Modifying microstructures and tensile properties of Mg-Sm based alloy via extrusion ratio

Microstructure and tensile properties of a Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloy with various extrusion ratios(ERs)of 6.9,10.4 and 17.6 were systematically investigated.It was identified that,greater ER increased dynamic recrystallization(DRX)fraction and coarsened DRX grains,which further suggests weakened basal fiber texture for the studied alloy.This is mainly due to the rising temperature from massive deformation heat when hot-extrusion.As a result,greater ER corresponds to a decreased strength but improved ductility.Finally,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observations reveal that the dominant intermetallic phase,Mg_(3)Sm,is metastable,and it will transform into Mg_(41)Sm_(5)during extrusion with high-ER.This transformation leads to the accumulation of surplus Sm and Zn atoms,which induces the precipitation of Sm Zn_(3)phase at the surface of Mg_(41)Sm_(5)matrix.

Microstructure and tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn-Y alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the Mg-1.0%Sn-xY(x=1.5%,3.0%,3.5%,atom fraction)alloys extruded indirectly at 350℃ were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The mean grain sizes ofα-Mg matrix in the three extruded alloys are 6,8 and 12μm,respectively,slightly increasing with the addition of Y. The relationship between microstructure and strength was discussed in detail.The results show that the addition of Y has little effect on the grain refinement of the as-extruded Mg-Sn based alloys above.The only MgSnY phase is detected in the Mg-Sn-1.5%Y alloy, and the Sn3Y5 phase in the Mg-Sn-3.5%Y alloy,whereas both of them simultaneously exist in the Mg-Sn-3.0%Y alloy.The particle shape of MgSnY and Sn3Y5 phase,inherited from the solidification,has little change before and after hot extrusion.Mg-Sn-3.0%Y alloy has the highest ultimate tensile strength(UTS),305 MPa,by over 50%compared with that of the other two alloys.

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-Sn binary alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xSn(x=3,7 and 14,mass fraction,%) alloys extruded indirectly at 300℃ were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The grain size of theα-Mg matrix decreases from 220,160 and 93μm after the homogenization treatment to 28,3 and 16μm in the three alloys after extrusion,respectively.The results show that the grain refinement is most remarkable in the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy.At the same time,the amount of the Mg2Sn particles remarkably increases in the Mg-7Sn alloy with very uniform distribution in theα-Mg matrix.In contrast,the Mg2Sn phase inherited from the solidification with a large size is mainly distributed along grain boundary in the Mg-14Sn alloy.The tensile tests at room temperature show that the ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded Mg-7Sn alloy is the highest,i.e.,255 MPa,increased by 120%as compared with that of as-cast samples.

Microstructure, texture and tensile properties of Mg-10Sn alloys extruded in different conditions

Indirect extrusion of Mg-10%Sn (mass fraction) alloys was performed at three different working temperatures. The effect of working temperature on the microstructure, texture and tensile properties of the extruded alloys was investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a standard universal testing machine. Grain size, area fraction of second phase particles and texture of the alloys are found to be significantly influenced by working temperature. The grain size refinement is greatly dependent on processing conditions with the low working temperature being the most effective. While the high working temperature results in a coarser grain size and a stronger fiber texture and the reason for this phenomenon was examined in terms of second phase particle, grain type and dynamic recrystallization mechanism. Tested in the different conditions, the tensile strengths of the Mg-10Sn alloys extruded at the high working temperature are remarkably better than those of the other studied alloys. This significant improvement in tensile properties is mainly due to the particle strengthening and texture strengthening resulted from the more and finer primary dispersed particles and stronger texture, respectively.

Microstructure and Properties of Mg-8Li-3Al-1Y Alloy

Microstructure of as-cast and extruded Mg-8Li-1Al-1Y alloy specimens was analyzed with OM,SEM and XRD.Results show that as-cast specimens are composed of α phase(Mg),β phase(Li) and rod-like Al2Y compound.In the extruded specimens,the microstructure is refined and the β phase has the effect of coordination during deformation.After extruding process,the Al2Y compound distributes evenly in the extruding direction.The results of mechanical properties tests show that the strength and elongation are both improved after extruding deformation.

Improvement in tensile strength of extruded Mg-5Bi alloy through addition of Sn and its underlying strengthening mechanisms

