Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy

The effects of the ultrasonic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy were investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic treatment has significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy. The phases in Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy are α-Mg, MgZn2, MgSnY, Mg2Sn, and a small amount of I-phase. With the application of ultrasonic treatment, I-phase nearly disappears, and with increasing the ultrasonic treatment power, the coarse dendrites gradually change into roundish equiaxed grains. The second phases at the α-Mg boundaries transform from coarse, semicontinuous and non-uniform to fine, discontinuous, uniform and dispersive. When the ultrasonic treatment power is 700 W, the best comprehensive mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y-2Sn alloy are obtained. Compared with the untreated alloy, the 0.2%tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are improved by 28%, 30%and 67%, respectively.

等通道转角挤压Mg-6Zn-2Si合金组织及性能研究

采用等通道转角挤压变形工艺,在573 K下以Bc路径对Mg-6Zn-2Si镁合金进行4道次和8道次挤压细化合金晶粒来提高其力学性能,同时对合金室温拉伸断口进行分析,并阐述了等通道挤压改善实验合金微观组织和力学性能的机理。结果表明:经4道次挤压后晶粒由310μm细化到13μm,Mg_2Si相最大约60μm,细化为细小颗粒状约7μm,α-Mg基体与Mg Zn相均得到显著细化,屈服强度提高180%,伸长率提高140%,抗拉强度提高75%。与4道次相比,经8道次挤压后微观组织无明显变化,屈服强度有所提高,抗拉强度和伸长率变化不大。合金的室温拉伸断口由铸态合金的脆性断口过渡为韧性断口,并且韧窝加深,分布更均匀。

Mg-16Al-12Zn-4Si-xCa-ySb合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备了Mg-16Al-12Zn-4Si-x Ca-y Sb合金,研究了Ca和Sb添加对合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,未添加Ca、Sb时,合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12、Mg2Si及Mg Zn2四相组成;添加微量Ca、Sb后,出现了Mg3Sb2和CaSi2新相,初生Mg2Si相由粗大的骨骼状转变为多边形块状;随Ca含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度先提高后降低。合金断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。

Effect of ultrasonic melt treatment on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy

The effect of ultrasonic power and treatment time on degassing of Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy was studied in this paper. The degassing effect was characterized by measuring densities of ingots. The results show that proper ultrasonic treatment can remove hydrogen from the melt of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy. The ultrasonic degassing effect is closely related to the ultrasonic power density and treatment time. The degassing efficiency increases with an increase in ultrasonic power density when the melt is treated at 690 °C for 120 s, reaching its highest value at 1.2 W·cm-3. When the power density is 1.2 W·cm-3, with an increase in ultrasonic treatment time, the degassing efficiency increases at first, reaches its peak value at 120 s, then decreases as the ultrasonic treatment is further prolonged. In this experiment, the optimum degassing effect with an efficiency of 67.5 % is obtained by ultrasonic treatment with the power density of 1.2 W·cm-3 for 120 s. The maximum density of ingot can be increased from 1.8069 g·cm-3 to 1.8146 g·cm-3(increased by 0.43%).

Microstructures and properties in surface layers of Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy laser-clad with Al-Si powders

Laser surface cladding with Al-Si powders was applied to a Mg-6Zn-1Ca magnesium alloy to improve its surface properties.The microstructure,phase components and chemical compositions of the laser-clad layer were analyzed by using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the clad layer mainly consists ofα-Mg,Mg2Si dendrites,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2phases.Owing to the formation of Mg2Si,Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compounds in the melted region and grain refinement,the microhardness of the clad layer(HV0.025310)is about5times higher than that of the substrate(HV0.02554).Besides,corrosion tests in the NaCl(3.5%,mass fraction)water solution show that the corrosion potential is increased from-1574.6mV for the untreated sample to-128.7mV for the laser-clad sample,while the corrosion current density is reduced from170.1to6.7μA/cm2.These results reveal that improved corrosion resistance and increased hardness of the Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy can be both achieved after laser cladding with Al-Si powders.

