双相合金Mg-8Li-1Al的等通道转角挤压 Ⅰ.挤压过程中的变形方式

以X射线衍射分析术为主要分析手段,探讨了双相合金Mg-8Li-1Al(质量分数, ％)在等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形过程中的变形方式. α相在第1道次ECAP过程中主要的变形方式是{1011}〈1012〉孪生,在随后道次的ECAP过程中主要变形方式为位错滑移,变形方式的转变主要是由于ECAP造成的组织细化效应;对于β相,各道次ECAP的主要变形方式均为位错滑移.

Effects of yttrium and strontium additions on as-cast microstructure of Mg-14Li-1Al alloys

Mg-14Li-1Al （LA141）, LA141-0.3Y, LA141-0.3Sr, and LA141-0.3Y-0.3Sr alloys were prepared in an induction furnace in the argon atmosphere. The microstructures of these alloys were investigated through scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results show that yttrium and/or strontium additions produce a strong grain refining effect in LA141 alloy. The mean grain sizes of the alloys with addition of Y and/or Sr are reduced remarkably from 600 to 500, 260, 230 μm, respectively. Al 2 Y, Al 4 Sr and Mg 17 Sr 2 phases with different morphologies are verified and exist inside the grain or at the grain boundaries, thus possibly act as heterogeneous nucleation sites and pin up grain boundaries, which restrain the grain growth.

冷轧Mg-9Li-1Zn合金的退火热处理工艺

以改善冷轧Mg-Li系合金的变形能力为目的,系统研究了冷轧变形后的Mg-9Li-1Zn合金的退火热处理工艺,分析了退火温度和退火时间对合金组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明：Mg-9Li-1Zn合金适宜的退火温度为280~300℃,退火温度过高会出现晶粒长大,表面脱锂等现象.300℃退火60 min后,合金的维氏硬度值为426.7 MPa,充分完成再结晶软化的合金在后续冷轧时总变形率可达70%.合金的退火时间以保证α相的充分球化及组织的均匀化为准则,实验中确定的最佳退火制度为300℃保温60 min.

Sr对Mg-9Li-3Al合金显微组织及高温力学性能的影响

试验研究了Sr对Mg-9Li-3Al合金挤压态显微组织和高温力学性能的影响。通过显微观察可知,元素Sr富集在晶界处以Al4Sr化合物的形式存在,并对Mg-9Li-3Al合金中α相具有良好的细化作用。在373 K温度下进行拉伸试验的结果表明,当Sr含量为2.5%时合金强度达到183.7 MPa,但伸长率有所下降。一方面由于Sr在晶界处的吸附作用使晶粒细化;另一方面Al4Sr相提高了合金的强度和耐热性能,但大量Al4Sr的存在会割裂基体,使强度降低。

Nd含量对Mg-11Li-1Al合金组织的影响

采用真空熔炼法制备Mg-11Li-1Al-xNd合金,利用金相显微镜、SEM、XRD、EDS等研究Nd对Mg-11Li-1Al合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,Nd元素的加入可以细化晶粒,使晶粒均匀化,合金硬度增大,加入3.0%左右的Nd,晶粒细化效果最佳,硬度最高。

Grain refinement and plastic formability of Mg-14Li-1Al alloy

Al-5Ti-1B master alloy was added into Mg-14Li-1Al(LA141)alloy and then LA141 sheets were prepared by extrusion and cold rolling.The effect of the addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on the grain size of LA141 alloy was investigated as well as the effects of the total reduction of cold rolling and the annealing temperature on microstructure,mechanical properties and plastic formability of the LA141 sheets.The results show that the optimal addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy into LA141 alloy is 1.25%(mass fraction)and LA141 alloy has the finest grains.With the increase of the total reduction of cold rolling,the grains of the as-rolled LA141 sheets were flattened gradually.A proper anneal temperature of 200℃ is obtained for the cold rolled LA141 sheets. Under this condition,microstructure of the LA141 sheets consists of fine and uniform equiaxed grains and has higher Erichsen cupping index(IE).