Through an investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–5Bi–x Sn(BT5x, x = 0, 2, 4, and 6 wt%) alloys,this study demonstrates that the addition of Sn to an Mg–5Bi binary alloy significantly improves the tensile strength of the extruded alloy.All the extruded alloys exhibit a typical basal fiber texture and a partially dynamically recrystallized(DRXed) microstructure consisting of fine DRXed grains and coarse un DRXed grains. As the Sn content increases from 0 wt% to 6 wt%, the average size of the DRXed grains decreases from 4.2 to 2.8 μm owing to the increase in the amount of precipitates via their grain-boundary pinning effect. The extruded B5 and BT52 alloys contain numerous Mg_(3)Bi_(2) precipitates, but their size and number density are smaller and higher, respectively, in the latter alloy.Numerous Mg_(2)Sn precipitates as well as Mg_(3)Bi_(2)precipitates are present in the extruded BT54 and BT56 alloys, and the number density of the Mg_(2)Sn precipitates is higher in the latter alloy because of its higher Sn content. The addition of 2 wt% Sn to the B5 alloy significantly improves the yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of the extruded alloy—by 76 and 57 MPa, respectively. This drastic improvement is the combined outcome of enhanced grain-boundary hardening, precipitation hardening, and solid-solution hardening effects induced by the refined DRXed grains, numerous precipitates, and Sn solute atoms, respectively. The further addition of 2 wt% or 4 wt% Sn to the BT52 alloy leads to moderate increments in the YS and UTS of the extruded alloy. Specifically, each addition of 2 wt% Sn increases the YS and UTS by ~26 and ~20 MPa, respectively, which is attributed mainly to the additional precipitation hardening effect induced by the Mg_(2)Sn precipitates.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-14Li-1Al-0.3La alloys produced by two-pass extrusion

The microstructure of as-cast and extruded Mg-14 Li-1 Al-（0, 0.3） La alloys was examined with XRD,OM, SEM, and EDS. The mechanical properties of the extruded specimens with and without La were compared. The results show that La addition has an obvious effect on the microstructure of the as-cast LA141 alloy by reducing the average grain size from 600 to 220 μm. β-Li and LiMgAl2 phases are observed in both alloys, and long-rod-shaped Al2 La phase is also observed in the La containing alloy. After extrusion, Al2 La phases are short-rod-shaped and distribute evenly in the alloy. LAl41-0.3 La alloy has higher elongation（34%）, which is attributed to refined microstructure and weak texture due to shortrod-like Al2 La phase.

High-cycle fatigue behavior of Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloy under different states

In this study,the tensile and high-cycle fatigue properties of as-cast,solid solution treated and as-extruded Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloy are investigated.The results show that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of as-cast alloy is 198.1 MPa and 222.5 MPa,which are improved to 274.7 MPa and 321.7 MPa,282.4 MPa and 319.3 MPa after solid solution and extrusion treatment,respectively.The high-cycle fatigue strength(at 10^(7)cycles,R=-1)of as-cast studied alloy is 65 MPa,which is improved to 90 MPa and 105 MPa after solid solution and extrusion treatment,respectively.The improvement of fatigue property of the solid solution treated alloy is mainly due to the lattice distortion caused by solid solution hindering the crack propagation.However,the improvement of fatigue property of the as-extruded alloy is mainly due to that the refined grains,stacked dislocations and dispersed secondary particles impede the crack propagation.

挤压比对AZ91镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了挤压比对热挤压AZ91镁合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:热挤压可以显著细化AZ91镁合金的晶粒,而且随着挤压比的增加,晶粒变得更加细小;增大挤压比也可以提高AZ91镁合金在不同实验温度下的抗拉强度和屈服强度,且经过3种挤压比挤压的AZ91镁合金在150℃时均呈现最高的抗拉强度和屈服强度;此外,经不同挤压比挤压的AZ91镁合金的伸长率均随实验温度的升高而增加.通过拉伸断口形貌的扫描电镜分析,确定了热挤压AZ91镁合金在室温拉伸时均表现为解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,而在较高温度下拉伸时则基本呈现韧性断裂特征.

稀土钇和钕对挤压ZK60合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

研究了添加稀土Y 1wt%和Nd 1wt%对挤压态ZK60合金组织及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,稀土的添加可有效细化ZK60镁合金的挤压态组织,Y、Nd复合添加的细化效果更为显著,平均晶粒直径为2-3μm;稀土Nd的添加使ZK60合金的析出相尺寸增大,复合添加稀土Y、Nd后,ZK60合金中析出相数量增多、尺寸减小且分布均匀;Y、Nd的复合添加可使ZK60合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度分别提高8.4%与31.2%,这归因于复合添加Y、Nd形成的细晶强化、固溶强化及析出相强化的综合影响。

添加Mn、Sc元素对Mg-9Gd-4Y合金组织和力学性能的影响

对MgGdYMn和MgGdYMnSc合金挤压成形,并对挤压合金热处理后的试样进行室温和高温拉伸实验。用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法,研究添加Mn、Sc元素对该合金组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加Mn元素能有效地提高Mg-9Gd-4Y合金形变细化晶粒的能力以及T6处理提高室温综合性能。添加Sc元素能提高合金的室温伸长率,但强度有所降低。添加Mn的合金在300℃拉伸时强度为200MPa,在400℃拉伸时显示出超塑性行为,而再添加Sc的合金在300℃拉伸时有超塑性表现。同时添加Mn和Sc的合金室温和高温强度下降。

热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

为满足更多的结构件的应用需求,采用热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金进行变形,研究了挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:挤压可以显著细化AZ31合金显微组织,且挤压比越大,晶粒尺寸越细小,力学性能得到较大提高;挤压温度也影响AZ31镁合金组织性能,在实验中发现,在350℃时AZ31镁合金组织均匀,力学性能较为良好。

