined by the high number density of β′1 rods.

时效温度对Zn-1.5Cu-1.2Mg-0.2Zr合金组织与耐蚀性的影响

采用金属型铸造的方法制备了Zn-1.5Cu-1.2Mg-0.2Zr锌合金,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射、电化学工作站和浸泡实验等研究了不同温度时效处理对其微观组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:铸态锌合金的微观组织主要由η相(含Cu的Zn固溶体)、η+Mg_(2)Zn_(11)共晶体和少量的Zn-Zr化合物组成;随时效温度的升高,合金η相晶粒内析出的片状第二相数量先增加后减少,腐蚀速率呈先降低后增加的趋势;220℃时效处理的锌合金腐蚀速率最小,自腐蚀电流密度和模拟体液浸泡腐蚀速率分别为5.23μA·cm^(-2)和0.053 mm·year^(-1),这可能是由于220℃时效处理后合金η相晶粒内析出的片状第二相的数量最多且分布均匀。

中低温挤压Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织与性能研究

晶粒细化可以有效改善镁合金的力学性能。基于此,以Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金作为研究对象,通过中低温挤压变形工艺对Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织进行调控,进而对其变形后的组织及性能进行分析。结果表明:随着挤压温度降低,Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金的塑性变形机制发生转变,变形后的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,综合力学性能增强。280℃挤压变形时,合金以基面滑移及孪生协调变形为主,动态再结晶后的平均晶粒尺寸约为5.3μm,此时合金的屈服强度为95 MPa,抗拉强度为186 MPa,延伸率为22%。

Microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy

The microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy was investigated by TEM and HRTEM. The results show that the hardening produced in the Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy is considerably higher than that in the Mg-8Zn-4A1 alloy. A dense dispersion of disc-like Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates are formed in Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 16 h. In addition, the lattice distortions, honeycomb-looking Moir＆#233; fringes, edge dislocations and dislocation loop also exist in the microstructure. The precipitates of alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 48 h are coarse disc-like and fine dispersed grainy. When the alloy is subjected to aging at 160 ℃ for 227 h, the microstructure consists of numerous MgZn2 precipitates and Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates. All the analyses show that Ca is a particularly effective trace addition in improving the age-hardening and postponing the formation of MgZn2 precipitates in Mg-8Zn-4Al alloy aged at 160 ℃.

Effects of cooling rate on bio-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca casting alloy

Mg?1Zn?0.5Ca alloys were prepared by traditional steel mould casting and water-cooled copper mould injection casting at higher cooling rate. Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion resistance of two alloys were contrastively investigated. Grain size reduces remarkably and microstructure becomes homogenous when raising cooling rate. The bio-corrosion behaviour in 3.5% sodium chloride solution (3.5% NaCl) and Hank’s solution at 37°C was investigated using electrochemical polarization measurement and the results indicate that the alloy prepared at higher cooling rates has better corrosion resistance in both types of solution. Further mass loss immersion test in Hank’s solution reveals the same result. The reason of corrosion resistance improvement is that raising cooling rate brings about homogeneous microstructure, which leads to micro-galvanic corrosion alleviation. The tensile test results show that yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by raising cooling rate and the improvement is mainly due to grain refinement.

Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy

The effect of ultrasonic power and treatment time on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy was studied in this paper. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring densities of ingots. The results show that proper ultrasonic treatment can remove hydrogen from the melt of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy. The ultrasonic degassing effect is closely related to the ultrasonic power density and treatment time. The degassing efficiency increases with an increase in ultrasonic power density when the melt is treated at 690 °C for 120 s, reaching its highest value at 1.2 W·cm-3. When the power density is 1.2 W·cm-3, with an increase in ultrasonic treatment time, the degassing efficiency increases at first, reaches its peak value at 120 s, then decreases as the ultrasonic treatment is further prolonged. In this experiment, the optimum degassing effect with an efficiency of 67.5 % is obtained by ultrasonic treatment with the power density of 1.2 W·cm-3 for 120 s. The maximum density of ingot can be increased from 1.8069 g·cm-3 to 1.8146 g·cm-3(increased by 0.43%).

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.

