伴有焦虑症状双相抑郁患者认知功能损害与GRIN2B基因启动子区DNA甲基化相关性研究

目的探索伴有焦虑症状双相抑郁患者认知功能与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体2B亚基(glutamate iono-tropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B,GRIN2B)基因启动子区各CpG位点甲基化水平的相关性。方法根据汉密尔顿焦虑量表(14-item Hamilton anxiety rating scale,HAMA)评分将31例双相抑郁患者分为焦虑组15例和非焦虑组16例,同期选取16名健康对照。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、数值广度测验(digital span test,DST)、连线测试A部分(trail making test A,TMT-A)、斯特鲁普色词测验(Stroop color and word test,SCWT)评估3组总体认知功能、注意力及执行控制、信息处理速度、执行功能等认知功能维度,采用Massarray质谱法检测所有受试者外周血GRIN2B基因启动子区各CpG位点的DNA甲基化水平。结果3组GRIN2B基因启动子区DNA甲基化水平差异性位点为CpG3、CpG5、CpG7、CpG10、CpG12(P<0.05),其中,焦虑组CpG12甲基化水平低于非焦虑组(36.23%±16.41%vs.50.20%±19.79%,P<0.05)。偏相关分析显示,焦虑组患者中较差的命名能力与GRIN2B基因CpG4低甲基化水平相关(r=0.670,P=0.034),较差的执行功能与CpG6低甲基化水平相关(r=0.926,P<0.001),较差的注意力与GRIN2B基因CpG8高甲基化水平相关(r=-0.810,P=0.025),较差的言语记忆与CpG9高甲基化水平相关(r=-0.810,P<0.001),较差的抽象能力与CpG10高甲基化水平相关(r=-0.756,P=0.011)。结论GRIN2B基因启动子区DNA甲基化水平与伴有焦虑症状双相抑郁患者认知功能损害可能有关联,与双相抑郁患者焦虑症状的产生也可能有关联。

Non-SMC condensin Ⅰ complex subunit D2 and non-SMC condensin Ⅱ complex subunit D3 induces inflammation via the IKK/NF-κB pathway in ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic,nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease with undefined pathogenesis.Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2(NCAPD2)and non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3(NCAPD3)play pivotal roles in chromosome assembly and segregation during both mitosis and meiosis.To date,there has been no relevant report about the functional role of NCAPD2 and NCAPD3 in UC.AIM To determine the level of NCAPD2/3 in intestinal mucosa and explore the mechanisms of NCAPD2/3 in UC.METHODS Levels of NCAPD2/3 in intestinal tissue were detected in 30 UC patients and 30 healthy individuals with in situ hybridization(ISH).In vitro,NCM60 cells were divided into the NC group,model group,si-NCAPD2 group,si-NCAPD3 group and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 group.Inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA,IKK and NF-κB were evaluated by western blot,and IKK nucleation and NF-κB volume were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay.RESULTS Compared with expression in healthy individuals,NCAPD2 and NCAPD3 expression in intestinal tissue was significantly upregulated(P<0.001)in UC patients.Compared with levels in the model group,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-αin the si-NCAPD2,si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 groups were significantly downregulated(P<0.01).IKK and NF-κB protein expression in the si-NCAPD2,si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 groups was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Moreover,IKK nucleation and NF-κB volume were suppressed upon si-NCAPD2,si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 transfection.CONCLUSION NCAPD2/3 is highly expressed in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active UC.Overexpression of NCAPD2/3 promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by modulating the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Propofol effectively inhibits lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats via downregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit expression

Status epilepticus was induced via intraperitoneal injection of lithium-pilocarpine.The inhibitory effects of propofol on status epilepticus in rats were judged based on observation of behavior,electroencephalography and 24-hour survival rate.Propofol（12.5-100 mg/kg） improved status epilepticus in a dose-dependent manner,and significantly reduced the number of deaths within 24 hours of lithium-pilocarpine injection.Western blot results showed that,24 hours after induction of status epilepticus,the levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A and 2B subunits were significantly increased in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Propofol at 50 mg/kg significantly suppressed the increase in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit levels,but not the increase in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A subunit levels.The results suggest that propofol can effectively inhibit status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine.This effect may be associated with downregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit expression after seizures.