Microstructure evolution and optimum parameters analysis for hot working of new type Mg-8Sn-2Zn-0.5Cu alloy

The hot deformation behavior of as-solutionized Mg 8Sn 2Zn 0.5Cu(TZC820)alloy was investigated experimentally and numerically via isothermal compression tests at 250400℃and strain rate range of 0.013 s 1 on a Gleeble 1500D thermomechanical simulator.Results show that the deformation temperature and strain rate signi cantly affected ow stress and material constants.In addition,the strain-compensated constitutive relationship was established on the basis of true stress strain curves.The main deformation mechanism for this alloy was the dynamic recrystallization(DRX),and the DRX degree was effectively enhanced with an increase in deformation temperature and a decrease in strain rate.Moreover,the cellular automaton method was used to simulate the microstructure evolution during hot compression.In addition,the processing maps were established,and the optimum deformation parameters for the as-solutionized TZC820 alloy are at 370400℃and 0.01 s 1,and at 320360℃and 13 s 1.

Effect of non-isothermal retrogression and re-ageing on through-thickness homogeneity of microstructure and properties of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy thick plate

In order to improve the through-thickness homogeneity and properties of aviation aluminum alloy thick plate.The effect of heating-cooling retrogression and re-ageing on the performance of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy thick plate was investigated by hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observation.Results revealed that, during retrogression heating, the fine pre-precipitates in surface layer dissolve more and the undissolved η′ or η phases are more coarsened than that of center layer. During slow cooling after retrogression,precipitates continue coarsening but with a lower rate and the secondary precipitation occurs in both layers. Finer precipitates resulting from the secondary precipitation are more in surface. However, the coarsening and secondary precipitation behaviors are restrained in both layers under quick cooling condition. The electrical conductivity and through-thickness homogeneity of precipitates increases while the hardness decreases with cooling rate decreasing. After the optimized non-isothermal retrogression and re-ageing(NRRA) including air-cooling retrogression, the throughthickness homogeneity which is evaluated by integrated retrogression effects has been improved to 94%. The tensile strength, fracture toughness and exfoliation corrosion grade of Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu alloy plate is 619 MPa, 24.7 MPa·m^(1/2)and EB, respectively, which indicates that the non-isothermal retrogression and re-aging(NRRA) could improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance with higher through-thickness homogeneity.

Grain refinement impact on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of Mg-9Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy after decreasing temperature reciprocating upsetting-extrusion

Based on the deforming technique of severe plastic deformation(SPD), the grain refinement of a Mg-9Gd-3Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy treated with decreasing temperature reciprocating upsetting-extrusion(RUE) and its influence on the mechanical properties and wear behavior of the alloy were studied. The RUE process was carried out for 4 passes in total, starting at 0 ℃ and decreasing by 10 ℃ for each pass. The results showed that as the number of RUE passes increased, the grain refinement effect was obvious, and the second phase in the alloy was evenly distributed. Room temperature tensile properties of the alloy and the deepening of the RUE degree showed a positive correlation trend, which was due to the grain refinement, uniform distribution of the second phase and texture weakening. And the microhardness of the alloy showed that the microhardness of RUE is the largest in 2 passes. The change in microhardness was the result of dynamic competition between the softening effect of DRX and the work hardening effect. In addition, the wear resistance of the alloy showed a positive correlation with the degree of RUE under low load conditions. When the applied load was higher, the wear resistance of the alloy treated with RUE decreased compared to the initial state alloy. This phenomenon was mainly due to the presence of oxidative wear on the surface of the alloy, which could balance the positive contribution of severe plastic deformation to wear resistance to a certain extent.

Sb变质对Mg-6A1-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金热处理组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和差热分析(DSC)等手段,研究Sb变质对Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金热处理组织和力学性能的影响,尤其是对合金固溶处理组织的影响。结果表明:固溶处理可以变质Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.7Si镁合金铸态组织中的汉字状Mg2Si相,使Mg2Si相从汉字状变为短杆状和条块状,并且添加0.4%Sb到实验合金中可使固溶处理变质汉字状Mg2Si相的效果提高。也正是由于固溶处理可以使实验合金组织中的汉字状Mg2Si相变质,使得Mg-6A1-1Zn-0.7Si合金时效处理后获得了较铸态更高的的抗拉性能和抗蠕变性能,并且添加0.4%Sb可以进一步增强热处理对性能的改善作用。