冷轧变形量对Mg-9Li-1Zn合金组织和性能的影响

采用显微组织观察、室温拉伸、硬度测试研究了冷轧变形量对Mg-9Li-1Zn合金在不同加工状态下显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:铸态Mg-9Li-1Zn合金组织为α-Mg和β-Li的两相混合组织。随着冷轧变形量的增加,合金中α-Mg相和β-Li相逐渐被拉长,两相取向性越来越明显。在变形量80%的合金中,α-Mg相和β-Li相的组织明显细化,呈细条状分布。随着冷轧变形量的增加,合金的抗拉强度、硬度逐渐升高,伸长率逐渐降低。变形量80%的合金抗拉强度达到197MPa,硬度达到74.3HV,但伸长率降到9.0%。合金冷轧后200℃×1 h退火处理,合金的塑性明显改善,80%变形量轧制合金退火后伸长率达到24.1%。

Effect of Ca addition on grain refinement of Mg–9Li–1Al alloy

The as-cast and as-extruded Mg–9Li–1Al–xCa alloys(x=0,0.2;wt%)were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2.The microstructures of the as-cast and as-extruded Mg–9Li–1Al–xCa alloys were observed to investigate the effect of calcium(Ca)element on the Mg–9Li–1Al(LA91)alloy,and the crystallographic calculations between Al_(2)Ca and the matrix(α-Mg andβ-Li phases)were examined on the basis of the edge-to-edge matching model.The experimental results indicate that the addition of 0.2 wt%Ca into LA91 alloy reduce the size of theα-Mg phases in the as-cast alloy and that ofβ-Li phases in the as-extruded alloy due to the Al_(2)Ca particles distributed inside the matrix.Crystallographic calculation results suggested that there is a good crystallographic matching between the matrix and Al_(2)Ca,which confirmed that Al_(2)Ca particles can act as a heterogeneous nucleation site for bothα-Mg andβ-Li phases and were effective grain refiners for LA91 alloy.

稀土微合金化对Mg-9Li-1Zn合金组织性能的影响

通过复合添加0.2%的Y+0.1%的Nd+0.05%的Gd(质量分数,下同)制备了轻质高强Mg-9Li-1Zn-RE合金(LZ91-RE),随后对其进行锻造和冷轧。采用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM对锻造态和冷轧态LZ91合金和LZ91-RE合金进行组织及物相分析,同时利用拉伸试验机进行力学性能测试。结果表明,LZ91合金组织由α-Mg和β-Li两相组成,添加多元稀土元素后LZ91合金中α相体积分数减少了26.5%,晶粒得到显著细化,同时原位析出了富Y、富Nd、Mg_(12)Nd及Mg_(3)RE稀土强化相,但存在局部偏聚现象;LZ91-RE合金经过大应变冷轧变形,稀土强化相被破碎细化且分布更加均匀。此外,与LZ91合金相比,锻造态的LZ91-RE合金抗拉强度比LZ91合金提高了13.9%。冷轧态的LZ91-RE合金的抗拉强度比LZ91合金提高了19%,而伸长率只下降了4.4%。

冷轧与退火对LA91合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

对热挤压态LA91合金进行了冷轧及退火处理,研究了不同冷轧变形量与退火温度对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,总轧制变形量为76.7%的LA91合金薄板具有较高的强度和良好的塑性（抗拉强度为177 MPa,伸长率为37.4%）。在200~300℃范围内退火,冷轧LA91合金发生回复和再结晶,β相逐渐变为等轴状,α相逐渐球状化。因此,随退火温度升高,合金薄板的抗拉强度先降低后升高,伸长率则先升高后降低。同一变形量下,合金中的α相再结晶温度略高于β相;经1h退火,不同变形量的冷轧LA91合金开始再结晶的温度略微不同,约为250℃,退火温度为300℃时,再结晶完成。