ATP合酶亚基d参与海藻糖代谢调控棉铃虫幼虫变态的分子机理

【目的】本研究旨在解析ATP合酶亚基d(ATP synthase subunit d, ATPs-d)参与海藻糖代谢调控棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫发育和变态中的功能及分子机理。【方法】PCR扩增棉铃虫HaATPs-d的开放阅读框,并利用生物信息学方法对其序列及系统发育进行分析;利用qRT-PCR检测HaATPs-d在5龄蜕皮期幼虫和6龄幼虫表皮、中肠和脂肪体中及对20-羟基蜕皮酮(20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E)(0.1 mg/mL)响应的6龄幼虫脂肪体和表皮中的表达量;利用荧光拍照分析HaATPs-d在草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda卵巢细胞系Sf9细胞中的亚细胞定位;采用酵母双杂交分析与HaATPs-d互作的蛋白;对棉铃虫6龄幼虫注射dsHaATPs-d,分析RNAi降低HaATPs-d的表达量对幼虫发育及变态和中肠中可溶性海藻糖酶活性和海藻糖含量的影响。【结果】棉铃虫HaATPs-d(GenBank登录号:LOC110375576)的开放阅读框长525 bp,编码174个氨基酸并具有较高的保守性,与草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾S.litura中的ATPs-d亲缘关系较近。HaATPs-d的表达高峰出现在6龄第3天幼虫表皮中,在中肠和肪体中的表达量均以在5龄蜕皮期幼虫中的最高。与对照相比,20E(0.1 mg/mL)显著上调6龄幼虫脂肪体和表皮中HaATPs-d的表达量。HaATPs-d是细胞质蛋白。与注射dsGFP对照组比较,HaATPs-d与棉铃虫可溶性海藻糖酶直接结合。棉铃虫6龄幼虫中敲低HaATPs-d的表达量导致幼虫发育迟缓,幼虫体重下降,幼虫死亡率升高,化蛹率和成虫羽化率降低,中肠中可溶性海藻糖酶活性显著下降和海藻糖含量显著上升。【结论】HaATPs-d通过与棉铃虫可溶性海藻糖酶的直接结合控制幼虫体内可溶性海藻糖酶性和海藻糖含量,进而影响幼虫变态中的糖源,最终控制幼虫的变态。

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 regulates neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of schizophrenia-like mice

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction is the basis of pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor impairs learning and memory abilities and induces pathological changes in the brain. Previous studies have paid little attention to the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NR1) in neurogenesis in the hippocampus of schizophrenia. A mouse model of schizophrenia was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg MK-801, once a day, for 14 days. In N-methyl-D-aspartate-treated mice, N-methyl-D-aspartate was administered by intracerebroventricular injection in schizophrenia mice on day 15. The number of NR1-, Ki67- or BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Our data showed the number of NR1-immunoreactive cells increased along with the decreasing numbers of BrdU- and Ki67-immunoreactive cells in the schizophrenia groups compared with the control group. N-methyl-D-aspartate could reverse the above changes. These results indicated that NR1 can regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of schizophrenia mice, supporting NR1 as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of schizophrenia. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Ningxia Medical University, China (approval No. 2014-014) on March 6, 2014.

海洛因诱导大鼠伏隔核NMDA受体亚基对GABA表达的影响

目的:研究大鼠伏隔核(NAc)在海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱(CPP)状态及戒断状态下,NMDA受体亚基NR2B和NR2C对GABA表达的调控,探索GABA能神经元上NR2B和NR2C亚基在海洛因诱导中的作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和海洛因诱导组。海洛因诱导组又分为海洛因诱导CPP状态和海洛因戒断状态。采用海洛因小剂量递增法皮下连续注射7 d,建立海洛因诱导CPP模型,再自然戒断7 d,免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠伏隔核GABA和NR2B、NR2C亚基的位置关系。结果:采用小剂量递增法连续注射7 d海洛因,大鼠形成了稳定的海洛因诱导CPP模型。免疫荧光染色结果可见,各组大鼠伏隔核均有GABA、NR2B和NR2C表达,且GABA与NR2B及NR2C受体均有共表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,海洛因成瘾状态大鼠伏隔核GABA表达量明显高于对照组和戒断状态,具显著性差异(P<0.01)。戒断状态大鼠GABA表达量最低。结论:GABA的表达变化受NMDA受体亚基活性的影响;NR2B亚基对GABA的调控作用可能参与了海洛因依赖的复燃。

Subcellular distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit 1 in neural stem cells within subventricular zone of adult rats

The subcellular localization of N-methyI-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit 1 in neural stem cells of the subventricular zone of adult rats was detected using electron microscopy, following immunohistochemistry and immunogold-silver double staining. Results confirmed the presence of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, which is a key neurogenic region in the central nervous system of adult mammals. The expression of N-methyI-D-aspartic acid receptor subunit 1 was higher than that of nestin and mainly distributed in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of neural stem cells.

