Current progress of research on heat -resistant Mg alloys: A review

With the increasing attention received by lightweight metals,numerous essential fields have increased requirements for mag-nesium(Mg)alloys with good room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties.However,the high-temperature mechanic-al properties of commonly used commercial Mg alloys,such as AZ91D,deteriorate considerably with increasing temperatures.Over the past several decades,extensive efforts have been devoted to developing heat-resistant Mg alloys.These approaches either inhibit the gen-eration of thermally unstable phases or promote the formation of thermally stable precipitates/phases in matrices through solid solution or precipitation strengthening.In this review,numerous studies are systematically introduced and discussed.Different alloy systems,includ-ing those based on Mg–Al,Mg–Zn,and Mg–rare earth,are carefully classified and compared to reveal their mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms.The emphasis,limitations,and future prospects of these heat-resistant Mg alloys are also pointed out and dis-cussed to develop heat-resistant Mg alloys and broaden their potential application areas in the future.

Experimental Study on Machining Shape Hole of Ni-based Super-heat-resistant Alloy

Inconel 718 and Waspaloy, Nickel-based super-heat-resistant alloy, are high-strength, thermal-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy that are widely used in parts of gas turbines and airplane engines. Due to their extremely tough and thermal-resistant nature, they are well known as materials that are difficult to cut. Shape holes on a disc of an aircraft engine, made of Ni-based super-heat-resistant alloy, are required with good surface integrity and geometric accuracy. This kind of shape hole is produced by EDM (Electro-discharge machining) currently. It is necessary to investigate an alternative machining process to reduce the process time and improve the surface quality. This paper presents an experimental study on the machining methods for the shape hole of Ni-base super-heat-resistant alloy Inconel 718 and Waspaloy. The feasibility using milling or/and grinding as an alternative for currently EDM process to machine shape holes is assessed by observing the wear and breakage of the cutting tools and grinder and analyzing the hole surface integrity and geometric accuracy. The results show that the milling process of Inconel 718 and Waspaloy can produce shape holes with acceptable surface roughness and geometric accuracy efficiently. The machined Waspaloy shape holes reveal a slight decrease tendency in section dimension from the top of the its bottom. There is a larger deviation from the nominal profile at the segment with smaller radius. A thin softened surface layer with thickness smaller than 60 μm occurs on the machined Waspaloy shape holes. The softening and work hardening become remarkable with the progress of tool wear.

Mechanical properties and tribological behavior of a cast heat-resisting copper based alloy

Mechanical properties and tribological behavior of a novel cast heat resisting copper based alloy are investigated. The corresponding properties of a commercial aluminum bronze C95500 (ASTM B30) are compared with the alloy. The results show that the alloy possesses better mechanical properties and tribological behaviors than that of C95500 at elevated temperature. The tensile strength, elongation and hardness at 500℃ are 470MPa, 2.5% and HB220, respectively. The wear rate of the developed alloy at ambient and elevated temperature is about one sixth and one fortieth of that of C95500, respectively. The alloy is very suitable for ma nufacturing heat resisting and wear resisting parts. Major strengthening mechanisms for the alloy are solution strengthening and the second phase strengthening.

In vitro degradation resistance of glucose and L-cysteine-bioinspired Schiff-base anodic Ca−P coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy

A Schiff base(a compound containing a C=N bond)induced anodic Ca−P coating was prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy in a mixed solution of CaCl_(2) and KH_(2)PO_(4) at 60℃ in the presence of glucose and L-cysteine.The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were characterized using FE-SEM,FT-IR,XRD,and XPS.The in vitro degradation resistance of the coated samples was evaluated via potentiodynamic polarization(PDP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and hydrogen evolution test.The experimental results show that the Ca−PSchiff base coating is composed of CaHPO_(4)(DCPA)and hydroxyapatite(HA),whereas HA is not present in the Ca−P coating.The Ca−P_(Schiff base) coating thickness is about 2 times that of Ca−P coating(Ca−P coating:(9.13±4.20)μm and Ca−P_(Schiff base):(18.13±5.78)μm).The corrosion current density of the Ca−P_(Schiff base) coating is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the Ca−P coating.The formation mechanism of the Ca−P_(Schiff base) is proposed.

