Effects of Sm addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-10Y alloy

To further increase the mechanical properties, 0.5wt.% Sm was introduced to a Mg-10Y alloy in this study. The effects of Sm addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-10Y alloy, especially the aged Mg-10Y alloy, were investigated. The microstructure observation and tensile tests were performed by using an optical microscopy, a scanning electron microscopy and a universal material testing machine, respectively. The phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the 0.5wt.% Sm addition can not only promote the formation of fine and dispersed Mg24Y5 phases, but also improve their morphology and distribution; it also increases the thermal stability of Mg24Y5 phases. Sm addition is seen to increase the ultimate tensile strength of Mg-10Y alloy at elevated temperatures(200, 250, 300 and 350 ℃), while decrease the elongation. But the elongation is still up to 7.5% even at 350 ℃. In the range of 250 ℃ to 300℃, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy reaches its maximum(with a range average of 235 MPa) and is not sensitive to the temperature change, which is very useful to the application of heat-resistant magnesium alloys. Even at 350 ℃, the ultimate tensile strength of Mg-10Y-0.5Sm is still up to 155 MPa. Considering both of the ultimate tensile strength and elongation, the maximum application temperature of the Mg-10Y-0.5Sm alloy can be up to 300 ℃. The strengthening mechanisms of Mg-10Y-0.5Sm alloy are mainly attributed to dispersion strengthening of Mg24Y5 phase particles with a certain solubility of Sm and grain refinement strengthening of α-Mg matrix.

Microstructure and Properties of Mg-10% Al-(0～3% )Di Alloys

The effects of didymium(Nd : Pr = 3 : 1 )on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10%A1 alloy were studied with the additions of 0~3%Di. The small block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) phase appears in 1%Di alloy, the blocklike Al2(Nd,Pr) and needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phases appear synchronously in 2%Di and 3%Di alloys, while the network of (Mg17Al12)βphase is broken up. The tensile properties can be improved with the addition of didymium. When the addition of didymium in Mg-10%A1 alloy reaches 2% , the alloy exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, but the strength and ductility drop at the addition of 3% Di due to the obvious increase of the size and quantity of the needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phase.

Sm对Mg-10Y合金组织的细化作用

Mg24Y5相的细化是进一步提高Mg-10Y合金力学性能的关键。研究了稀土元素Sm对Mg-10Y合金中的Mg24Y5相及其基体组织的细化作用,结果表明:Sm的加入,改善了Mg24Y5相的形貌,促进了细小弥散分布的Mg24Y5颗粒相的形成;同时,Sm的加入,通过固溶作用,进一步细化了基体组织;显微组织的改善导致了合金高温下力学性能的提高。

Mg-10Y合金固溶时效工艺的优化

通过显微组织观察和硬度测试,研究Mg-10Y合金的固溶时效工艺,并确定其优化条件。结果表明,适当的固溶时效处理可改善Mg-10Y的组织,提高其硬度。Mg-10Y合金经540℃×6 h固溶处理后,Mg24Y5相基本上全部溶入基体;再经250℃×2 h时效处理,Mg24Y5相大量析出,合金硬度达到最大值。

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-cast Mg-5Sn-1Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements of Y,Bi,Sb and Sr

The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements Y,Bi,Sb and Sr were investigated and compared.Results show that the microstructure of the as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si alloy consists ofα-Mg,Mg_(2) Si,Mg_(2) Sn and Mg_(2)(Si_xSn_(1-x))phases.After adding 0.8 wt.%Y,0.3 wt.%Bi,0.9 wt.%Sb and 0.9 wt.%Sr,respectively into the Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy,Mg_(24)Y_(5),Mg_(3) Bi_(2),Mg_(3) Sb_(2) and Mg_(2) Sr phases are precipitated accordingly.Trace elements can refineα-Mg grain and Chinese scriptshaped Mg_(2) Si phase.Refinement efficiency of different trace elements onα-Mg grain and Mg_(2) Si phase is varied.Sr element has the best refinement effect,followed by Sb and Bi,while Y has the least refinement effect.Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sr alloy has higher tensile properties than the other three modified alloys.The refinement mechanism of Y,Bi and Sr elements on Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy can be explained by the growth restriction factors and the solute undercooling.For Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sb alloy,the heterogeneous nuclei of Mg_(3) Sb_(2) phase is the main reason for the refinement of grains and second phases.

