Effect of pouring and mold temperatures on hot tearing susceptibility of AZ91D and Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-Zr Mg alloys

Pouring and mold temperatures are two important parameters during casting magnesium components. The present study examined their influence on hot tearing susceptibility （HTS） of commercial AZ91D and newly developed Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-Zr （mass fraction, %; NZ30K） magnesium alloys in gravity permanent mold casting condition. The results indicate that mold temperature shows much more significant influence on the HTS of both alloys than pouring temperature whose influence only can be distinguished at low mold temperature （341 K for AZ91D alloy and 423 K for NZ30K alloy）. Hot tearing susceptibility prediction model concerning feeding parameters, grain size and solidification range, is more suitable to estimate the HTS of different magnesium alloys than the model only concerning feeding parameters. In order to achieve better hot tearing resistance, the ranges of pouring and mold temperatures are suggested to be 961-991 K and≥641 K for AZ91D alloy, 1003-1033 K and≥623 K for NZ30K alloy, respectively.

Effect of addition of minor amounts of Sb and Gd on hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy

The effects of addition of minor amount of(0.5 wt.%) antimony(Sb) or gadolinium(Gd) and combined addition of Sb and Gd(0.5 wt.%,respectively) on the hot tearing susceptibility(HTS) of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy were investigated experimentally using a “T-shaped” hot tearing measuring system. Various solidification parameters of the alloys were measured and calculated through thermal analysis experiments. The microstructure, grain size, and morphology of the crack zone were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, and the crystal phases of the alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% Gd resulted in the increase in the vulnerable temperature range(Tv) and reduced the eutectic structure content that could participate in feeding, thereby improving the HTS of the alloy. However, addition of 0.5 wt.% Sb or combined addition of Gd and Sb(0.5 wt.%, respectively) to the Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy shortened the Tvand improved the skeleton strength of the alloy, thereby reducing HTS. Moreover, significantly refined structure of Mg-5Al-3Ca-0.5Gd-0.5Sb alloy improved the feeding ability of the eutectic structure, thus the alloy exhibited the lowest HTS.

Effects of Ce on microstructure of semi-continuously cast Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr magnesium alloy ingots

Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr-xCe (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by conventional semi-continuous casting. The effect of rare earth Ce on the microstructure of Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr-xCe alloys was studied and the distribution of Ce was analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that Ce element exists in the form of Mg12Ce phase and has an obvious refining effect on the microstructure of test alloys. As the Ce content increases, the grain size reduces, the grain boundaries turn thinner, and the distribution of Mg12Ce precipitates becomes more and more dispersed. The Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Zr alloy with 0.3%Ce has the best refinement effect. From center to periphery of the ingot, the amount of granular precipitates in the grain reduces. In longitudinal section of the ingot, some relative long columnar grains appear.

Grain refinement impact on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Mg-9Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy after decreasing temperature reciprocating upsetting-extrusion

Based on the deforming technique of severe plastic deformation(SPD), the grain refinement of a Mg-9Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy treated with decreasing temperature reciprocating upsetting-extrusion(RUE) and its influence on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of the alloy were studied. The RUE process was carried out for 4 passes in total, starting at 0 ℃ and decreasing by 10 ℃ for each pass. The results showed that as the number of RUE passes increased, the grain refinement effect was obvious, and the second phase in the alloy was evenly distributed. Room temperature tensile properties of the alloy and the deepening of the RUE degree showed a positive correlation trend, which was due to the grain refinement, uniform distribution of the second phase and texture weakening. And the microhardness of the alloy showed that the microhardness of RUE is the largest in 2 passes. The change in microhardness was the result of dynamic competition between the softening effect of DRX and the work hardening effect. In addition, the wear resistance of the alloy showed a positive correlation with the degree of RUE under low load conditions. When the applied load was higher, the wear resistance of the alloy treated with RUE decreased compared to the initial state alloy. This phenomenon was mainly due to the presence of oxidative wear on the surface of the alloy, which could balance the positive contribution of severe plastic deformation to wear resistance to a certain extent.

Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al-xMg-3Zn-1Cu cast alloys

Effects of Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al−xMg−3Zn−1Cu cast alloys(x=3−5,wt.%)were investigated.As Mg content increased in the as-cast alloys,the grains were refined due to enhanced growth restriction,and the formation ofη-Mg(AlZnCu)_(2) and S-Al_(2)CuMg phases was inhibited while the formation of T-Mg_(32)(AlZnCu)_(49 )phase was promoted when Mg content exceeded 4 wt.%.The increase of Mg content encumbered the solution kinetics by increasing the size of eutectic phase but accelerated and enhanced the age-hardening through expediting precipitation kinetics and elevating the number density of the precipitates.As Mg content increased,the yield strength and tensile strength of the as-cast,solution-treated and peak-aged alloys were severally improved,while the elongation of the alloys decreased.The tensile strength and elongation of the peak-aged Al−5Mg−3Zn−1Cu alloy exceed 500 MPa and 5%,respectively.Precipitation strengthening implemented by T′precipitates is the predominant strengthening mechanism in the peak-aged alloys and is enhanced by increasing Mg content.

Al3Ti4B中间合金对Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn合金显微组织和性能的影响

研究了Al3Ti4B中间合金对 Mg 7Al 0.4Zn 0.2Mn合金的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明: 当Al3Ti4B加入量小于0.3%(质量分数)时, 合金的平均晶粒尺寸显著减小; 当 Al3Ti4B加入量为0.3%时, 合金组织显著细化, 平均晶粒尺寸由未变质合金的 135μm细化到 30μm, 合金拉伸力学性能和耐腐蚀性能最好; 当加入量超过0.3%时, 晶粒粗化; 具有密排六方结构的高熔点化合物 TiB2 (θm =2 980 ℃)和 AlB2(θm=980℃)均可作为α Mg的异质核心, 大量异质结晶核心的存在是导致α Mg晶粒细化的主要原因。

Microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy

The microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy was investigated by TEM and HRTEM. The results show that the hardening produced in the Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy is considerably higher than that in the Mg-8Zn-4A1 alloy. A dense dispersion of disc-like Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates are formed in Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 16 h. In addition, the lattice distortions, honeycomb-looking Moir＆#233; fringes, edge dislocations and dislocation loop also exist in the microstructure. The precipitates of alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 48 h are coarse disc-like and fine dispersed grainy. When the alloy is subjected to aging at 160 ℃ for 227 h, the microstructure consists of numerous MgZn2 precipitates and Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates. All the analyses show that Ca is a particularly effective trace addition in improving the age-hardening and postponing the formation of MgZn2 precipitates in Mg-8Zn-4Al alloy aged at 160 ℃.

轧制变形量对Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、万能试验机、导电率测量仪研究轧制温度360℃下18%~55%轧制变形量对铸态Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金的显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明:铸态合金组织明显为枝晶,晶界处有大量Mg17Al12金属间化合物分布。随着轧制变形量的增加,合金中晶粒越来越细化,组织越来越均匀。与铸态合金相比,轧制合金的强度和伸长率均明显提高,导电率明显降低。变形量55%的合金抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为325、234 MPa,其伸长率和导电率分别为24.7%和17.20%IACS。

时效对挤压态Mg-11Al-3Zn-2Ca镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用箱式电阻炉进行时效处理,试样埋入石墨中防止氧化,利用OM、SEM和TEM等手段对含Ca高铝Mg-11Al-3Zn-2Ca挤压变形镁合金时效状态下的组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,Mg-11Al-3Zn-2Ca挤压变形镁合金在9～25 h内时效,析出相为短棒状的β-Mg17Al12,析出过程遵循先晶界后晶内的规律;经过200℃时效后,抗拉强度有所提高,最大提高10 MPa;伸长率随时效时间延长呈下降趋势,15 h以内降低比较明显,超过15 h下降趋势变得较为缓慢。