Effects of aging treatment processes on microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ63 casting magnesium alloy

The effects of three different aging treatment processes,namely single-stage,double-stage,and reverse double-stage aging treatment processes,on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ63(Mg-6Al-3Zn-0.25Mn)casting magnesium alloy were investigated and compared.The results indicate that the microstructures of all the aged alloys under the three treatment processes are mainly composed ofα-Mg,Mg17Al12),and Al4Mn phases,indicating that the double-stage and reverse double-stage aging treatments have no obvious effect on the type of alloy phases.However,as compared with the single-stage and double-stage processes,the reverse double-stage process has a great effect on the quantity of the Mg17Al12phases.After the reverse double-stage aging treatment,which results in a stronger drive for decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution,the number of Mg17Al12phases precipitated in the grains significantly increases.In addition,as compared with the single-stage aged alloy,the tensile properties at room temperature for both the double-stage and reverse double-stage aged alloys are significantly improved.Among them,the reverse double-stage aged alloy achieves the highest tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of 295 MPa,167 MPa,and 8.6%,respectively.

Progress in Research on Vanadate-Based Coatings on Corrosion Resistance

Vanadate, usually used as the corrosion resistant inhibitor for the paint systems, is one of the substances that have been proposed as alternative to toxic chromate for the corrosion protection. In this paper, the possibility of vanadate passivating from its chemical properties was introduced firstly. Then, the progress and examples in research on vanadate conversion coatings on the corrosion resistance were summarized. And the substrates discussed here contained aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys and so on. Finally, the research tendency of vanadate-based coatings was discussed.

Influence of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of hot rolled Mg5Gd alloys

The influence of heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of rolled Mg5 Gd alloys in 3.5 wt.% Na Cl solution saturated with Mg(OH)2 was characterized by immersion test, electrochemical test, scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM) and corrosion morphology analysis in order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. The results showed that solution treatment reduced the corrosion rate of the Mg5 Gd significantly, resulting in relatively uniform corrosion and shallow corrosion cavities due to the dissolution of Cd-containing particles. The following aging process could further decrease the corrosion rate. Precipitation of nano-sized Cd-containing particles did not cause apparent micro-galvanic corrosion, which could be attributed to the formation of a protective corrosion product film fully covering the particles.

热处理对生物用稀土Mg-Zn合金性能的影响

通过合金化,制备了一种新型的Mg_(95)Zn_(2)Nd_(0.5)YlZr_(0.5)Ca_(1)合金,并对合金进行热处理。采用OM、SEM和EDS分析合金的微观组织,使用电子拉伸试验机、维氏硬度计分析合金微观组织对力学性能的影响。通过浸泡试验,分析热处理对合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:合金元素的存在,细化了合金的晶粒尺寸,热处理使铸态合金的晶粒尺寸发生一定的长大,组织均匀,合金元素的溶入能够改善含Ca镁合金的塑性,有利于其综合性能的提高。由于晶内第二相的溶入,热处理能显著提高合金的耐蚀性能,腐蚀速率降为铸态合金的一半左右,利于促进合金的实际应用。

热处理对Mg-Zn-Al合金力学性能的影响

研究了固溶处理复合人工时效热处理对所设计的高锌镁合金力学性能的影响,并采用光镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析等研究手段对合金试样进行分析。结果表明,热处理后弥散析出的强化相!相(Al_2Mg_5Zn_2)和τ相Mg_(32)(Al,Zn)_(49)提高了高锌镁合金的力学性能,尤其是提高了屈服强度。