Relationship between Heat Treatment and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-15Y Alloy

The corrosion behaviors of a basic type of RE-containing magnesium alloy Mg-15Y processed by different heat treatment methods were studied in 3.5% NaC1 solution at room temperature. The amount of Mg24Y5 phase decreased with the extending of homogenization treatment. The time for achieving dissolving equilibrium of homogenization treatment at 525, 535, and 545 ℃ was 24, 20, and 8 h, respectively. The corrosion behavior of Mg-15Y alloy was studied using immersion, hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests. The experimental results revealed that the heat treatment improved the corrosion resistance, and the corrosion resistance became better with increasing the heat treatment time. The corrosion mode of the alloy after heat treatment was microgalvanic corrosion consisting of the cathodic Mg24Y5 phase and anodic α-Mg matrix, and Mg-15Y exhibited favorable uniform corrosion mode in NaC1 solution. The volume and increasing tendency of the homogenization treatment samples were both more than those of the as-cast sample.

挤压态Mg-10Gd-3Y合金动态维氏硬度的研究

研究了挤压态Mg-10Gd-3Y合金的动态维氏硬度,分析了压痕周围的微观组织,并与静态维氏硬度值进行对比。结果表明:挤压态Mg-10Gd-3Y合金动态维氏硬度高于静态维氏硬度,表现出明显的应变率正效应,并且其动态维氏硬度随应变量的增加出现一个极大值,压痕周围出现孪晶组织,随应变量的增加孪晶数量减少。

Effects of Pressure on the Solidification Microstructure of Mg65Cu25Y10 Alloy

The Mg65Cu25Y10 melts were quenched at a temperature of 973 K under various pressures in the range of 2-5 GPa and ambient pressure. The microstructure of the solidified specimens has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and electron probe microanalysis. Experimental results show that the pressure has a great influence on the solidification microstructure of the Mg65Cu25Y10. At ambient pressure, the solidification products are Mg2(Cu,Y) and a very small amount of Y2O3 inclusion. As the pressure is above 2 GPa, a new Cu2(Y,Mg) phase appears, while Y2O3 is not observed at the pressure of 3, 4 and 5 GPa. When the pressure increases from 2 GPa to 5 GPa, the grain sizes of Mg2(Cu,Y) and Cu2(Y,Mg) decrease from 125, 96 nm to 80, 7 nm, respectively. The mechanisms for the effects of the pressure on the phase evolution and microstructure during solidification process of Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy have been discussed.

(Y,Gd)H_(2) phase formation in as-cast Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy

In this work,a new(Y,Gd)H_(2) precipitate was identified and systematically investigated in the as-cast Mg-6Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy by XRD,SEM with EDS,TEM with EDS techniques and thermodynamics analysis.Results show that the as-cast alloy contains α-Mg,Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5),and(Y,Gd)H_(2) phase.The(Y,Gd)H_(2) phase usually forms near the eutectic phase Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5) or in the α-Mg grains,displaying a rectangle-shape.The Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5) and(Y,Gd)H_(2) phases crystalize in bcc and fcc structure,respectively,and the(Y,Gd)H_(2) phase has a semi-coherent relationship with α-Mg matrix.The thermodynamics calculation results reveal that the hydrogen dissolved in the melt leads to the formation of hydrides.It is also found that the(Y,Gd)H_(2) hydride can form directly from the liquid phase during solidification.Additionally,it can precipitate by the decomposition of Mg_(24)(Gd,Y)_(5) phase due to absorbing hydrogen from the remaining melt.

熔剂净化对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金流动性的影响

研究了RJ-6、RJ-6+5%GdCl3、RJ-6+5%YCl3以及JDMJ+X%GdCl3、JDMJ+X%YCl3熔剂精炼对Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金流动性的影响,并采用了定量分析方法对精炼后的流动性试样进行夹杂物分析。试验结果表明:JDMJ+5%YCl3精炼剂和RJ-6+5%GdCl3精炼剂能显著提高合金的流动性,相对无熔剂精炼,流动性试样长度分别由780mm增加至1270mm和1113mm。夹杂物分析结果表明:JDMJ+5%YCl3精炼剂和RJ-6+5%GdCl3精炼剂能有效去除合金中的夹杂物,降低熔体的粘度,显著提高合金流动性。