Effects of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy

The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy during casting, homogenization, hot extrusion, T4, T6 and T4＋two-step aging were investigated. The mechanical properties of alloys with and without Ce were compared. The results showed that Ce had an obvious effect on the microstructure of ZM61-0.5Ce alloy by restricting the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and restraining the grain growth during extrusion and heat treatment subsequently. A new binary phase Mg 12 Ce was identified in ZM61-0.5Ce alloy, which distributed at grain boundaries and was broken to small particles distributed at grain boundaries along extrusion direction during extrusion. The mechanical properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were improved with the addition of Ce. The improved tensile properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were due to the finer grain sizes as compared to ZM61 alloy. However, the UTS and YS decreased severely and the elongation increased when ZM61-0.5Ce was treated by T6 and T4＋two-step aging. Brittle Mg 12 Ce phase, which was distributed at the grain boundary areas and cannot dissolve into the Mg matrix after solution treatment, became crack source under tensile stress.

热处理工艺对Mg-6Zn-2Sm-0.4Zr镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过在Mg-6Zn合金中添加0.4%Zr和2%Sm(质量分数)制备出一种新型Mg-6Zn-2Sm-0.4Zr合金;利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度及力学性能测试研究铸造Mg-6Zn-2Sm-0.4Zr合金在铸态、固溶、时效处理下的显微组织和力学性能的变化。结果表明:合金铸态组织主要由基体α-Mg、晶界处呈连续或半连续分布的(α-Mg+Mg_2Zn_3+Mg_(41)Sm_5)共晶和晶内孤立的点状相组成。合金在440和450℃固溶12~36 h时间范围内,随着时间和温度的增加,固溶效果逐渐增强。当在450℃固溶28 h时获得了较好的显微组织,抗拉强度为230 MPa,伸长率为9.58%。随后经200℃时效6~48 h后,合金的力学性能明显提高,时效强化效应随时间的延长呈先增加后减小的趋势,其中时效12 h时同时出现了抗拉强度和伸长率的峰值258 MPa和14.43%,比铸态的分别提高44 MPa和90.80%。

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy subjected to extrusion and T5 treatment were investigated using optical microscopy（OM）, X-ray diffractometer（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, electron back scattered diffraction（EBSD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, hardness tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that the as-cast alloy consisted of α（Mg）, Mn, Mg7Zn3, Mg2 Sn and Mg Sn Nd phases. Dynamic recrystallization has completed during the extrusion process and the average grain size was 7.2 μm. After T5 treatment, the strength increased obviously, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-extruded alloy were increased by 94 and 34 MPa, respectively. Microstructure characterization revealed that the improvement of strength was determined by the high number density of β′1 rods.

Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金热处理后的拉伸与晶间腐蚀性能

为了研究不同时效处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金性能的影响,研究了强化固溶后T6和T76时效处理对Al-6Zn-2M g-2Cu合金硬度、拉伸性能与晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,强化固溶后与经过T6时效处理的合金相比,T76时效处理后合金的硬度并无明显变化,但合金的抗拉强度下降了4.39%,伸长率则明显上升.经T6和T76时效处理后,合金的晶间腐蚀等级均为4级.两种时效状态下合金腐蚀速率均在0~1.5 h范围内急剧增大,之后开始下降.经过强化固溶与T76时效处理后,合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能得到明显改善.

Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr合金的热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu-0.25Cr铝合金进行高温等温压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300～500℃、应变速率为0.01～1 s-1条件下的流变行为,建立合金高温变形的本构方程,采用TEM分析变形过程中合金的组织特征。结果表明:合金变形抗力随变形温度的升高而下降,随应变速率升高而增大。在360～400℃范围内变形时,合金组织仅发生动态回复,当变形温度高于400℃以后,合金热变形以动态再结晶为主。应变速率在0.01～1 s-1范围内,不影响合金的变形软化机制,但对合金亚结构的影响较大,随应变速率的增加,位错密度增加,亚晶尺寸减少。此合金适宜的变形条件为变形温度380～400℃、应变速率0.1 s-1。