A NOVEL Ser73Gly VARIATION OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE,SUBUNIT D AND A Cys634Gly MUTATION IN Ret PROTO-ONCOGENE OBSERVED IN A CHINESE MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2A PATIENT

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （ MEN2A ） is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC）, pheochromaocytoma （50% - 60% of cases ）, and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands （ 20% - 30% of cases ）. MEN-2A comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders that most commonly have a single missense substitution of the Ret proto-oncogene （RET） involving exons 10 and 11. Here, we reported a novel case of MEN2A associated with two variations in two distinct genes, Cys634Gly in RET and a rare Ser73Gly substitution in succinate dehydrogenase, subunit D （SDHD）. Because the patient presented with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma but without parathyroid gland involvement, we speculated that this clinical feature could be correlated with the two substitutions. This is the first report of a MEN2A case involving two different changes one in the RET gene and the other in the SDHD gene.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 protein expression in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of kainic acid-induced epilepsy rats

BACKGROUND： The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 （NMDAR1） contributes to the incidence of epilepsy. However, the relationship between epilepsy-induced brain injury and NMDAR1 remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To investigate changes in NMDAR1 protein expression in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of kainic acid-induced epilepsy rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETFING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University from March 2002 to March 2003. MATERIALS： Rabbit anti-NMDAR1 antibody was purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, China. METHODS： A total of 80 healthy, male, Wistar rats, aged 22 weeks, were randomly assigned to sham-surgery （n = 10） and model （n = 70） groups. Epilepsy models were established by injecting kainic acid （1μL） into the right amygdala, and rats were sacrificed at 2, 6, 24, 72 hours, and 7, 15, 30 days after surgery, with 10 animals at each time point. The rats in the sham-surgery group were injected with 1μL phosphate buffered saline into the right amygdala. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： NMDAR1 protein expression in the hippocampus and temporal cortex at 2, 6, 24, 72 hours and 7, 15, 30 days after epilepsy was detected using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS： In the sham-surgery group, a few NMDARl-positive cells were distributed in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. In the model group, NMDARl-positive cells were increased in the hippocampus and temporal cortex at 2 hours following kainic acid-induced epilepsy. They were significantly increased at 6 hours, and slightly decreased at 7 days （CA3 region and temporal cortex）, but remained greater than the sham-surgery group. This continued until day 30 （P 〈 0.01 ）. In addition, there were more NMDAR1 positive cells in the hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus than the temporal cortex （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： In epilepsy model rats, NMDAR1 protein expression was upregulated in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, and in particular in the hippocampal CA3 and dentate gyrus. NMDAR1 may participate in epilepsy and the excitation process of the epileptic brain.

Changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A subunit expression caused by binocular form deprivation and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan degradation

Light deprivation is known to induce a significant decrease in the percentage of N-methyi-D- aspartate receptor 2A subunit （NR2A）-expressing neurons during development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of binocular form deprivation （BFD） and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan （CSPG） degradation on NR2A expression via an immunohistochemical study, around the end of a critical developmental period. The results show that the positive staining of NR2A in the normal rat visual cortex increases gradually from postnatal 3-5 weeks （P 〈 0.05）, but the changes from 5 weeks to 7 weeks were not significant. The positive staining of NR2A following BFD in the rat visual cortex slightly increased from postnatal 3-7 weeks （P 〉 0.05）. The positive staining of NR2A in the CSPG-treated group was insignificant compared with the BFD group at the same time point from 4 weeks to 7 weeks （P 〉 0.05）. Thus, the effect of BFD on NR2A expression in the rat visual cortex was similar to that of CSPG degradation around the end of the critical developmental period.