Microstructures and properties in surface layers of Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy laser-clad with Al-Si powders

Laser surface cladding with Al-Si powders was applied to a Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy to improve its surface properties.The microstructure,phase components and chemical compositions of the laser-clad layer were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the clad layer mainly consists ofα-Mg,Mg2Si dendrites,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2phases.Owing to the formation of Mg2Si,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compounds in the melted region and grain refinement,the microhardness of the clad layer(HV0.025310)is about5times higher than that of the substrate(HV0.02554).Besides,corrosion tests in the NaCl(3.5%,mass fraction)water solution show that the corrosion potential is increased from-1574.6mV for the untreated sample to-128.7mV for the laser-clad sample,while the corrosion current density is reduced from170.1to6.7μA/cm2.These results reveal that improved corrosion resistance and increased hardness of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy can be both achieved after laser cladding with Al-Si powders.

体育器材用Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金铸态组织与性能研究

在Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金中添加Al2Ca,并进行了显微组织、物相组成、高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能分析。结果表明:添加了Al2Ca的Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金由α-Mg相、Mg17Al12相和Al2Ca组成;与未添加Al2Ca相比,添加Al2Ca可使该合金的高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能均得到提高,其中150℃抗拉强度增加53%、450℃抗拉强度增加246%、盐雾腐蚀120h后的质量损失率从5.52%下降至1.11%。

等通道转角挤压对Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金显微组织与腐蚀性能的影响

探讨了等通道转角挤压对生物医用合金材料Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响。通过对挤压态Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金进行共8道次的等通道转角挤压变形,获得了不同状态的合金,并对3种不同状态的试样进行了显微组织观察。8道次变形后合金的晶粒尺寸最小为10.52μm,且组织更均匀。采用浸泡实验测得了合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀速率,其中8道次变形的合金的腐蚀速率最低,为1.897 mm·y^(-1),并通过电化学实验进一步分析了等通道扭转挤压变形后合金腐蚀行为的变化。结果表明:等通道转角挤压变形后挤压态Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca镁合金的晶粒逐渐细化且组织更加均匀,随着挤压道次的增加,合金在模拟体液中的局部阻抗逐渐提高,耐蚀性得到了改善。

Microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg-0.5Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Ce alloy with different processing conditions

The microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy with different processing conditions were investigated.The composition was detected by X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and the microstructure was analyzed by optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The corrosion behavior was investigated by hydrogen evolution tests,weight loss tests and electrochemical measurements.The Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy has much better corrosion resistance compared with the commercial AZ31 sheet,which can be attributed to its dispersive second phases and protective corrosion products film on the alloy surface.Moreover,the as-rolled Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy shows much better corrosion resistance compared with the as-extruded Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy.This can be due to three aspects:The as-rolled alloy has smaller grain size;the as-rolled alloy has lower(1010)/(1120)texture intensity;the residual stress of the as-rolled alloy is eliminated during the annealing process,but large residual stress exists in the asextruded alloy produced by the extrusion process.

Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-1.5Cu-0.15Zr-0.2Sc合金淬火性能及TTT和TTP曲线（英文）

通过分级淬火处理得到Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-l.5Cu-0.15Zr-0.2Sc铝合金的时间-温度-转变(TTT)曲线和时间-温度-性能(TTP)曲线,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)对合金进行了相变分析。结果表明:在一定的温度下延长保温时间会导致试样的电导率增加,硬度降低。显微组织观察表明,随着保温时间的增加,许多大型杆状平衡相η(MgZn2)会在基体中析出并快速生长,导致淬火过程中溶质损失,削弱了随后的时效强化效果。η粒子沉淀析出的主要原因是溶质原子的快速扩散和强大的相变驱动力。淬火敏感温度范围为270～390℃。因此,在淬火敏感温度范围内,需适当提高冷却速度以获得较高的力学性能。其他温度范围内应考虑适当降低冷却速度以控制残余应力。

Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Mg-2Zn-1Al-0.2RE alloy

In this study,uniaxial hot compression tests were carried out between 200 and 400℃ over strain rates of0.001-1 s-1 to investigate the hot deformation behavior of Mg-2 Zn-1 Al-0.2 RE alloy with coarse grains.The average activation energy was measured to be 174.51 kJ/mol.In addition,a constitutive relation based on the Arrhenius equation was established.Dynamic recrystallization(DRX) kinetics were studied by Avrami equation to characterize the evolution of DRX volume fraction.DRX was favored at high temperatures of 300-400℃ and low strain rates of 0.001-0.01 s-1.According to dynamic material model and Prasad’s instability criterion,a maximum power dissipation of 38% and 32% occurs at 400℃/0.001 s-1 and 400℃/0.01 s-1,respectively.According to the proce ssing map,330-400℃/0.001-0.01 s-1was determined as the optimum deformation parameter range.