往复挤压对高硅铝合金组织及性能影响

采用有限元模拟和物理模拟相结合的方法对高硅铝合金的往复挤压变形过程进行研究,并对其变形后的显微组织和性能进行分析。结果表明,变形后坯料外侧区域的应变量高于中间区域;随着挤压道次的增加,坯料的平均等效应变稳步提升。往复挤压使坯料的晶粒及硅颗粒明显的均匀细化,且在变形后坯料的外侧区域更为显著。坯料的强度及塑性在往复挤压后都有较大的提升,初始坯料的抗拉强度为140 MPa,伸长率为2.4%,经3道次往复挤压后,高硅铝合金的抗拉强度最高提升了142%,达到了199 MPa,伸长率最高提升了296%,达到了7.1%。

挤压温度和挤压比对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

本文研究了挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31镁合金热挤压材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,挤压可以显著细化AZ31合金的显微组织,挤压比越大,晶粒尺寸越细小,力学性能得到较大提高;随着挤压温度的升高,晶粒有所长大,抗拉强度基本呈减小趋势,而延伸率则先升后降;挤压比为35、挤压温度为350℃时,可得到细化均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能。

挤压态4032铝合金力学性能及断裂行为分析

文章以反向热挤压大型4032合金挤压棒为研究对象,对其距径向不同部位的拉伸试棒进行性能测试,并利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对拉伸断口及其下端组织进行观察,探寻了合金中Si颗粒和富Ni、Fe相对断裂方式及力学性能的影响。

热挤压及后续热处理对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

作为一种轻质工程结构材料,镁合金在汽车工业中的应用越来越广泛,如何安全使用镁合金已受到人们的普遍关注。以工程上广泛应用的AZ91镁合金为研究材料,探讨了热挤压以及后续热处理所引起的AZ91镁合金的微观组织演化,确定了不同加工处理状态的AZ91镁合金在不同实验温度下的抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2和断裂延伸率δ。

热挤压Mg-5%Zn-0.6%Zr-3%Gd合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

通过进行显微组织观察与室温拉伸性能测试,研究了热挤压Mg-5%Zn-0.6%Zr-3%Gd合金的显微组织及拉伸性能。结果表明,随着挤压比的增大,热挤压期间动态再结晶效应增强,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度以及伸长率增大;经过时效处理后,合金中析出细小的第二相粒子,合金的屈服强度与伸长率的提高幅度较大,而抗拉强度略有提高。拉伸断口形貌观察与分析表明,挤压态和热处理态Mg-5%Zn-0.6%Zr-3%Gd合金的断裂方式都是脆性和韧性混合断裂,前者以脆性断裂为,后者以韧性断裂为主。

挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg—0．6％Si—xSc合金的显微组织与力学性能

本文针对挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg—O．6％Si-xSc合金的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究，以确定稀土元素Sc和T6处理对该系合金性能的影响规律。结果表明，加入适量的元素Sc可以有效地细化挤压变形Al0．8％Mg-0．6％Si—xSc合金的组织，提高其室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率；经过T6处理后，Al—08％Si-0．6％Si—xSc舍金的抗拉强度和屈服强度可得到显著提高；挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg～O．6％Si～xSc合金在拉伸加载条件下主要呈现韧性断裂特征。

停放时间及拉伸率对6061铝合金挤压型材力学性能的影响

研究了采用不同停放时间及拉伸率对6061铝合金挤压型材力学性能、组织的影响。实验结果表明,随着停放时间的增加,未拉伸挤压型材的T4力学性能呈现增加趋势,但停放1 d时性能并不满足标准要求;对于正常拉伸或过拉伸挤压型材,停放15 d获得最大性能,随后呈现下降趋势。随着拉伸率的增加,挤压型材的断后伸长率并无太大变化,抗拉强度呈现浮动趋势,屈服强度逐渐增加。通过研究停放时间及拉伸率对挤压型材T4力学性能的影响规律发现,对于该型号6061铝合金而言,停放时间不建议超过15 d,同时对于未进行拉伸矫直的型材而言停放时间应大于5 d。

反向挤压Mg-6Sn合金的组织、织构和拉伸性能与变形条件间的依赖关系(英文)

通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电子材料试验机研究了反向挤压Mg-6Sn合金的组织、织构和拉伸性能与挤压条件(挤压速度和初始坯料温度)间的依赖关系。研究结果表明:反向挤压Mg-6Sn合金的晶粒尺寸、再结晶体积分数和动态析出第二相体积分数在很大程度上取决于反向挤压参数,随着挤压速度和初始坯料温度的升高,合金的织构强度减弱。通过控制挤压速度和初始坯料温度,经高温挤压后的合金表现出最高的抗拉强度。对于商业AZ31镁合金而言,合金的强度随着挤压温度的升高而降低。本研究的Mg-6Sn合金经高温挤压后的抗拉强度和经低温挤压后的AZ31合金相当。上述研究结果表明Mg-6Sn合金是一种适合于高速度挤压的新型合金系。