卡瓦下座用表面改性可溶性镁合金耐腐蚀性能研究

采用可溶性镁合金制作的节流器卡瓦下座,在井下服役过程中常因其降解速率过快而引起节流器失效,为此对可溶性镁合金表面进行了改性。为了解可溶性镁合金表面改性后的耐腐蚀性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了表面改性镁合金腐蚀前后表面的微观结构,采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪分析了表面改性镁合金表腐蚀前后的物相结构,通过电化学试验和浸泡失重试验评价了其在pH值为3.0,7.2和9.0模拟井液中的耐腐蚀性能。与镁合金相比,在不同pH值的模拟井液中,表面改性镁合金的腐蚀电位均正移了约1.1 V,腐蚀电流密度均降低了3个数量级,腐蚀速率均降低了约3 mm/a;与pH值为7.2的模拟井液相比,在pH值为3.0的模拟井液中,表面改性镁合金的电荷转移电阻从9.13×10^(6)Ω·cm^(2)降至1.91×10^(6)Ω·cm^(2)。研究表明,与镁合金相比,表面改性镁合金在pH值为3.0,7.2和9.0模拟井液中的耐腐蚀性能均显著提高,但其在酸性模拟井液中的耐腐蚀性能大程度降低,易降解。对表面改性镁合金卡瓦下座节流器进行了现场试验,试验表明,表面改性镁合金卡瓦下座的承压性能、耐腐蚀性能满足要求,且易于打捞。研究和现场试验结果均表明,表面改性镁合金的耐腐蚀性能满足可溶性卡瓦下座的要求,为其应用于井下节流器提供了依据。

AZ31镁合金表面磁控溅射铁基复合涂层的耐蚀性和生物相容性

采用射频磁控溅射方法在AZ31镁合金表面制备铁基复合涂层。借助XRD、XPS及SEM对涂层的物相、元素组成和微观形貌进行表征,采用模拟体液浸泡和电化学测试手段检测涂层的耐蚀性。结果显示,相较于AZ31基体,复合涂层AZ31的腐蚀电位提升了约170 mV,腐蚀电流密度则降低了2个数量级。将样品在RPMI1640培养基中的浸提液与人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)进行共培养,通过CCK-8实验评价其细胞毒性,发现复合涂层AZ31的毒性最小,内皮细胞具有较高的增殖率,铁基复合涂层AZ31镁合金具有良好的耐蚀性和生物相容性。

AZ31镁合金基Cu-MOF-SA超疏水膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

腐蚀是影响镁及其合金大规模应用的关键技术难题之一,因可有效隔离金属基底与腐蚀介质的直接接触,从而降低腐蚀速率,制备超疏水表面成为提高镁合金耐蚀性的有效途径。通过一步电沉积方法,在AZ31镁合金基底上成功制备了铜-金属有机骨架-硬脂酸(Cu-MOF-SA)超疏水膜,并对超疏水膜的耐腐蚀性、化学稳定性和耐热性进行了综合研究。结果表明,表面的水接触角可达158°,超疏水膜覆盖的试样在3.5%NaCl溶液中表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能,相比AZ31镁合金基底,其腐蚀电位正移了0.24 V,腐蚀电流密度降低了1个数量级。在pH值为1~14的溶液中浸润24 h后,超疏水膜的水接触角仍可达135°以上,浸泡在pH=1的溶液24 h的超疏水膜的腐蚀电位比AZ31镁合金基底高0.21 V。在20~90℃空气中保温24 h后,超疏水膜的水接触角仍保持在154°以上,80℃下保温24 h后其腐蚀电位比AZ31镁合金基底的高0.22 V,腐蚀电流密度比AZ31镁合金基底的小1个数量级。结果表明,本研究制备的Cu-MOF-SA疏水膜具有良好的超疏水性和耐腐蚀性。

Mg-Zn系耐热铸造镁合金的最新研究进展

综述了Mg-Zn系耐热铸造镁合金的最新研究进展,并分析了高温蠕变机理及其设计思路,重点介绍了Cu、Zr、Al及稀土元素RE和碱土元素(Ca、Sr)在Mg-Zn系耐热镁合金中的作用,讨论了合金元素使用中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。

Mg-Zn系耐热铸造镁合金的最新研究进展

综述Mg-Zn系耐热铸造镁合金的最新研究进展,并分析了高温蠕变机理及其设计思路,重点介绍了Cu、Zr、Al及稀土元素RE和碱土元素(Ca、Sr)在Mg-Zn系耐热镁合金中的作用行为,讨论了合金元素使用中存在的问题和今后的发展方向.

