Twinning behaviors of Mg-Sn alloy with basal or prismatic Mg_2Sn

The Mg-Sn alloys,with basal or prismatic Mg2Sn laths,were employed to reveal the effect of precipitate orientation on twinning behavior quantitatively.The Mg-5wt.%Sn alloys with basal or prismatic Mg2Sn were compressed to study the twinning behaviors.Subsequently,an Orowan strengthening model was developed to quantitatively investigate the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)increment of precipitates on twinning.The results revealed that the prismatic precipitates hindered the transfer and growth of tensile twins more effectively compared with the basal precipitates.The decreased proportion of tensile twins containing prismatic Mg2Sn might be attributed to a larger CRSS increment for tensile twins compared with that for basal precipitates.The obvious decreased twinning transfer in the alloy with prismatic Mg2Sn could be due to its higher geometrically necessary dislocation and enhanced CRSS of tensile twins.Notably,the prismatic precipitates have a better hindering effect on tensile twins during compression.

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of a Mg2Sn-dispersed Mg alloy subjected to pulsed electron beam treatment

We report that the corrosion resistance of a Mg-Sn-based alloy with MgzSn precipitates can be considerably improved by surface modification using pulsed electron beam treatment.The alloy subjected to a pulse electron beam treatment showed a modified surface layer with a thickness of〜12 μm,appearing more resistant to corrosion attack than the bare surface of the alloy.In 0.6 M NaCl solution,the alloys with and without the surface modification exhibited average corrosion rates of 4.3 and 8.1 mm y^-1,respectively.The improved corrosion resistance was attributed to reduced cathodic activation,resulting from the surficial reduction of relatively noble Mg2Sn precipitates.

含金属Mg相的Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)薄膜的微观结构与热电性能

利用高真空磁控溅射设备,采用Mg-Sn-Si合金靶材和纯Mg靶进行顺序沉积,在表面含有500 nm厚氧化硅的单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了不同Mg含量的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜。沉积Mg-Sn-Si薄膜的相组成、化学成分、表面和横截面形貌和热电性能被系统的测量、观察和分析。结果表明,制备的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜由Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体和金属Mg相组成。随着金属Mg相含量的增多,沉积薄膜载流子浓度升高,迁移率降低。沉积薄膜的电导率随着金属Mg相含量的增多而增大,而Seebeck系数降低。沉积薄膜的金属Mg相含量增加,虽然电导率增加,但因Seebeck系数急剧下降,最终导致功率因子下降。在所研究的金属Mg含量范围内,Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体薄膜含有部分金属Mg相,对提高复合薄膜的功率因子是不利的。

添加Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化和析出行为的影响

采用硬度测试和透射电镜研究Sn对不同Mg/Si比Al-Mg-Si合金时效硬化与析出行为的影响。结果表明:添加Sn虽然增加了低Mg/Si比合金峰值时效的析出相密度,但也降低了β″相的析出速度,从而降低了低Mg/Si比合金峰时效前的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。过时效阶段,含Sn合金的高析出相密度提高了低Mg/Si比合金过时效硬度。对于高Mg/Si比合金,添加Sn不仅增加合金的析出相密度,同时也提高了β″相的析出速度,从而增加了合金的硬化速度和峰时效硬度。

Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7掺杂Ag和Li的热电性能对比

采用两步固相法合成了物相均匀的Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)和Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7 (y=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08)热电材料,测试了室温物理性能和室温至773 K的热电性能,研究了不同掺杂剂的固溶度、微观结构、载流子浓度、电性能和热输运. X射线衍射图谱和扫描电子显微镜图像显示掺杂Ag和Li的固溶度分别为x=0.03和y=0.06.根据单抛物线模型, p型的Mg2(1–x)Ag2xSi0.3Sn0.7和Mg2(1–y)Li2ySi0.3Sn0.7的有效质量为1.2m0.对比结果表明:掺杂Ag或Li的最大载流子浓度分别达到4.64×1019 cm–3和15.1×1019 cm–3;掺杂Li元素的样品有较高的固溶度、较高的载流子浓度和较高的功率因子PF约为1.62×10–3 W·m–1·K–2;掺杂Li元素样品中较高的载流子浓度能够有效抑制双极效应,显著降低双极热导率;Mg1.92Li0.08Si0.3Sn0.7的最大ZT值0.54,比Mg1.9Ag0.1Si0.3Sn0.7的最大ZT值0.34提高了大约58%.根据Callaway理论,由于质量场波动和应变场波动增强声子散射,掺杂Ag和Li元素样品的晶格热导率比未掺杂样品明显降低.

