Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Based Techniques for Numerical Modeling and Prediction of Aluminum-5%Magnesium Alloy Doped with REM Neodymium

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium doped with rare earth metal neodymium were evaluated. Fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to model the mechanical properties of aluminum-5%magnesium (0-0.9 wt%) neodymium. The single input (SI) to the fuzzy logic and artificial neural network models was the percentage weight of neodymium, while the multiple outputs (MO) were average grain size, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength elongation and hardness. The fuzzy logic-based model showed more accurate prediction than the artificial neutral network-based model in terms of the correlation coefficient values (R).

Effect of addition of minor amounts of Sb and Gd on hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy

The effects of addition of minor amount of(0.5 wt.%) antimony(Sb) or gadolinium(Gd) and combined addition of Sb and Gd(0.5 wt.%,respectively) on the hot tearing susceptibility(HTS) of Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy were investigated experimentally using a “T-shaped” hot tearing measuring system. Various solidification parameters of the alloys were measured and calculated through thermal analysis experiments. The microstructure, grain size, and morphology of the crack zone were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, and the crystal phases of the alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% Gd resulted in the increase in the vulnerable temperature range(Tv) and reduced the eutectic structure content that could participate in feeding, thereby improving the HTS of the alloy. However, addition of 0.5 wt.% Sb or combined addition of Gd and Sb(0.5 wt.%, respectively) to the Mg-5Al-3Ca alloy shortened the Tvand improved the skeleton strength of the alloy, thereby reducing HTS. Moreover, significantly refined structure of Mg-5Al-3Ca-0.5Gd-0.5Sb alloy improved the feeding ability of the eutectic structure, thus the alloy exhibited the lowest HTS.

国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝耐久性研究

以国家速滑馆首次应用的国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝为研究对象,对其使用性能、基本特性及耐久性等进行研究。采用了国家速滑馆内部高空索体实际服役环境处的大气暴露试验方式,综合考虑索在加工安装过程中易产生的损伤,对索丝试件进行了划痕、刮擦、焊点的预制缺陷设计,研究了含预制缺陷的国产Zn-5%Al-稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝在真实使用环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律,并采用力学性能测试研究了索丝在服役环境大气腐蚀作用下的力学性能变化规律及不同缺陷对力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工安装过程中在索丝表面合金镀层产生的划痕、刮擦、焊点等损伤,会破坏合金镀层的完整性。大气暴露试验和力学性能试验中,三类缺陷对索丝金属镀层防大气腐蚀性能和单丝抗拉强度均有负面影响,其中焊点缺陷影响最大,单丝抗拉强度下降约40%。

Comparative study on corrosion behavior of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy in 5% NaCl aqueous solution

The corrosion behaviours of Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr magnesium alloys prepared by as-casting and extrusion were investigated in 5% NaCl aqueous solution by immersion and electrochemical tests. The microstructure indicates the mean grain size of 15 μm for the extruded and 100 μm for the as-cast Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr magnesium alloys. The corrosion morphology of as-cast sample shows pitting corrosion and little filiform corrosion, but that of the extruded sample shows pitting corrosion at the initial stage. The corrosion rate of extruded sample is higher than that of as-cast Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy according to the immersion test. The second phases containing RE acting as cathodes improve the corrosion properties. The corrosion potentials of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr alloys are -1.658 V and -1.591 V, respectively. The origins of the distinctive corrosion behavior of as-cast and extruded Mg-5Y-7Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr Mg alloys were discussed.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy subjected to extrusion and T5 treatment were investigated using optical microscopy（OM）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, electron back scattered diffraction（EBSD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, hardness tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that the as-cast alloy consisted of α（Mg）, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Mg2 Sn and Mg Sn Nd phases. Dynamic recrystallization has completed during the extrusion process and the average grain size was 7.2 μm. After T5 treatment, the strength increased obviously, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-extruded alloy were increased by 94 and 34 MPa, respectively. Microstructure characterization revealed that the improvement of strength was determined by the high number density of β′1 rods.

