Effects of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy

The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy during casting, homogenization, hot extrusion, T4, T6 and T4＋two-step aging were investigated. The mechanical properties of alloys with and without Ce were compared. The results showed that Ce had an obvious effect on the microstructure of ZM61-0.5Ce alloy by restricting the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and restraining the grain growth during extrusion and heat treatment subsequently. A new binary phase Mg 12 Ce was identified in ZM61-0.5Ce alloy, which distributed at grain boundaries and was broken to small particles distributed at grain boundaries along extrusion direction during extrusion. The mechanical properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were improved with the addition of Ce. The improved tensile properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were due to the finer grain sizes as compared to ZM61 alloy. However, the UTS and YS decreased severely and the elongation increased when ZM61-0.5Ce was treated by T6 and T4＋two-step aging. Brittle Mg 12 Ce phase, which was distributed at the grain boundary areas and cannot dissolve into the Mg matrix after solution treatment, became crack source under tensile stress.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy subjected to extrusion and T5 treatment were investigated using optical microscopy（OM）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, electron back scattered diffraction（EBSD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, hardness tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that the as-cast alloy consisted of α（Mg）, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Mg2 Sn and Mg Sn Nd phases. Dynamic recrystallization has completed during the extrusion process and the average grain size was 7.2 μm. After T5 treatment, the strength increased obviously, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-extruded alloy were increased by 94 and 34 MPa, respectively. Microstructure characterization revealed that the improvement of strength was determined by the high number density of β′1 rods.

TEM microstructure of rapidly solidified Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce alloy

Rapidly solidified（RS） Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce ribbons were prepared by single roller melt-spinning technique.Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to characterize the microstructure of RS ribbons.The results show that there is high density of particles distributed within grains and at grain boundaries in the region near wheel side.The particle density is decreased in the middle region and free surface region.The alloy is predominantly composed of supersaturated--Mg solid solution,T phase and W phase;meanwhile,a few icosahedral quasicrystalline and Mg4Zn7 particles are also observed.The T phase is confirmed having a body-centered orthorhombic structure that is transformed from the body-centered tetragonal structure Mg12Ce phase due to the partial substitution of Mg atoms by Zn.

Improved Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Mg-4Zn-1Mn Alloy Modified by Sr/F co-doped CaP Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings

The Sr/F co-doped CaP(Sr/F-CaP)coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation(MAO)under different voltages to modify the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-4Zn-1Mn alloy.The surface and interface characteristics investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS)showed that the MAO coatings displayed uneven crater-like holes and tiny cracks under lower voltage,while they exhibited relatively homogeneous crater-like holes without cracks under higher voltage.The thickness of MAO coatings increased with increasing voltage.The corrosion behavior of Mg-4Zn-1Mn alloy was improved by the MAO coatings.The MAO coatings prepared under 450 V and 500 V voltages possessed the best corrosion resistance with regard to the electrochemical corrosion tests and immersion corrosion tests,respectively.The MAO coatings fabricated under 450-500 V could provide a better corrosion protection effect for the substrate.

Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy

The effect of ultrasonic power and treatment time on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy was studied in this paper. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring densities of ingots. The results show that proper ultrasonic treatment can remove hydrogen from the melt of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy. The ultrasonic degassing effect is closely related to the ultrasonic power density and treatment time. The degassing efficiency increases with an increase in ultrasonic power density when the melt is treated at 690 °C for 120 s, reaching its highest value at 1.2 W·cm-3. When the power density is 1.2 W·cm-3, with an increase in ultrasonic treatment time, the degassing efficiency increases at first, reaches its peak value at 120 s, then decreases as the ultrasonic treatment is further prolonged. In this experiment, the optimum degassing effect with an efficiency of 67.5 % is obtained by ultrasonic treatment with the power density of 1.2 W·cm-3 for 120 s. The maximum density of ingot can be increased from 1.8069 g·cm-3 to 1.8146 g·cm-3(increased by 0.43%).

Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Y镁合金动态再结晶临界条件及动力学模型的构建

在300~400℃、0.003~1 s^(-1)变形条件下,采用Gleeble-1500型热模拟试验机对Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Y镁合金进行热压缩实验。依据加工硬化率曲线拐点特征构建了合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶临界应变模型,并根据临界条件构建了合金的动态再结晶动力学模型,并分析了不同变形条件对合金动态再结晶的影响。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Y镁合金的热变形行为有显著的影响,其流变曲线表现出典型的动态再结晶特征,并且提高变形温度和降低应变速率都将促进动态再结晶的发生;在本实验条件下,Mg-8Al-1Zn-1Y镁合金的加工硬化率曲线均具有拐点特征,得到了合金在变形温度为300~400℃及应变速率为0.003~1 s^(-1)条件下所对应的临界应变ε_(c)和峰值应变ε_(p),并获得了合金临界应变模型和动态再结晶动力学模型,合金显微组织特征验证了所获得的临界应变模型和动态再结晶模型的准确性。

Microstructures and properties in surface layers of Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy laser-clad with Al-Si powders

Laser surface cladding with Al-Si powders was applied to a Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy to improve its surface properties.The microstructure,phase components and chemical compositions of the laser-clad layer were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the clad layer mainly consists ofα-Mg,Mg2Si dendrites,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2phases.Owing to the formation of Mg2Si,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compounds in the melted region and grain refinement,the microhardness of the clad layer(HV0.025310)is about5times higher than that of the substrate(HV0.02554).Besides,corrosion tests in the NaCl(3.5%,mass fraction)water solution show that the corrosion potential is increased from-1574.6mV for the untreated sample to-128.7mV for the laser-clad sample,while the corrosion current density is reduced from170.1to6.7μA/cm2.These results reveal that improved corrosion resistance and increased hardness of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy can be both achieved after laser cladding with Al-Si powders.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy

The effects of the ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy were investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic treatment has significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy. The phases in Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy are α-Mg, MgZn2, MgSnY, Mg2Sn, and a small amount of I-phase. With the application of ultrasonic treatment, I-phase nearly disappears, and with increasing the ultrasonic treatment power, the coarse dendrites gradually change into roundish equiaxed grains. The second phases at the α-Mg boundaries transform from coarse, semicontinuous and non-uniform to fine, discontinuous, uniform and dispersive. When the ultrasonic treatment power is 700 W, the best comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy are obtained. Compared with the untreated alloy, the 0.2%tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by 28%, 30%and 67%, respectively.

超高压下Mg-6Zn-1Y合金的凝固组织与性能

利用SEM、EDS、XRD研究了超高压凝固下Mg-6Zn—Y合金的凝固组织及性能。结果表明，常压下Mg-6Zn·1Y合金的宏观凝固组织为粗大的树枝晶，二次枝晶间距约为40～50μm；在GPa级超高压凝固条件下，合金的凝固组织显著细化，6GPa-1300℃凝固条件下，其二次枝晶间距仅为3～6μm；超高压下凝固的合金基体上分布的粒状相更加细小和均匀弥散，单位面积上粒状相的数量显著增多。常压下合金的显微硬度为59HV，在6GPa下超高压下合金的硬度大幅提高，达到85HV。高压下合金的弹性模量由常压下的68GPa减小到6GPa下的59GPa。

Microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy

The microstructure of Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca aged alloy was investigated by TEM and HRTEM. The results show that the hardening produced in the Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy is considerably higher than that in the Mg-8Zn-4A1 alloy. A dense dispersion of disc-like Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates are formed in Mg-8Zn-4Al-1Ca alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 16 h. In addition, the lattice distortions, honeycomb-looking Moir＆#233; fringes, edge dislocations and dislocation loop also exist in the microstructure. The precipitates of alloy aged at 160 ℃ for 48 h are coarse disc-like and fine dispersed grainy. When the alloy is subjected to aging at 160 ℃ for 227 h, the microstructure consists of numerous MgZn2 precipitates and Ca2Mg6Zn3 precipitates. All the analyses show that Ca is a particularly effective trace addition in improving the age-hardening and postponing the formation of MgZn2 precipitates in Mg-8Zn-4Al alloy aged at 160 ℃.