Mg2(Si,Sn)基热电材料研究进展

热电材料又称温差电材料,是利用固体中载流子和声子的输运及其相互作用实现热电相互转换的新型功能材料。热电材料可以将太阳辐射、工业废热、汽车尾气余热等转换成电能,对缓解污染和能源压力有重要意义。此外,热电制冷器件也具有低噪音、无污染、体积小和反应灵敏等压缩机制冷所不具备的优点,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。材料的热电转换性能通过热电优值ZT表征,如何提高热电转换效率(即提高ZT值)成为研究者关注的热点。作为最具潜质的中温区热电材料之一,Mg 2(Si,Sn)基热电材料由于其低廉的成本和无毒无害等优点,过去十几年被广泛研究。近年来,研究者们尝试了多种方法(如高频感应熔炼、固相反应加热压烧结、两步固相反应加放电等离子烧结和快速凝固加等离子活化烧结等)来获得高质量的Mg 2(Si,Sn)块体。除此之外,研究者们还利用能带工程、单元素和双元素掺杂等方法来进一步提高材料的ZT值,这些方法可以使合金的ZT值从0.5提高到1.55。但是这类基于固相反应加烧结来制备纳米级晶粒块体材料的方法存在反应不完全和服役过程中晶粒易发生长大等问题。而且由于Mg元素极高的化学活泼性和挥发性,以及组成合金的各元素之间较大的熔点差,给熔炼法制备Mg 2(Si,Sn)块体材料带来了很大的困难,极大地限制了材料热电性能的优化。因此,如何制备高质量的Mg 2(Si,Sn)块体材料成为亟待解决的难题。本文综述了Mg 2(Si,Sn)基热电材料制备方法的最新研究进展,以及能带工程和掺杂元素的选择等ZT值优化途径,提出存在的问题和未来的发展方向。同时,本文提出采用材料定向凝固方法制备Mg 2(Si,Sn)单晶材料,并利用单晶各向异性来优化其热电性能,此方法有望解决纳米级晶粒块体材料服役过程中出现晶粒长大而导致的性能恶化问题,同时为此类合金热电材料的性能优化提供了新的思路。

热处理对铸态Mg-Sn-Al-Zn-Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理制度对铸态Mg-5Sn-1.5Al-1Zn-1Si合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理时,随着固溶时间延长,合金枝晶逐渐溶解、晶粒逐步球化,适宜的固溶处理制度为510℃×8 h,此时合金组织分布均匀,析出少量细小的二次颗粒相,延伸率较高;合金适宜的时效处理制度为200℃×16 h,此时偏聚在晶界处的合金相析出迁移,晶界清晰,组织均匀度高,合金屈服强度达到136.3 MPa,较铸态提升16.5%。510℃固溶8 h+200℃时效16 h处理后,组织均匀度和弥散程度进一步提升,抗拉强度和硬度分别达到178.2 MPa和59.6HB,相对铸态合金分别提升了21.6%和23.4%。

热轧Mg-5Sn-Si-0.9Sb镁合金的组织与性能

对Mg-5Sn-Si-0.9Sb镁合金进行了轧制温度370℃、压下量10%的多道次单向轧制,轧制后对合金进行了固溶+时效处理。研究了热轧和热处理后的Mg-5Sn-Si-0.9Sb镁合金的组织与性能。结果表明,轧制合金随道次增加析出第二相增多,尺寸减小,初生Mg_(2)Si相多边形尖角逐渐钝化、破碎为类似于球状的多边形。合金显微组织中发现Mg_(3)Sb_(2)相与Mg_(2)Si相存在依附生长的现象,成分中Sb抑制Mg_(2)Si相生长。经过轧制后形成新的含Sb-Mg_(2)(Si_(x)Sn_(1-x))相。经4道次轧制后,发生了完全动态再结晶,晶粒细化为15~20μm。铸态合金抗拉强度为106.1 MPa,断后伸长率为7.8%。经轧制和T6热处理后,材料性能显著提高,合金抗拉强度提高到213.8 MPa,断后伸长率提高到11.6%。