Effects of calcium addition on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Zn-5Sn (mass fraction,%) alloy were investigated.The results indicate that an addition of 0.5%-1.5% (mass fraction) Ca to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy not only refines the as-cast microstructure of the alloy but also causes the formation of the primary and/or eutectic CaMgSn phases with high thermal stability;an increase in Ca amount from 0.5% to 1.5% (mass fraction) increases the amount and size of the CaMgSn phase.In addition,Ca addition to the Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloy improves not only the tensile properties at room temperature and 150 ℃ but also the creep properties.Among the Ca-containing Mg-5Zn-5Sn alloys,the one added 0.5% (mass fraction) Ca obtains the optimum ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature and 150 ℃,however,the alloy added 1.5% (mass fraction) Ca exhibits the optimum yield strength and creep properties.

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-cast Mg-5Sn-1Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements of Y,Bi,Sb and Sr

The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements Y,Bi,Sb and Sr were investigated and compared.Results show that the microstructure of the as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si alloy consists ofα-Mg,Mg_(2) Si,Mg_(2) Sn and Mg_(2)(Si_xSn_(1-x))phases.After adding 0.8 wt.%Y,0.3 wt.%Bi,0.9 wt.%Sb and 0.9 wt.%Sr,respectively into the Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy,Mg_(24)Y_(5),Mg_(3) Bi_(2),Mg_(3) Sb_(2) and Mg_(2) Sr phases are precipitated accordingly.Trace elements can refineα-Mg grain and Chinese scriptshaped Mg_(2) Si phase.Refinement efficiency of different trace elements onα-Mg grain and Mg_(2) Si phase is varied.Sr element has the best refinement effect,followed by Sb and Bi,while Y has the least refinement effect.Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sr alloy has higher tensile properties than the other three modified alloys.The refinement mechanism of Y,Bi and Sr elements on Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy can be explained by the growth restriction factors and the solute undercooling.For Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sb alloy,the heterogeneous nuclei of Mg_(3) Sb_(2) phase is the main reason for the refinement of grains and second phases.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Mg-15Al-xNd alloy by permanent mold

To improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-15AI magnesium alloy, different amounts （from 0 to 4.0wt.%） of Nd were added to the alloy and six Mg-15AI-xNd alloys were prepared by metal mould casting. The effect of Nd content on microstructure of the alloys was investigated by means of OM, SEM, EDS, TEM, and XRD. The tensile properties were tested at room temperature （RT） and high temperature （473 K）. The results indicate that the primary a-Mg dendrite is significantly refined with the addition of Nd. The best refinement is reached at 1.0wt.% Nd content and the average dendrite arm spacing decreases from 80- 100 pm （without Nd addition） to -20 pm. A further increase in Nd content leads to the coarsening of the primary a-Mg dendrite. The addition of Nd improves the tensile properties of Mg-15AI both at RT and 473 K. The Mg-15AI alloy containing 1.0wt.% Nd exhibits the best tensile properties. Compared with the alloy without Nd, the yield and ultimate tensile strength of the Mg-15AI-1.0Nd alloy at RT increase from 132.3 to 148.6 MPa and 152.3 to 189.6 MPa, increase by 12.3% and 24.5%, respectively; and the elongation at RT increases from 0.05 % to 1.24%. The yield and tensile strength of the alloy at 473 K increase from 97.9 to 115.3 MPa and 121.6 to 140.1 MPa, increase by 15.2% and 20%, respectively. Further increment of Nd content to 1.5wt.% degrades the tensile properties, which is ascribed to grain coarsening and growth of the AI-Nd phase.

Deformation mechanism of fine grained Mg-7Gd-5Y-l.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy under high temperature and high strain rates

Fine grained Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy was investigated by dynamic compression tests using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar under the strain rates in the range 1000-2000 s^(-1) and the temperature range 293-573 K along the normal direction.The microstructure was measured by optical microscopy,electron back-scattering diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry.The results showed that Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy had the positive strain rate strengthening effect and thermal softening effect at high temperature.The solid solution of Gd and Y atoms in Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy reduced the asymmetry of α-Mg crystals and changed the critical shear stress of various deformation mechanisms.The main deformation mechanisms were prismatic slip and pyramidal(a)slip,{102}tension twinning,and dynamic recrystallization caused by local deformation such as particle-stimulated nucleation.c 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Chongqing University.