Expression of mRNA-encoding subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the hypothalamus in sustained monaural block of auditory air-conduction model rats

A sustained monaural block of auditory air-conduction model was established in rats through subcutaneous suture in the right ear canal.The gene expression levels of hypothalamic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1,NR2A,NR2B and NR2C mRNA in the auditory central nervous system of Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal 9,23,37 days were determined after an environmental change.Reverse transcription-PCR assay showed that the critical period for the development of NR1,NR2A,and NR2B subunits in the left hypothalamus and NR1-and NR2B-dependent auditory neurons in the right hypothalamus terminated 23 days after the suture in the right ear.The critical period for the development of NR2A subunit-dependent auditory neurons in the right hypothalamus was terminated by postnatal day 37.The results confirmed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in the hypothalamus may be regulated by the auditory environment.

骨髓间充质干细胞外泌体对神经病理性大鼠镇痛、病理及anx1-Src-NMDAR-2B的影响

目的 探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)外泌体对神经病理性大鼠镇痛作用、病理形态及Panx1-Src-NMDAR-2B的影响。方法 30只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为正常(NO)组,模型(MO)组,BMSCs外泌体(BE)组,各10只,对MO组、BE组采用坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤建立神经病理性大鼠模型,NO组不建立该模型,建模成功后,对BE组鞘内注射0.5 mL 200 mg/L的BMSCs外泌体,NO组、MO组同期鞘内注射同体积生理盐水,用自发疼痛行为学评分、热痛阈值、机械疼痛阈值评价镇痛作用,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检测脊髓组织病理形态,免疫印迹法检测Panx1-Src-NMDAR-2B蛋白表达。结果 NO组、MO组、BE组建模成功后、给药1周末、给药2周末自发疼痛行为学评分、热痛阈值、机械痛阈值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);NO组脊髓组织形态正常,MO组出现明显变化,与MO组相比,BE组病理形态明显改善;NO组、MO组、BE组脊髓组织Panx1蛋白表达分别为0.96±0.06、2.36±0.21、1.54±0.16(F=20.270,P<0.01),Src蛋白表达分别为1.24±0.12、2.29±0.24、1.61±0.19(F=12.370,P<0.001),NMDAR-2B蛋白表达分别为1.25±0.11、2.32±0.26、1.59±0.18(F=11.990,P<0.001),NO组、MO组、BE组脊髓组织Panx1、Src、NMDAR-2B蛋白表达异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BMSCs外泌体对神经病理性大鼠具有显著疗效,具有显著的镇痛作用,并可有效改善大鼠病理形态,抑制Panx1-Src-NMDAR-2B通路表达。

四慧合剂对疲劳模型大鼠学习记忆及海马NMDA受体亚基NR2A、NR2B及EphB2受体表达的影响

目的研究疲劳模型大鼠学习记忆及海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl D-aspartate,NMDA)受体NR2A、NR2B亚基及EphB2受体表达的变化,并观察四逆散、生慧汤、四慧合剂对其影响。方法采用多平台法,进行连续睡眠剥夺168h复制中枢疲劳模型,将实验动物随机分为正常对照组、模型组、四逆散组、生慧汤组、四慧合剂组,每组10只;分别在睡眠剥夺6、30、54、78、102、126、150h时间点灌胃给药及蒸馏水。应用Y迷宫观察大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,并使用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术定量分析大鼠海马NR2A、NR2B亚基及EphB2受体mRNA表达的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠Y迷宫正确百分率明显下降(P<0.05),海马NR2B和EphB2的mRNA表达明显减少(P<0.01),NR2A表达无明显变化。与模型组比较,四慧合剂组能明显提高大鼠迷宫成绩和海马NR2A、EphB2的mRNA表达(P<0.01),而四逆散组、生慧汤组差异无统计学意义。与四逆散组比较,四慧合剂组EphB2的mRNA表达明显增多(P<0.01)。生慧汤组较模型组亦能明显增加NR2A的mRNA表达(P<0.01)。结论中枢疲劳能导致大鼠迷宫成绩下降和海马NR2B和EphB2基因表达下调。四慧合剂能增加大鼠的学习记忆能力,可能是通过上调大鼠海马NR2B和EphB2的mRNA表达所致。