Mg对亚共晶Al-10Mg_(2)Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了不同Mg含量对含10 mass%Mg_(2)Si的亚共晶Al-Mg-Si合金显微组织、拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响。结果表明:在合金中添加1.2~2.8 mass%的Mg能够减小初生α-Al枝晶的尺寸,适量的Mg明显地细化了合金中的Mg_(2)Si共晶相,并使其形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为短条状、颗粒状和纤维状。共晶Mg_(2)Si的细化归因于Mg原子团簇在其两侧的富集,抑制了共晶Mg_(2)Si的生长,促进了其生长方向的改变。适量的Mg的添加同时提高了合金的强度和塑性,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金拉伸性能达到最高,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别由未添加Mg的232.4 MPa、150.4 MPa和1.5%增加到322.0 MPa、270.4 MPa和6.1%,分别提高了38.6%、79.8%和306.7%。未添加Mg的合金的断裂机制为脆性断裂,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金的断裂机制转变为韧性断裂。

Microstructures and tensile properties of as-cast Mg-5Sn-1Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements of Y,Bi,Sb and Sr

The microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy modified with trace elements Y,Bi,Sb and Sr were investigated and compared.Results show that the microstructure of the as-cast Mg-5 Sn-1 Si alloy consists ofα-Mg,Mg_(2) Si,Mg_(2) Sn and Mg_(2)(Si_xSn_(1-x))phases.After adding 0.8 wt.%Y,0.3 wt.%Bi,0.9 wt.%Sb and 0.9 wt.%Sr,respectively into the Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy,Mg_(24)Y_(5),Mg_(3) Bi_(2),Mg_(3) Sb_(2) and Mg_(2) Sr phases are precipitated accordingly.Trace elements can refineα-Mg grain and Chinese scriptshaped Mg_(2) Si phase.Refinement efficiency of different trace elements onα-Mg grain and Mg_(2) Si phase is varied.Sr element has the best refinement effect,followed by Sb and Bi,while Y has the least refinement effect.Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sr alloy has higher tensile properties than the other three modified alloys.The refinement mechanism of Y,Bi and Sr elements on Mg-5 Sn-1 Si magnesium alloy can be explained by the growth restriction factors and the solute undercooling.For Mg-5 Sn-1 Si-0.9 Sb alloy,the heterogeneous nuclei of Mg_(3) Sb_(2) phase is the main reason for the refinement of grains and second phases.

Tensile Properties and Wear Resistance of Mg Alloy Containing High Si as Implant Materials

Magnesium alloy has been considered as one of the third-generation biomaterials for the regeneration and support of functional bone tissue.As a regeneration implant material with great potential applications,in-situ Mg_(2)Si phase reinforced Mg-6Zn cast alloy was comprehensively studied and expected to possess excellent mechanical properties via the refining and modifying of Mg_(2)Si reinforcements.The present study demonstrates that the primary and eutectic Mg_(2)Si phase can be greatly modified by the yttrium(Y)addition.The size of the primary Mg_(2)Si phases can be reduced to~20μm with an addition of 0.5 wt.%Y.This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the poisoning effect of the Y element.Moreover,wear resistance and tensile properties of the ternary alloy have also been improved by the Y addition.Mg-6Zn-4Si-0.5Y alloy exhibits optimal tensile properties and wears resistance.The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy with 0.5 wt.%Y are 50%and 65%higher than those of the ternary alloy,respectively.Excessive Y addition(1.0 wt.%)deteriorates the tensile properties of Mg-Zn-Si alloy.The improvement of the tensile properties is mainly due to the modification of primary and eutectic Mg_(2)Si phases as well as the solid solution strengthening of the Y atoms.This study provides a certain implication for the application of Mg-Zn-Si alloys containing Y elements as regeneration implants.

Microstructures,mechanical properties and compressive creep behaviors of as-cast Mg-5%Sn-(0-1.0)%Pb alloys

The microstructures, tensile properties and compressive creep behaviors of Mg-5%Sn-（0-1.0）%Pb （mass fraction） alloys were studied. The microstructures of the Mg-Sn-Pb alloys consist of dendritic a-Mg and Mg2Sn phase. The addition of Pb can refine the size of Mg2Sn phase and grain size, reduce the amount of Mg2Sn phase at grain or inter-dendrite boundaries and change the distribution of Mg2Sn phase. Pb exists in the Mg2Sn phase or dissolves in a-Mg matrix. The mechanical properties of the tested alloys at room temperature are improved with the addition of Pb. When the Pb content is over 0.5%, the mechanical properties are decreased gradually. The Mg-5%Sn-0.5%Pb shows the best ultimate tensile strength and elongation, 174 MPa and 14.3%, respectively. However, the compressive creep resistance of the Mg-Sn-Pb alloys is much lower than that of the Mg-Sn binary alloy at 175℃ with applied load of 55 MPa, which means that Pb has negative effects on the compressive creep resistance of the as-cast Mg-Sn alloys.