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的热裂性能

分别采用约束热裂棒法、热裂环法以及热裂综合测试系统来评定Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金的热裂倾向性,并与常用AZ91D镁合金的热裂性能进行了比较。研究发现,Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金和AZ91D合金的热裂倾向性为:约束热裂棒法评定的热裂倾向系数分别为8和32,热裂综合测试系统测定其抗热裂力分别约为340N和40N,热裂环法测定Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金和AZ91D合金的临界断裂直径分别为53mm和48mm。试验结果表明,Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金的热裂倾向性低于AZ91D合金的热裂倾向性。

冷却速度对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织和固溶行为的影响

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、差热(DTA)分析等手段,研究了砂型差压铸造和金属型Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金的组织和固溶行为差异。结果表明,与金属型相比,砂铸Mg-10Gd-3Y-Zr合金的晶粒明显粗大,而第二相含量则相对较少;冷却速度不仅影响了合金的铸态组织,同时也影响了合金随后的固溶行为。金属型条件下,500℃×8h的热处理已使第二相达到完全固溶,而砂型铸造合金则需525℃×8h的高温固溶才能使第二相溶解完全。

夹杂物对GW103K镁合金服役性能的影响(英文)

研究未净化、MgO陶瓷过滤及JDMJ熔剂净化等净化条件下,夹杂物对GW103K( Mg-10Gd-3Y)合金微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:采用JDMJ熔剂净化后的GW103K合金,夹杂物的数量和尺寸明显减少,其抗拉强度和伸长率增加,而屈服强度则低于使用MgO陶瓷过滤净化和未经净化的合金。此外,随着夹杂物含量的减少,合金的腐蚀速率从2.419 mg/(cm2·d) 快速下降到1.265 mg/(cm2·d),当夹杂物含量(体积分数)达到0.385%后,合金的腐蚀速率几乎不再发生变化。建立不同净化条件下夹杂物的体积分数和GW103K合金服役性能的内在联系。

固溶处理对Mg-10Sr-5Y中间合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对挤压态Mg-10Sr-5Y中间合金组织及其力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,固溶处理可以改善Mg-10Sr-5Y合金的组织形貌,改变其力学性能。随着固溶处理温度升高,沿晶界分布的金属间化合物Mg17Sr2和Mg24Y5逐渐溶入基体α-Mg,组织分布更均匀,固溶处理后在晶界上还分布着少量未溶的Mg17Sr2和Mg24Y5共晶化合物。当温度低于480℃,合金的硬度变化不明显,温度超过480℃,合金的硬度急剧下降而后增大,500℃时硬度最小。保温时间对合金硬度影响较小。

Mg-10Y中间合金在AZ31镁合金中的结构遗传效果研究(英文)

不同制备方法而具有相同组织的Mg-10Y中间合金具有明显不同的变质效果和遗传效应。结果表明:常规铸态、挤压态、热处理态和快速凝固态Mg-10Y中间合金组织和晶粒尺寸存在差异。Mg-10Y中间合金作为变质剂加入到AZ31中具有明显的细化效果。最终镁合金组织均由α-Mg,Mg17Al12,Al2Y和Al3Y相组成。添加挤压态Mg-10Y中间合金的AZ31镁合金机械性能达到最优,抗拉强度和延伸率分别为199.3 MPa和9.2%。Mg-10Y中间合金与所对应的镁合金存在相似的组织形态,这种结构和机械性能的相关性与Mg-10Y中间合金的结构遗传有关。

Microstructure and compression deformation behavior in the quasicrystalreinforced Mg-8Zn-1Y alloy solidified under super-high pressure

The microstructure of Mg-8Zn-1Y alloy solidified under super-high pressure was analyzed through X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. And, compression deformation behavior at room-temperature was studied. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-8Zn-1Y alloy solidified under ambient pressure and super-high pressure was both mainly composed of ■-Mg and quasicrystal I-Mg3Zn6 Y. Solidification under super-high pressure contributed to refining solidified microstructure and changing morphology of the intergranular second phase. The morphology of intergranular second phase（quasicrystal I-Mg3Zn6Y） was transformed from continuous network（ambient pressure） to long island（high pressure） and finally to granular（super-high pressure） with the increase in pressure. The compressive strength, yield strength and rupture strain of the samples solidified under ambient pressure were significantly improved from 262.6 MPa, 244.4 MPa and 13.3% to 437.3 MPa, 368.9 MPa and 24.7% under the pressure of 6 GPa, respectively. Under ambient pressure, cleavage plane on compressive fracture was large and smooth. When it was solidified under the pressure ranging from 4 to 6 GPa, cleavage plane on compressive fracture was small and coarse. In addition, dimple, tear ridge and lobate patterns existed.