VW63Z镁合金微弧氧化-电泳复合膜层的制备及其性能研究

[目的]VW63Z稀土镁合金的耐蚀性有待提高。[方法]先在由35~40 g/L KF和2~8 g/L NaOH组成的电解液中以电压350~380 V、电流密度5.0~6.0 A/dm^(2)、频率60~100 Hz和占空比40%~50%的条件微弧氧化10~14 min,再在立邦POWERNICS 301(ZY)GRAY型涂料中以电压80~100 V电泳3~4 min,在VW63Z镁合金表面制备了复合膜层,通过形貌观察、厚度测量、硬度检测、耐水性测试、耐酸性测试、耐碱性测试、结合力检测及中性盐雾试验对其性能进行评价。[结果]微弧氧化-电泳复合膜层结构致密,厚度高达38.6~41.8μm,铅笔硬度至少8H,耐水性、耐酸性和耐碱性良好,附着力0级,耐中性盐雾试验长达1632 h。[结论]微弧氧化-电泳复合工艺可有效提高VW63Z稀土镁合金的耐蚀性。

大型高强耐热镁合金构件的热处理工艺研究

经过拉伸试验和微观组织观察,对合金成分为Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr的大型高强耐热镁合金构件进行了性能与组织分析。结果显示,热处理工艺对改善其性能和微观组织有着显著的影响,在多种热处理工艺中确定了最佳的工艺参数组合:430℃×8h+225℃×16h。在此工艺条件下,合金内部发生了动态再结晶,晶粒明显细化,极大提高了其抗拉强度。随着时效增加,灰色LPSO相的数量逐渐增加,进一步增强了合金的力学性能;合金轴向抗拉强度为332MPa,延伸率为11.5%;环向抗拉强度为375MPa,延伸率为12.3,这些结果充分展示了镁合金在高温环境下的卓越力学性能和良好的耐热性。

多种高温金属材料在超临界二氧化碳中的腐蚀行为

超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环发电是一种新兴的发电技术,保证其中高温材料的抗腐蚀性能满足要求是设备安全运行的必要前提。该文研究3种耐高温材料P92、Sanicro25、Inconel625在600℃、25MPa超临界二氧化碳中的腐蚀行为。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、原子力显微镜以及辉光放电光谱仪对腐蚀产物进行表征。结果表明:P92形成了较为疏松、多孔洞的双层氧化膜结构;Sanicro25和Inconel625则形成致密的Cr_(2)O_(3)氧化膜。P92的氧化层有明显的孔洞形成,而氧化层下方基体发生渗碳;Sanicro25和Inconel625氧化层下方则有明显的贫Cr现象发生。Sanicro25和Inconel625抗腐蚀性能和抗渗碳能力明显优于P92。同时,基于“空洞诱导双层氧化膜形成机理”,指出合理的Cr元素含量是预防渗碳、保证氧化膜致密性的关键因素之一。结果可为超临界二氧化碳循环机组的选材和腐蚀防护提供一定参考和借鉴。

高参数超超临界燃煤机组汽轮机高中压转子用材研究进展

650℃及以上等级高参数燃煤发电技术已成为火电机组的主要技术发展方向,而高温合金等新材料的选用也成为关键部件材料更替的必然趋势。其中,转子合金的设计研发与制备成型成为机组热通道关键部件用材研发的主要难点之一。由于高温合金与传统高中压转子用铁素体耐热钢存在明显的理化与力学性能差异,因此对研发过程中新材料的评价分析带来挑战。通过对以往超临界与超超临界燃煤机组高中压转子服役工况进行分析,并结合关于传统铁素体耐热钢评价方案及性能指标的探讨,探索了高中压转子用高温合金的性能评价优化方案,进而为新材料的设计与评估提供借鉴。

复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件铸造工艺研究

随着航天器制造技术轻量化的发展,镁合金的应用范围不断扩大,高强耐热镁合金作为高性能镁合金的代表,可以满足航天器轻量化的需求。本文通过对某型号复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件进行铸造工艺设计,对生产过程中铸件产生的缺陷进行分析并优化铸造工艺,优化后的铸件经荧光及X光检测合格。研究表明,铸件内外部冷速差是导致铸件产生裂纹的主要原因。铸件合格后对铸件本体进行T6热处理,结果表明本体的高低温力学性能优异,可以满足减重、高强耐热的需求。