Residual stress and precipitation of Mg-5Zn-3.5Sn-1Mn-0.5Ca-0.5Cu alloy with different quenching rates

The effect of the quenching rate after solution treatment on the residual stress and precipitation behavior of a high strength Mg-5 Zn-3.5 Sn-1 Mn-0.5 Ca-0.5 Cu plate is studied.The simulation results show decreasing temperature gradient in the plate with decreasing quenching rate,which leads to weakened inhomogeneous plastic deformation and decreased residual stress.No dynamic precipitation on the grain boundary happens after either cold water cooling or air cooling,however,air cooling leads to dynamic precipitation of Mg-Zn phase on Mn particles around which a low-density precipitate zone develops after aging treatment.Moreover,the fine and densely distributed Mg-Zn precipitates observed after aging treatment of the cold water cooled alloy are replaced by coarse precipitates with low density for the air cooled alloy.Both the low-density precipitate zone near Mn particles and the coarsening of precipitates are the source of the decrease in hardness and tensile properties of the air cooled alloy.The residual stress drops faster than the hardness with decreasing quenching rate,which makes it possible to lower the residual stress without sacrificing too much age-hardening ability of the alloy.

Effects of yttrium and strontium additions on as-cast microstructure of Mg-14Li-1Al alloys

Mg-14Li-1Al （LA141）, LA141-0.3Y, LA141-0.3Sr, and LA141-0.3Y-0.3Sr alloys were prepared in an induction furnace in the argon atmosphere. The microstructures of these alloys were investigated through scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results show that yttrium and/or strontium additions produce a strong grain refining effect in LA141 alloy. The mean grain sizes of the alloys with addition of Y and/or Sr are reduced remarkably from 600 to 500, 260, 230 μm, respectively. Al 2 Y, Al 4 Sr and Mg 17 Sr 2 phases with different morphologies are verified and exist inside the grain or at the grain boundaries, thus possibly act as heterogeneous nucleation sites and pin up grain boundaries, which restrain the grain growth.

Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn合金显微组织的影响

研究了Al5TiB对Mg 8Zn 4Al 0.3Mn铸造镁合金显微组织的影响。结果表明,Mg 8Zn 4Al 0.3Mn铸造镁合金的显微组织主要由Mg相、(Al2Mg5Zn2)相、τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)相组成。加入0.5%的Al5TiB可显著细化合金的铸态组织,晶粒大小由120～130μm减少到30～40μm。随着Al5TiB加入量的增加,合金的共晶α(Mg)相数量和合金的显微硬度均呈增加趋势。

Zr含量对Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用光学显微镜及拉伸试验机等手段,研究了Zr含量对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金铸态和热处理后显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,Zr的加入使Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金的铸态和热处理后的晶粒得到明显的细化。在铸态及热处理条件下,合金的抗拉强度与伸长率均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。对于铸态合金而言,Zr含量为0.6%时,Mg-5Zn-2Al合金的晶粒最为细小,并且其抗拉强度与伸长率均达到最大值,为215MPa和12.563%。经热处理后,合金的抗拉强度较铸态得到了显著地提高。当Zr含量为0.6%时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大,为249MPa。

钇对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、电子万能试验机、扫描电镜和X射线等手段,研究了不同含量的Y对Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金铸态及热处理状态下组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金主要由α-Mg基体相、Mg32(Al,Zn)49相及Al3Y相组成,并且Al3Y稀土相随着合金中加Y量的增加而增多。在铸态及热处理条件下,合金的力学性能(抗拉强度和延伸率)均呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。在铸态条件下,当加Y量为0.3%时合金的抗拉强度达到最大,为205MPa。当加Y量为0.9%时,合金的延伸率达到最大,为14.6%。经过T6热处理后,合金的抗拉强度较铸态均得到了明显提高,而延伸率有所下降。加Y量为0.9%的Mg-5Zn-2Al镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率均达到最大值,分别为234MPa和11.4%。