Effects of holding time and Zener-Hollomon parameters on deformation behavior of cast Mg-8Gd-3Y alloy during double-pass hot compression

Double-pass hot compression tests were carried out over a wide range of holding time（0–180 s） and Zener-Hollomon parameter（1.6 E15–1.3 E20） to study the deformation behavior of cast Mg-8 Gd-3 Y alloy.The flow curves show obvious work hardening and strain softening stages, leading to the peak stress of double-pass hot compression. Holding time and Zener-Hollomon parameter can significantly affect the second pass peak stress. It is found that increasing the holding time can cause a higher peak stress in the second pass deformation. The second pass stress reaches the peak stress of 71 MPa at ZenerHollomom parameter of 1.6 E15. When the parameter rises to 1.3 E20, the second pass peak goes up to237 MPa. In addition, the second pass peak stress is significantly higher than the unloading stress, which is opposite to the flow behavior of aluminum alloys. Residual stored deformation energy caused by the first pass deformation could be consumed by metadynamic recrystallization. Therefore, more strain energy is required for subsequent dynamic recrystallization, resulting in hardening behavior. A hardening fraction is defined to describe the deformation behavior quantitatively, which shows a positive correlation with the metadynamic recrystallization fraction. The metadynamic recrystallization leads to grain growth at the inter pass holding stage, diminishing dynamic recrystallization nucleation positions in the second pass deformation.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated Mg-15Gd-3Y alloy

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-15Gd-3Y alloy were investigated in the as-cast and heat treated conditions. The microstrucmre evolution from as-cast to cast-T4 states involved a-Mg solid solution＋Mg5（Gd,Y） phase→a-Mg supersaturated solid solution＋rare earths compound Mg3（Gdl.26,Y0.74）→a-Mg supersaturated solid solution＋rare earths compound Mg3（Gd0.Tas,Y1.255）. It showed that 480 ℃/4 h was the optimal solution treatment parameter. If the solution temperature was high or the holding time was long, such as 520 ℃/16 h, an overheating phenomenon would be induced, which had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties. When ageing at 225 and 200℃, the alloy would exhibit a significant age-hardening response and great long-time-age-hardening potential, respectively. The best mechanical properties were obtained at the parameters of 480 ℃/4 h＋225 ℃/16 h, with the UTS of 257.0 MPa and elongation of 3.8%.

Effect of solid-solution treatment on corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of Mg-15Y alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution

The effect of solid-solution treatment on corrosion and electrochemical mechanisms of Mg-15Y alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical testing, immersion testing and SEM observation. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of Mg-15Y sample gradually deteriorated with immersion time increasing, which was consistent with the observation of corrosion morphologies. The solid-solution treatment decreased the amounts of second phase Mg24Ys. The Ecor~ and corrosion rate of as-cast samples were both lower than those of solid solution-treated samples, and both increased with increment of solid solution-treated time. The corrosion mechanism was proposed for the galvanic, pitting and filiform corrosion which varied with the immersion time and solid-solution treatment.

Evolution of microstructure and tensile properties of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy

In order to investigate the effect of extrusion on Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, energy dispersive spectrum（EDS） and tensile testing.The results indicated that the microstructure was obviously refined by extrusion and dynamic recrystallization.The second phases were dynamic precipitated and distributed more dispersively through extrusion.W-Phases（Mg3Zn3Y2） were twisted and broken, while I-Phases（Mg3Zn6Y） were spheroidized by deformation.Twin bands were formed to achieve the large deformation and hinder the slip of dislocations effectively to improve tensile properties.The tensile strength and elongation of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy were 254.94 MPa and 17.9% respectively which were improved greatly compared with those of as-cast alloy.The strengthening mechanisms of the extruded alloy were mainly fine-grain strengthening and distortion strengthening.