Al-5Ti-1B与Y复合添加对铸造Mg-5Al-5Si合金的影响

【目的】为细化Mg-Al-Si合金中的粗大Mg_(2)Si相,添加Al-5Ti-1B和稀土Y对Mg-5Al-5Si合金进行变质处理。【方法】熔炼制得不同成分的Mg-Al-Si合金,使用多种测试方法对变质前后合金成分、微观组织及力学性能进行分析,并讨论其变质机理。【结果】结果表明:在Mg-5Al-5Si合金中添加Al-5Ti-1B,初生相形貌由粗大块状转变为细枝晶状或多边形状,共晶相数量随着Al-5Ti-1B添加量的增加而减少,合金硬度显著提高,这是因为TiB_(2)为Mg_(2)Si提供了形核基底。当合金中添加1.0%Al-5Ti-1B时,再添加Y会使初生相尺寸进一步减小,形貌规整。当复合添加1.0%Al-5Ti-1B和1.0%Y时,初生Mg_(2)Si相平均尺寸降低到10.2μm,形貌为细小多边形状,合金拉伸力学性能最优,稀土Y的变质机理主要为吸附毒化。

Mg2Si1-xSnx合金热电性能的第一性原理计算预测

作为最具潜质的中温区热电材料之一,Mg 2Si 1-x Sn x基合金由于其低廉的成本和无毒无害等优点,在过去十几年受到广泛关注。Si和Sn原子间具有较大的质量差,有利于声子的合金化散射,使得晶格热导率极大降低(可达到1.8 W·m-1·K-1),解决了二元Mg 2Sn合金热导率较高的问题。大多数Mg 2Si 1-x Sn x合金通过降低晶粒尺寸来进一步降低晶格热导率,从而优化热电性能,然而,这类材料制备的热电器件在高温服役过程中容易出现由于晶粒长大导致的性能降低。因此,通过提高功率因子,如掺杂、能带工程等方法,来优化热电性能是更加可靠的路径。本工作采用第一性原理计算方法,对不同Sn成分的Mg 2Si 1-x Sn x(0.25≤x≤0.75)固溶体进行电子结构分析和热电性能预测。结果表明,在x=0.625时产生了能带收敛效应,可以在不影响电导率的前提下有效提高Seebeck系数值。计算预测的Seebeck系数在掺杂浓度为3×1020 cm-3时取得最大值-246μV·K-1,功率因子最高可达6.2 mW·m-1·K-2,不同温度下的Seebeck系数和电导率预测结果与高温度梯度定向凝固试样测试所得的结果拟合较好。根据测试所得的热导率结果,在T=700 K处计算预测的最大ZT值为1.3,而实验测试值为1.16,同时,在中温区550~800 K之间预测和实验测试的ZT值分别可以保持在1.0和0.9以上。因此,通过优化功率因子的方法可以有效提高Mg 2Si 1-x Sn x晶体的热电性能,为此类热电材料的性能优化提供了新的思路。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed Al−Mg2Si alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed Al−Mg2Si alloys were studied by TEM and EBSD.The results showed that an increase in the tool rotation speed(300−700 r/min)led to a decrease in the defect area(from 10.5 mm2 to zero),whereas the defect area demonstrated the opposite trend(increased to 1.5 mm2 from zero)upon further increasing the rotation speed(700−1200 r/min).The types of defects were transformed from tunnel defects to fusion defects as the rotational speed increased.The coarse Mg2Si dendrites were broken and fine particles(smaller than 10mm)formed in the weld nugget(WN).The amount of low-angle grain boundaries increased significantly from 57.7%to 83.6%,which was caused by an increase in the content of the deformed structure(from 1.7%to 13.6%).The hardness,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation were all greatly improved for the weld nugget.The hardness values of the WNs had the following order:R300<R1200<R500<R900<R700.The UTS and elongation had the following order:BM(base material)<R300<R1200<R500<R900<R700.The UTS and the elongation for the WN were increased by one and three times,respectively.