Sb对Mg-8Al-12Zn-2Si合金组织与性能的影响

采用X-ray衍射仪、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸试验机等,研究了Sb含量对Mg-8Al-12Zn-2Si铸态合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明,合金主要由α-Mg、β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Zn_(11)和Mg_2Si相组成。合金添加0.2%~0.8%Sb时,Mg_2Si颗粒由原来粗大的十字状、花瓣状和骨骼状逐渐转变为细小的颗粒及短棒状,最大颗粒尺寸由铸态的50μm减小至10μm;当Sb含量增加到1.0%时,Mg_2Si出现粗化,最大颗粒尺寸约30μm。相应地,合金的拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率出现先提高后降低,断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。

Sr对Mg-6Zn-2Al-2Ca合金显微组织的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和光学显微镜研究了Mg-6Zn-2Al-2Ca-xSr (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3)合金随Sr的含量变化组织形貌的演化规律。实验结果表明:0.5%Sr可以抑制β-Mg17Al12相的形成;Sr的加入,具有增加Mg-6Zn-2Al-2Ca液态金属成分过冷的能力,使胞状组织向树枝状组织发展,枝晶组织随Sr含量的增加而得到细化。当Sr含量达到3%时,形成非枝晶状组织。当Sr含量超过2%时,组织中板块状Mg17Sr2相尺寸明显增大,对组织的演化规律进行了讨论。

TEM microstructure of rapidly solidified Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce alloy

Rapidly solidified（RS） Mg-6Zn-1Y-1Ce ribbons were prepared by single roller melt-spinning technique.Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to characterize the microstructure of RS ribbons.The results show that there is high density of particles distributed within grains and at grain boundaries in the region near wheel side.The particle density is decreased in the middle region and free surface region.The alloy is predominantly composed of supersaturated--Mg solid solution,T phase and W phase;meanwhile,a few icosahedral quasicrystalline and Mg4Zn7 particles are also observed.The T phase is confirmed having a body-centered orthorhombic structure that is transformed from the body-centered tetragonal structure Mg12Ce phase due to the partial substitution of Mg atoms by Zn.

Constitutive modeling for dynamic recrystallization kinetics of Mg-4Zn-2Al-2Sn alloy

In order to have a better understanding of the hot deformation behavior of the as-solution-treated Mg-4 Zn-2 Sn-2 Al（ZAT422） alloy, a series of compression experiments with a height reduction of 60% were performed in the temperature range of 498-648 K and the strain rate range of 0.01-5 s～（-1） on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. Based on the regression analysis by Arrhenius type equation and Avrami type equation of flow behavior, the activation energy of deformation of ZAT422 alloy was determined as 155.652 k J/mol, and the constitutive equations for flow behavior and the dynamic recrystallization（DRX） kinetic model of ZAT422 alloy were established. Microstructure observation shows that when the temperature is as low as 498 K, the DRX is not completed as the true strain reaches 0.9163. However, with the temperature increasing to 648 K, the lower strain rate is more likely to result in some grains＇ abnormal growth.

Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金的热变形工艺研究

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上对Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金进行等温压缩试验,建立了该合金在变形温度为350～500℃、应变速率为1～10 s-1条件下的热加工图。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同变形程度下合金的组织和热裂纹,确定了适宜的变形参数。结果表明:Al-6Zn-2Mg-0.2Sc-0.1Zr合金高温变形的峰值应力随变形温度的升高而降低,其适宜的热加工温度和应变速率范围为:T>440℃,1.4 s-1<ε<3.5 s-1,单道次变形量小于60%。

回归再时效处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金力学性能及耐蚀性的影响

通过维氏硬度测试、拉伸测试、剥落腐蚀与晶间腐蚀试验、扫描电镜（SEM）与透射电镜（TEM）分析等手段,研究了回归再时效（RRA）处理对Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：经RRA处理后的Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金硬度、强度与单级时效（T6态）相当,均高于双级时效（T73态）。RRA 190℃×40 min处理,合金硬度达到最高,回归时间继续延长,硬度逐渐减小。Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金经不同时效处理后抗腐蚀性能由低到高依次为：T6、RRA 190℃×20 min、RRA 190℃×40 min、RRA 190℃×60 min、T73。RRA处理可保持Al-6Zn-2Mg-2Cu合金高强度的同时提高其抗腐蚀性能。经120℃×24 h＋190℃×40 min＋120℃×24 h的RRA处理后,合金硬度较高且腐蚀敏感性小,具有良好的综合性能。