大鼠海马NMDA受体NR1亚单位蛋白的基础表达量与学习记忆相关

目的 :探讨大鼠海马 N-甲基 - D-门冬氨酸 (NMDA)受体 NR1亚单位蛋白表达水平与学习记忆的关系。方法 :用新事物识别模型 (novel object recognize model)和 Morris水迷宫 ,分析 SD大鼠的新事物探究能力和空间学习能力 ,根据指标最强的 2 0 %和最弱的 2 0 % ,分别选取新事物探究能力强和弱 2组 ,以及空间学习能力强和弱 2组。分离制备上述各组大鼠海马的膜蛋白 ,用 NR1亚单位特异性抗体作免疫印迹分析 ,测定 NR1亚单位蛋白的含量。结果 :新事物探究能力强组大鼠海马的 NR1亚单位蛋白含量比弱组高 6 0 % (P<0 .0 1) ,空间学习能力强组大鼠海马 NR1亚单位蛋白含量比弱组高 4 5 .4 % (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :大鼠海马 NMDA受体 NR1亚单位蛋白的基础表达量与新事物探究能力和空间学习能力相关。

电针对慢性压迫性损伤大鼠脊髓N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体NR2B表达的影响

目的:观察电针对慢性压迫性损伤(CCI)大鼠脊髓N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体NR2B表达的影响,分析电针(EA)累积性镇痛效应可能的作用机制。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、CCI模型组、EA3次组、EA5次组、EA10次组,每组10只。对照组大鼠行假手术,其余4组结扎坐骨神经造成CCI疼痛模型。手术后一周开始测定大鼠双侧缩腿的潜伏期(PWL)。EA3次组于CCI术后第14天电针双侧"足三里"-"阳陵泉"连续3d,EA5次组于CCI术后第12天电针双侧"足三里"-"阳陵泉"连续5d,EA10次组于CCI术后第7天电针双侧"足三里"-"阳陵泉"连续10d,每天1次。电针结束后用RT-PCR和Western blot法检测脊髓NMDA受体NR2B表达的情况。结果:与对照组比较,CCI后各组动物出现明显的痛觉过敏(P<0.01)。EA5次后动物的痛觉过敏有明显减轻。EA10次后动物的痛觉过敏进一步减轻。CCI后第18天大鼠脊髓NMDA受体NR2B亚基mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显增加,与CCI组,EA5次组和EA10次组比较NMDA受体NR2B亚基mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:NR2B表达上调可能是神经损伤后出现慢性疼痛的发病机制之一,电针有可能通过抑制其表达从而发挥一定程度镇痛作用。

缺氧对大鼠皮层、海马NMDA受体NR1亚单位磷酸化的影响

目的观察缺氧模型大鼠皮层、海马NMDA受体NR1亚单位酪氨酸磷酸化的变化。方法成年大鼠置于模拟海拔5500m高度的低压氧舱内,每天缺氧8h,分别缺氧3、7、14d和21d。采用免疫组化、Western blot+免疫共沉淀方法检测皮层、海马NR1及其酪氨酸磷酸化的变化。结果免疫组化显示缺氧皮层、海马NR1表达都明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。Western blot检测进一步证明NR1的表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且随着缺氧时间的延长而增加。缺氧各组酪氨酸磷酸化水平亦显著高于对照组(P<0.01),缺氧14d后酪氨酸磷酸化达到最高峰,而后开始下降,21d时仍显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论高原缺氧条件下大鼠皮层、海马NMDA受体NR1亚单位表达及酪氨酸磷酸化水平显著增加,酪氨酸磷酸化的变化可能是影响NMDA受体功能的主要原因。