Thermoelectric Properties of Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x Synthesized by Bulk Mechanical Alloying

Bulk mechanical alloying （BMA） has been successfully applied to solid-state synthesis of p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials Mg2Si1-xSnx （x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1） from element-powders at the room temperature in a relatively short time. The electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity of the Mg2Si1-xSnx are quite sensitive to the x-content. With the x-content rising, the electrical conductivity increases. When x = 0.6, it reaches the lowest and Mg2Si shows an n-type of semi-conducting However, when x = 0.2 and T 〉525 K, the Seebeck coefficient of the samples will change the opposite way. While x≥0.4, the samples present a p-type of semi-conducting. The figure of merit, Z of Mg2Si1-xSnx will be obtained in the range from 300 K to 700 K. When x = 0.6, Z proves to be higher than that of other samples at 300 K≤ T≤650 K.

Sn微合金化和时效温度对Al‑Mg‑Si合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

通过硬度测试、DSC热分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜系统研究了Sn微合金化和时效温度对Si过量Al⁃Mg⁃Si合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。Sn元素的添加可以有效地抑制自然时效期间团簇(1)(Mg⁃Si共同团簇)的形成,降低合金自然时效的硬度,以及在随后人工时效过程中促进弥散相的析出强化作用。Al⁃Mg⁃Si(⁃Sn)合金在200℃人工时效下较170℃有更佳的析出强化效果。随着人工时效温度的升高,β"相的析出速率增加并伴有粗化效果。此外,促进Al⁃Mg⁃Si(⁃Sn)合金析出强化的最佳人工时效温度为200℃。Si过量Al⁃Mg⁃Si合金通过添加Sn元素,并在自然时效处理后进行高温人工时效,可以改善其力学性能,从而使峰值硬度达到128.6 HV。最佳热处理方法为:自然时效(2周)+人工时效(200℃×30 min)。本论文的研究对开发使用新型铝合金的汽车具有潜在的意义。

变质剂Nd对Mg-3Si-4Zn-xNd合金组织及硬度的影响

通过向Mg-3Si-4Zn镁合金中添加变质剂Nd,制备了不同Nb含量的Mg-3Si-4Zn-xNd镁合金。通过观察初生及共晶Mg_(2)Si的组织变化,探究变质剂Nd对Mg_(2)Si组织的影响。通过试验探究Mg_(2)Si相的变化对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,变质剂Nd对初生及共晶Mg_(2)Si相皆有良好的变质作用。当Nd含量为2.5%时,获得最佳的变质效果,初生Mg2Si由平均面积约600μm^(2)(40μm×15μm)的粗大的树枝状组织变为平均面积约139μm^(2)的细小且不规则的多边形块状组织,共晶Mg_(2)Si由平均面积约444μm^(2)的复杂汉字状变为平均面积约145μm^(2)的简单汉字状组织,合金硬度由58.75 HV0.1提高到73.27 HV0.1(最大值),提高24.7%。

Characteristics of Faigue Crack Initiation in Ti-5Al-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.7Nd-0.25Si Alloy

The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation in Ti-5AI-4Sn-2Zr1Mo-O.7Nd-O.25Si alloy wereStudied. Two modes Of fatigue crack initiation were found. The Nd-rich phase particles displaybetter resistance to fatigue crack initiation than the matrix at lower stress.

Corrosion mechanism associated with Mg_2Si and Si particles in Al-Mg-Si alloys

The electrochemical behaviors and coupling behaviors of the Mg2Si and Si phases with α（Al） were investigated, the corrosion morphologies of Al alloys containing Mg2Si and Si particles were observed, and the corrosion mechanism associated with them in Al-Mg-Si alloys was advanced. The results show that Si particle is always cathodic to the alloy base, Mg2Si is anodic to the alloy base and corrosion occurs on its surface at the beginning. However, during its corrosion process, the preferential dissolution of Mg and the enrichment of Si make Mg2Si transform to cathode from anode, leading to the anodic dissolution and corrosion of the alloy base at its adjacent periphery at a later stage. As the mole ratio of Mg to Si in an Al-Mg-Si alloy is less than 1.73, it contains Mg2Si and Si particles simultaneously in the grain boundary area, and corrosion initiates on the Mg2Si surface and the precipitate-free zone （PFZ） at the adjacent periphery of Si particle. As corrosion time is extended, Si particle leads to severe anodic dissolution and corrosion of the PFZ at its adjacent periphery, expedites the polarity transformation between Mg2Si and the PFZ and accelerates the corrosion of PFZ at the adjacent periphery of Mg2Si particle.