Cu和Ce对Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金组织和力学性能的影响

本文通过光学显微镜、拉伸试验机对比研究了Ce、Cu元素对Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Cu、Ce元素对铸态Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金晶粒细化效果并不明显,但经350℃热变形后,能显著细化挤压态Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金的晶粒组织,其中Ce细化晶粒的效果更加明显,而且Ce能够抑制合金的动态再结晶。此外,Cu、Ce元素的添加均能提高Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金沿ED和TD方向的屈服强度和抗拉强度,其中Ce元素提高幅度更大,Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn-0.2Ce合金ED、TD方向屈服强度分别为185 MPa和162 MPa。与此同时,这两种元素还可以改善Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Mn合金板材强度的各向异性,其中Cu元素的改善效果更明显。

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the As-Extruded Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca Alloy

In order to study the corrosion resistance of extruded magnesium alloys,the Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca alloy was extruded at the speed of 0.01-0.1 mm/s with the temperature of 280-360℃in present study.Hot extrusion results show that the volume fraction of precipitates(Vpre),VDRX(the dynamic recrystallization rate) and the average size of DRXed grain(dDRX) decrease with the decrease in extrusion speed,and the corrosion rate of the alloy also shows a downward trend.On the contrary,the values of Vpre,VDRX and dDRX increase with the increase in extrusion temperature,and the corrosion resistance of Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca alloy decreases.When the extrusion speed is 0.01 mm/s and the extrusion temperature is 280℃,the alloy has the best corrosion resistance.The corrosion of extruded Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca alloy occurs preferentially on the magnesium matrix around W and I phases in the DRXed zone.With the further corrosion,the corrosion continues to spread along the phase,and the corrosion area gradually increases.Galvanic corrosion plays a leading role in the corrosion process.Moreover,there are a large number of basal plane textures in the unDRXed region,which is conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.In addition,the decrease in grain size also makes the corrosion of magnesium alloy more uniform.

等通道转角挤压对生物Mg-Zn-Ca合金显微组织与腐蚀行为的影响

旨在探讨等通道转角挤压(equal-channel-angular-pressed,ECAP)对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金的显微组织以及腐蚀行为的影响。对铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca合金进行了1,2,4道次的剪切挤压变形。采用光学显微组织观察、X射线反射法、电化学等手段研究了挤压道次对镁合金显微组织、织构以及腐蚀行为的影响,也特别关注了ECAP对试样的不同截面方向的显微组织演变以及模拟体液(simulatedbodyfluid,SBF)电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:ECAP变形后铸态Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca镁合金晶粒逐渐细化,变形后镁合金呈现出与挤压方向呈一定角度的<002>面剪切织构;随着挤压道次增加,合金的耐蚀性先增加后降低。等通道转角挤压对合金耐蚀性的影响是晶粒尺寸、晶体缺陷和织构变化的综合效果;ECAP变形后合金不同截面方向呈现不同的耐蚀性,垂直于挤压方向截面的耐蚀性优于另2个方向截面的耐蚀性。

Microstructural control and hardening response of Mg–6Zn–0.5Er–0.5Ca alloy

The effects of heat treatment on microstructures and hardening response of Mg-6Zn4）.5Er4）.5Ca （wt%） alloy were investigated by optical microscope （OM）, scanning elec- tron microscope （SEM）, and transmission electron microscope （TEM） in this paper. The results show that the Mg（Zn4）.5Er- 0.5Ca alloy contains Mg3Zn6Erx quasicrystalline phase （I- phase） and Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase under as-cast condition. Most of the Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases and I-phases dissolve into matrix during heat treatment at 475 ℃ for 5 h. After the as-solution alloy was aged at 175 ℃ for 36 h, a large amount of MgZn2 precipitate with several nanometers precipitate. It is suggested that the trace addition of Ca results in refining the size of the precipitate, and the presence of the nanoscale MgZn2 phase is the main factor to improve the peak-aged hardness greatly to 87 HV, which in- creases about 40 % compared with that of as-cast alloy.