Mn对Mg-5Al镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同含量的Mn对Mg-5Al镁合金的显微组织以及在NaCl溶液腐蚀介质中腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Mn后,Mn优先与Al结合形成Al8Mn5相,合金晶粒明显细化,连续或半连续网状分布β-Mg17Al12相逐渐呈断续及颗粒状弥散分布且数量减少。随着Mn含量的增加,合金腐蚀速率降低,腐蚀电流密度降低,而钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻增加,合金耐蚀性能得到明显的改善。当Mn含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,合金耐蚀性最好,腐蚀速率仅有1.08mg.cm-2.d-1,比未添加Mn的合金降低了72%。

Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了变质剂Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:Al5TiB的加入显著细化了Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金晶粒,增大了界面面积,提高了合金的界面阻尼。但是,Al5TiB的加入又促进了Al、Zn原子向基体中的扩散,降低了合金的位错阻尼。加入变质剂Al5TiB后Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金的阻尼机制主要是界面阻尼和位错阻尼。二者迭加的结果决定了ZA84镁合金的宏观阻尼行为。

Mg-5Al-xY合金的铸态组织及力学性能

研究了稀土钇(Y)对Mg-5Al镁合金铸态组织、高温力学性能及硬度的影响。结果表明:一定含量稀土Y的加入抑制了合金中Mg17Al12相的析出,形成了细小颗粒状和粗大块状的Al2Y耐热新相,显著提高了合金在175℃高温下的拉伸性能以及合金的显微硬度,合金的断裂特性由准解理断裂向准韧性断裂转变。

Al对Mg-5Gd镁合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响

利OM、SEM、EDX、TEM研究了0％-1％Al对Mg-5Gd合金显微组织、相组成的影响。结果表明：少量的Al能显著细化α-Mg枝晶，Gd与Mg形成Mg5Gd化合物，在晶界和晶内均匀分布。Al与合金中的Gd形成高熔点、硬质的、短棒状A13Gd分布于晶界，并随着Al含量的增加，Al3Gd的数量增加。当Al含量超过0．8％后，Al与合金中的Mg形成脆性的Al2Mg17相，严重降低材料的塑性。

Al对Mg-5Gd镁合金铸态显微组织和相组成的影响

高性能镁稀土合金中常常含有较多的贵重金属Y和Zr，研究用便宜的元素代替贵重元素而不影响力学性能具有重要的意义．利用OM，SEM—EDS，TEM—EDX研究了质量分数为0～1％的Al对Mg-5Gd合金显微组织、相组成的影响．结果表明：少量的Al能显著细化α—Mg枝晶，Gd与Mg形成Mg5Gd化合物，在晶界和晶内均匀分布。Al与合金中的Gd形成高熔点、硬质的、短棒状Al3Gd分布于晶界，并随着Al含量的增加，Al3Gd的数量增加．当Al含量超过0．8％后，Al与合金中的Mg形成脆性的Al12Mg17相，严重降低材料的塑性．

原始组织对Mg-10Zn-5Al合金半固态球晶组织的影响

采用圆锥铜模冷却法制备了不同原始组织的Mg-10Zn-5Al合金,研究不同冷却速率下合金的铸态组织以及不同原始铸态组织对二次重熔球晶组织的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速率的减慢,试样的组织从枝晶状向颗粒状晶转变,而且晶粒变得越来越粗大。Mg-10Zn-5Al合金坯料原始组织从树枝晶向等轴晶转变的过程中,重熔后的平均晶粒尺寸、平均圆整度和固相率呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。当重熔温度为430℃,重熔时间为30 min,原始组织为等轴晶时,其二次重熔后的平均晶粒尺寸在49μm左右,其平均圆整度在1.8左右,其固相率为52.5%。