体育器材用Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金铸态组织与性能研究

在Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金中添加Al2Ca,并进行了显微组织、物相组成、高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能分析。结果表明:添加了Al2Ca的Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.2Mn镁合金由α-Mg相、Mg17Al12相和Al2Ca组成;与未添加Al2Ca相比,添加Al2Ca可使该合金的高温力学性能和耐腐蚀性能均得到提高,其中150℃抗拉强度增加53%、450℃抗拉强度增加246%、盐雾腐蚀120h后的质量损失率从5.52%下降至1.11%。

中低温挤压Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织与性能研究

晶粒细化可以有效改善镁合金的力学性能。基于此,以Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金作为研究对象,通过中低温挤压变形工艺对Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金组织进行调控,进而对其变形后的组织及性能进行分析。结果表明:随着挤压温度降低,Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca合金的塑性变形机制发生转变,变形后的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,综合力学性能增强。280℃挤压变形时,合金以基面滑移及孪生协调变形为主,动态再结晶后的平均晶粒尺寸约为5.3μm,此时合金的屈服强度为95 MPa,抗拉强度为186 MPa,延伸率为22%。

Effects of cooling rate on bio-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca casting alloy

Mg?1Zn?0.5Ca alloys were prepared by traditional steel mould casting and water-cooled copper mould injection casting at higher cooling rate. Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion resistance of two alloys were contrastively investigated. Grain size reduces remarkably and microstructure becomes homogenous when raising cooling rate. The bio-corrosion behaviour in 3.5% sodium chloride solution (3.5% NaCl) and Hank’s solution at 37°C was investigated using electrochemical polarization measurement and the results indicate that the alloy prepared at higher cooling rates has better corrosion resistance in both types of solution. Further mass loss immersion test in Hank’s solution reveals the same result. The reason of corrosion resistance improvement is that raising cooling rate brings about homogeneous microstructure, which leads to micro-galvanic corrosion alleviation. The tensile test results show that yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by raising cooling rate and the improvement is mainly due to grain refinement.

Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy

The effect of ultrasonic power and treatment time on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy was studied in this paper. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring densities of ingots. The results show that proper ultrasonic treatment can remove hydrogen from the melt of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy. The ultrasonic degassing effect is closely related to the ultrasonic power density and treatment time. The degassing efficiency increases with an increase in ultrasonic power density when the melt is treated at 690 °C for 120 s, reaching its highest value at 1.2 W·cm-3. When the power density is 1.2 W·cm-3, with an increase in ultrasonic treatment time, the degassing efficiency increases at first, reaches its peak value at 120 s, then decreases as the ultrasonic treatment is further prolonged. In this experiment, the optimum degassing effect with an efficiency of 67.5 % is obtained by ultrasonic treatment with the power density of 1.2 W·cm-3 for 120 s. The maximum density of ingot can be increased from 1.8069 g·cm-3 to 1.8146 g·cm-3(increased by 0.43%).

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.

Microstructures and properties in surface layers of Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy laser-clad with Al-Si powders

Laser surface cladding with Al-Si powders was applied to a Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy to improve its surface properties.The microstructure,phase components and chemical compositions of the laser-clad layer were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the clad layer mainly consists ofα-Mg,Mg2Si dendrites,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2phases.Owing to the formation of Mg2Si,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compounds in the melted region and grain refinement,the microhardness of the clad layer(HV0.025310)is about5times higher than that of the substrate(HV0.02554).Besides,corrosion tests in the NaCl(3.5%,mass fraction)water solution show that the corrosion potential is increased from-1574.6mV for the untreated sample to-128.7mV for the laser-clad sample,while the corrosion current density is reduced from170.1to6.7μA/cm2.These results reveal that improved corrosion resistance and increased hardness of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy can be both achieved after laser cladding with Al-Si powders.