Mg-6Al-1Zn-1.8Gd-0.9Y镁合金的高温蠕变行为

研究了Mg-6Al-1Zn-1.8Gd-0.9Y镁合金的高温蠕变行为。结果表明:Mg-6Al-1Zn-1.8Gd-0.9Y合金在50MPa、150℃的蠕变量为0.86%,稳态蠕变速率为1.8×10^(-8) s^(-1);经热处理后的合金在50MPa、150℃的蠕变量为0.36%,稳态蠕变速率为8.9×10^(-9)s^(-1),基本可满足高温下的使用要求。铸态合金在50MPa下的蠕变激活能为24.3kJ/mol,热处理后的合金在50、70MPa下的蠕变激活能分别为23.4、34.3 kJ/mol,这与晶界滑移激活能接近。

稀土Y对Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、万能力学试验机等手段,系统研究了不同含量Y（1%-6%（质量分数））对Mg-6Zn-1Mn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Y的不断增加,Mg-6Zn-1Mn系铸态合金主要物相演变规律为α-Mg＋Mg7Zn3→α-Mg＋I→α-Mg＋W→α-Mg＋X,这主要归因于不同的Zn/Y原子比。研究发现,当Y含量低于2%时,挤压可使晶界和晶粒内部析出细小弥散的第二相,同时提高了合金强度和室温延展性。而随着Y的进一步增加,第二相颗粒变大,且主要存在于晶界,热挤压过程中晶粒不易被挤碎,弱化了析出相与基体的界面能,最终使得挤压态合金综合力学性能降低。

严酷变形Mg-6Zn-1Y合金组织

利用正挤压和往复挤压-正挤压联合工艺制备细晶Mg-6Zn-1Y合金,研究挤压工艺对合金组织的影响。结果表明:挤压比为11.3时,300、340℃正挤压合金晶粒平均尺寸分别为2.7、12.9μm;300℃时再结晶机制为非连续动态再结晶机制,组织不均匀;340℃时为连续动态再结晶机理,组织均匀;挤压比6.1时,300℃挤压合金平均晶粒尺寸为3.2μm。降低挤压温度和增大挤压速率均可以提高组织细化程度。340℃往复挤压5道次后再经255℃正挤压合金组织均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为5.3μm,均匀的细晶组织归因于在往复挤压和正挤压过程中发生了2次动态再结晶。

Mg-6Zn-1Y-Zr镁合金的组织与性能研究

Mg-6Zn-1Y-Zr镁合金在热锻或热挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶。合金组织细化,但不均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约10μm。挤压态材料经350℃×30min再结晶退火转变为等轴细晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸已达到5μm左右。合金在变形处理后有新的第二相析出,且合金的力学性能有很大提高。其中锻态Mg-6Zn-1Y-Zr合金的σb达到265MPa,σ0.2达155MPa,挤压态合金的σb达到330MPa,σ0.2达185MPa。

退火温度对Mg-1Zn-0.6Zr-2Y合金组织和力学性能的影响

对挤压态Mg-1Zn-0.6Zr-2Y合金进行300~390℃的退火试验。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能试验机等研究了不同温度退火对Mg-1Zn-0.6Zr-2Y合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,Mg-1Zn-0.6Zr-2Y合金的晶粒先增大后减小,均匀性逐渐提高,390℃退火合金试样发生了完全再结晶,晶粒均匀细小。随着退火温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率先降低后升高,390℃退火合金试样的抗拉强度和伸长率均达到最大值,分别为366.4 MPa和30.8%,比挤压态试样分别提高了9.3%和21.7%。

Effects of cooling rate on bio-corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Mg-1Zn-0.5Ca casting alloy

Mg?1Zn?0.5Ca alloys were prepared by traditional steel mould casting and water-cooled copper mould injection casting at higher cooling rate. Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion resistance of two alloys were contrastively investigated. Grain size reduces remarkably and microstructure becomes homogenous when raising cooling rate. The bio-corrosion behaviour in 3.5% sodium chloride solution (3.5% NaCl) and Hank’s solution at 37°C was investigated using electrochemical polarization measurement and the results indicate that the alloy prepared at higher cooling rates has better corrosion resistance in both types of solution. Further mass loss immersion test in Hank’s solution reveals the same result. The reason of corrosion resistance improvement is that raising cooling rate brings about homogeneous microstructure, which leads to micro-galvanic corrosion alleviation. The tensile test results show that yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by raising cooling rate and the improvement is mainly due to grain refinement.