单眼斜视和剥夺猫视皮质17区N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1亚单位的表达

目的 :探讨敏感期内单眼斜视 (monocularstrabis mus,MS)和单眼剥夺 (monoculardeprivation ,MD)幼猫视觉系统中有可塑性变化的N 甲基 D 天门冬氨酸受体 1亚单位 (N methyl D aspartatereceptor 1 subunit,NMDAR 1)基因的表达规律 ,为临床防治斜视 (MS)和剥夺性弱视 (MD)提供参考依据。方法 :以 6导程图形视觉诱发电位仪 (6 channel patternvisualevokedpotential,6CPVEP)检测MS和MD弱视的形成 ,应用生物素过氧化物酶标记链酶卵白素复合物 (strept avidinbiotin peroxidaecomplex,SABC)技术处理NMDAR 1单克隆抗体标记的正常 (normal)组、MS组及MD组幼猫的同侧视皮质 17区组织连续切片 ,照相观察并行计算机图像分析和t test处理。结果 :视皮质 17区可见NMDAR 1免疫阳性神经元呈棕褐色 ,神经元胞浆及轴突、树突着色 ,但轴突更明显 ,核色淡或空染 ,具有明显的突触形态学特征。它主要分布在Ⅱ /Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ层。比较各组猫视皮质 17区Ⅳ层NMDAR 1免疫阳性细胞染色浓度和数密度 ,MS、MD与N组比较 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,MS组和MD组幼猫视皮质 17区的NMDAR 1与正常组相比 ,其活性 (染色浓度 )减弱 ,数量明显减少。结论 :①敏感期内 ,单眼斜视和剥夺猫视皮质 17区神经元NMDAR 1表达表现?

固定方式对神经细胞膜NMDAR1免疫细胞化学定位的影响

目的探讨不同固定方式对神经细胞膜NMDA受体NR1亚基免疫细胞化学定位结果的影响,并确定NR1在膜上的亚细胞定位分布。方法采用免疫细胞化学ABC法观察不同固定方式分组时NR1亚基在神经元膜上的定位分布。结果-20 ℃纯甲醇和-20 ℃纯丙酮固定5 min组呈现NR1典型的细胞膜阳性染色,定位在神经元两极靠近树突起始部及树突干上。4%多聚甲醛及加上0.5%戊二醛固定20 min组呈现染色假阴性。95%乙醇固定10 min组呈现细胞膜染色假阴性,细胞核染色假阳性。结论每种抗原免疫细胞化学检测中都有各自最适合的固定方法。NMDAR1抗原需要应用缓和的固定方式,-20 ℃纯甲醇和-20 ℃纯丙酮5 min短时间固定效果最好。NMDAR1分布于神经元膜两端树突起始部及树突干上。

小鼠持续性脑缺血后NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化

目的 :研究小鼠持续性脑缺血后不同脑区 NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化及其与病理损伤之间的联系。方法 :采用大脑中动脉阻断法制作小鼠持续性脑缺血模型 ,取缺血后不同时间的皮层、海马、皮层下脑组织 ,用免疫印迹技术测定 NMDA受体亚单位 ζ1和 ε1及 ε2蛋白的含量。同时作冰冻切片和苏木素伊红染色 ,计算相应脑区神经元密度。结果 :NMDA受体 ζ1和 ε1及 ε2亚单位表达的改变发生于缺血后 5 h内 ,皮层下 3个亚单位表达均明显增加 ,海马则各亚单位表达变化不一。脑梗塞灶和相关脑区神经元密度显著减小均出现于缺血后 5 h,相关脑区神经元死亡严重程度依次为皮层下组织和海马 CA1区及大脑颞叶皮层 - 层。结论 :小鼠持续性脑缺血 ,缺血侧脑组织 NMDA受体亚单位 ζ1和 ε1及 ε2表达的变化发生在明显的病理损害之前 ,表达变化程度因脑区不同 ,与相关脑区神经元损害的程度相应。

L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型多克隆抗体对人牙本质形成的影响研究

目的:采用人牙齿切片体外器官培养的方法研究L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型多克隆抗体对牙本质形成的影响。方法:收集年轻人健康前磨牙,用慢速切锯制备2 mm厚的牙齿横切片,将在L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型多克隆抗体中浸泡过的琼脂糖微球与在PBS液中浸泡过的琼脂糖微球对称放置在牙片上,将切片用含琼脂糖的半固体培养基包被后采用Trowel器官培养方法培养1周,观察其对牙本质形成和矿化的影响。结果:L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型多克隆抗体组四环素线状荧光带较对照组变细,von Kossa染色前期牙本质处球状矿化也较对照组减少,I型胶原免疫组化染色显示实验组与对照组无明显区别。结论:L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型多克隆抗体能够影响牙本质的矿化,但对牙本质基质的合成和分泌无明显影响。该结果提示成牙本质细胞膜上的L型钙离子通道α1亚基D亚型对牙本质矿化过程中的钙离子转运有重要作用。