硼对Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn合金组织及性能的影响

研究了B对Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入微量的B就能使合金的晶粒得到显著的细化,并且随着B加入量的增加,细化效果越明显,当B的加入量(质量分数,下同)为0.15%时,平均晶粒尺寸由未变质合金的约140μm细化到约40μm。分析认为:具有密排六方结构的高熔点化合物AlB2可作为α-Mg的异质核心,从而细化镁合金晶粒。微量B的加入使铸态合金的力学性能得到不同程度的提高,当B的加入量为0.15%时,合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度分别比未变质合金提高13.1%、19.5%和22.0%,冲击吸收功约为未变质合金的2.3倍。B的加入量为0.10%时,合金的伸长率比未变质合金提高21.6%。

Growth process and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-Zn-Gd magnesium alloys

A Mg-6Zn-3Gd(mass fraction,%) alloy,noted as ZG63,was coated by different micro-arc oxidation(MAO) processes,and the coating structure and corrosion resistance of the alloy were studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),glancing angle X-ray diffractometry(GAXRD) and various electrochemical methods.The micro-arc oxidation process consists of three stages and corresponds with different coating structures.In the initial stage,the coating thickness is linearly increased and is controlled by electrochemical polarization.In the second stage,the coating grows mainly inward and accords with parabolic regularity.In the third stage,the loose coating forms and is controlled by local arc light.The looser coating is mainly composed of MgSiO3 and the compact coating is mainly composed of MgO.From micro-arc oxidation stage to local arc light stage,the corrosion resistance of the coated alloy firstly increases and then decreases.The satisfied corrosion resistance corresponds to the coating time ranging from 6 to10 min.

汽车变速器壳体镁合金Mg-Zn-Er-X的铸态组织与性能研究

在汽车用镁合金Mg-3Zn-0.8Er中分别添加合金元素Sr、Y,并进行了显微组织、物相组成、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的测试。结果表明:Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Sr由α-Mg相、Mg Zn2相、(Mg,Zn)4Er相和Mg17Sr2相组成,Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Y则由α-Mg相、Mg Zn2相、(Mg,Zn)4Er相、Mg3Y2Zn3相和Mg12YZn相组成。与商用AZ31镁合金相比,Mg-3Zn-0.8Er-0.2Y的室温抗拉强度较商业AZ31镁合金增加96 MPa,室温伸长率增加6.3%,盐雾腐蚀100h后的质量损失率下降6.3%。

等通道转角挤压对Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金显微组织与腐蚀性能的影响

探讨了等通道转角挤压对生物医用合金材料Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金显微组织和腐蚀性能的影响。通过对挤压态Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca合金进行共8道次的等通道转角挤压变形,获得了不同状态的合金,并对3种不同状态的试样进行了显微组织观察。8道次变形后合金的晶粒尺寸最小为10.52μm,且组织更均匀。采用浸泡实验测得了合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀速率,其中8道次变形的合金的腐蚀速率最低,为1.897 mm·y^(-1),并通过电化学实验进一步分析了等通道扭转挤压变形后合金腐蚀行为的变化。结果表明:等通道转角挤压变形后挤压态Mg-4Zn-1Mn-0.2Ca镁合金的晶粒逐渐细化且组织更加均匀,随着挤压道次的增加,合金在模拟体液中的局部阻抗逐渐提高,耐蚀性得到了改善。

Microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg-0.5Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Ce alloy with different processing conditions

The microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy with different processing conditions were investigated.The composition was detected by X-ray fluorescence(XRF),and the microstructure was analyzed by optical microscopy(OM)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The corrosion behavior was investigated by hydrogen evolution tests,weight loss tests and electrochemical measurements.The Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy has much better corrosion resistance compared with the commercial AZ31 sheet,which can be attributed to its dispersive second phases and protective corrosion products film on the alloy surface.Moreover,the as-rolled Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy shows much better corrosion resistance compared with the as-extruded Mg-0.5 Zn-0.2 Ca-0.2 Ce alloy.This can be due to three aspects:The as-rolled alloy has smaller grain size;the as-rolled alloy has lower(1010)/(1120)texture intensity;the residual stress of the as-rolled alloy is eliminated during the annealing process,but large residual stress exists in the asextruded alloy produced by the extrusion process.