Residual stress and precipitation of Mg-5Zn-3.5Sn-1Mn-0.5Ca-0.5Cu alloy with different quenching rates

The effect of the quenching rate after solution treatment on the residual stress and precipitation behavior of a high strength Mg-5 Zn-3.5 Sn-1 Mn-0.5 Ca-0.5 Cu plate is studied.The simulation results show decreasing temperature gradient in the plate with decreasing quenching rate,which leads to weakened inhomogeneous plastic deformation and decreased residual stress.No dynamic precipitation on the grain boundary happens after either cold water cooling or air cooling,however,air cooling leads to dynamic precipitation of Mg-Zn phase on Mn particles around which a low-density precipitate zone develops after aging treatment.Moreover,the fine and densely distributed Mg-Zn precipitates observed after aging treatment of the cold water cooled alloy are replaced by coarse precipitates with low density for the air cooled alloy.Both the low-density precipitate zone near Mn particles and the coarsening of precipitates are the source of the decrease in hardness and tensile properties of the air cooled alloy.The residual stress drops faster than the hardness with decreasing quenching rate,which makes it possible to lower the residual stress without sacrificing too much age-hardening ability of the alloy.

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-4Sm-0.4Zr alloy

A new rare earth magnesium alloy(Mg-6 Zn-4 Sm-0.4 Zr, wt.%) was prepared by permanent mould casting. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy sample in as-cast and various heat treatment situations were characterized with an optical microscope(OM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results show that the as-cast alloy mainly consists of α-Mg, eutectic Mg_2Zn_3, MgZnSm and Mg_(41)Sm_5. These eutectic phases with continuous or semicontinuous morphology principally distribute along grain boundaries. Almost all the eutectic compounds dissolve in α-Mg and the grains have no obvious growth trend after optimum solution treatment at 490 °C for 18 h. Meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 229 MPa and elongation(EL) to rupture of 9.78% can be achieved through the optimal solution treatment, which increase by 37 MPa and 57.74%, respectively, compared with that of the as-cast alloy. Further aging treatments at 200 °C for different durations lead to the conspicuous increment of mechanical properties and prominent age-hardening response. Peak-aged alloy(treated at 200 °C for 12 h) reveals better mechanical properties(UTS 258 MPa, EL 9.42%, hardness 73.4 HV) compared with the same alloy treated in other aging conditions, which is mainly ascribed to precipitated Mg_2Zn_3 and MgZn_2 phases. Fracture analysis demonstrates that the as-cast alloy belongs to inter-granular and cleavage fracture patterns, while the solutionized alloy(treated at 490 °C for 18 h) reveals trans-granular and quasi-cleavage fracture modes. For the peak-aged alloy, the fracture pattern obeys the mixture of trans-granular and cleavage modes.

Effects of Mg content on microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al-xMg-3Zn-1Cu cast alloys

Effects of Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low Zn-containing Al−xMg−3Zn−1Cu cast alloys(x=3−5,wt.%)were investigated.As Mg content increased in the as-cast alloys,the grains were refined due to enhanced growth restriction,and the formation ofη-Mg(AlZnCu)_(2) and S-Al_(2)CuMg phases was inhibited while the formation of T-Mg_(32)(AlZnCu)_(49 )phase was promoted when Mg content exceeded 4 wt.%.The increase of Mg content encumbered the solution kinetics by increasing the size of eutectic phase but accelerated and enhanced the age-hardening through expediting precipitation kinetics and elevating the number density of the precipitates.As Mg content increased,the yield strength and tensile strength of the as-cast,solution-treated and peak-aged alloys were severally improved,while the elongation of the alloys decreased.The tensile strength and elongation of the peak-aged Al−5Mg−3Zn−1Cu alloy exceed 500 MPa and 5%,respectively.Precipitation strengthening implemented by T′precipitates is the predominant strengthening mechanism in the peak-aged alloys and is enhanced by increasing Mg content.

Sb变质对Mg-6A1-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金热处理组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和差热分析(DSC)等手段,研究Sb变质对Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金热处理组织和力学性能的影响,尤其是对合金固溶处理组织的影响。结果表明:固溶处理可以变质Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金铸态组织中的汉字状Mg2Si相,使Mg2Si相从汉字状变为短杆状和条块状,并且添加0.4%Sb到实验合金中可使固溶处理变质汉字状Mg2Si相的效果提高。也正是由于固溶处理可以使实验合金组织中的汉字状Mg2Si相变质,使得Mg-6A1-1Zn-0.7Si合金时效处理后获得了较铸态更高的的抗拉性能和抗蠕变性能,并且添加0.4%Sb可以进一步增强热处理对性能的改善作用。