Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by a compound casting

In this paper,the effect of the Si content on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by compound casting was investigated systematically.The obtained results showed that all the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites had a metallurgical reaction layer(MRL),whose thickness increased with increasing Si content for the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites,while the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites were opposite.The MRL included eutectic layer(E layer),intermetallic compound layer(IMC layer)and transition region layer(T layer).In the IMC layer,the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites contained some Si solid solution and flocculent Mg_(2)Si+Al-Mg IMCs phases not presented in the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites.Besides,increasing Si content,the thickness proportion of the T layer increased,forming an inconsistent preferred orientation of the MRL.The shear strengths of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites enhanced with increasing Si content,and the Al-15Si/AZ91D composite obtained a maximum shear strength of 58.6 MPa,which was 73.4% higher than the Al-6Si/AZ91D composite.The fractures of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites transformed from the T layer into the E layer with the increase of the Si content.The improvement of the shear strength of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites was attributed to the synergistic action of the Mg_(2)Si particle reinforcement,the reduction of oxidizing inclusions and the ratio of Al-Mg IMCs as well as the orientation change of the MRL.

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of in-situ Mg_2Si/AZ91D composites

The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure and properties of Mg2Si/AZ91D composites fabricated from Mg-SiO2 system via in-situ processing method was investigated.The results show that coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases can be formed by adding SiO2 into AZ91D magnesium alloy with Si content up to 1.5% of the alloy melt.During solution treatment,the morphology and distribution of the coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases are modified.Meanwhile,the β-Mg17Al12 phase is dissolved into the magnesium matrix.With increasing holding time,the coarse Mg2Si phases tend to dissolve,break and spheroidize.After solution treatment at 420 ℃ for 16 h,Mg2Si phases become the finest and relatively well-distributed phase.The tensile strength and elongation are increased by 14.9% and 38.9%,respectively.It is believed that the Mg2Si phases continuously dissolve and break,and finally the spheroidized Mg2Si particles are obtained due to the interface tension of Mg2Si/Mg interface.

选区激光熔化成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg大尺寸复杂构件

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形大尺寸复杂构件厚度多样、成形高度较高、方向复杂,需要研究构件微观组织均匀性和力学性能稳定性。本文以SLM成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg复合材料为研究对象,分析复合材料多级微观组织,对比不同成形厚度、高度、方向下复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合材料表现出熔池特征结构,细小等轴晶粒组织均匀分布且随机取向,纳米TiB_(2)颗粒在材料内部弥散分布。随成形厚度增加,复合材料伸长率保持稳定,抗拉强度受本征热处理影响略微增大;在不同成形高度下,复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率保持稳定;在不同成形方向下,复合材料抗拉强度保持稳定,伸长率受熔池结构影响在水平方向略高。基于以上结果,成功制备大飞机舱门铰链臂(588 mm×318 mm×470 mm)复杂结构件。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-Mg_2Si in situ composite fabricated by repetitive upsetting

AZ31-4.6% Mg2Si （mass fraction） composite was prepared by conventional casting method. Repetitive upsetting （RU） was applied to severely deforming the as-cast composite at 400 ℃ for 1, 3, and 5 passes. Finite element analysis of the material flow indicates that deformation concentrates in the bottom region of the sample after 1 pass, and much more uniform deformation is obtained after 5 passes. During multi-pass RU process, both dendritic and Chinese script type Mg2Si phases are broken up into smaller particles owing to the shear stress forced by the matrix. With the increasing number of RU passes, finer grain size and more homogeneous distribution of Mg2Si particles are obtained along with significant enhancement in both strength and ductility. AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite exhibits tensile strength of 284 MPa and elongation of 9.8%after 5 RU passes at 400 ℃ compared with the initial 128 MPa and 5.4%of original AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite.

Characteristics of two Al based functionally gradient composites reinforced by primary Si particles and Si/in situ Mg_2Si particles in centrifugal casting

Two kinds of Al based functionally gradient composite tubes reinforced by primary Si particles alone and primary Si/in situ Mg2Si particles jointly were successfully prepared by centrifugal casting,and their structural and mechanical characters were compared.It is found that the composite reinforced with primary Si particles takes a characteristic of particles distribution both in the inner and outer layers.However,composite reinforced with primary Si/Mg2Si particles jointly takes a characteristic of particles distribution only in the inner layer and shows a sudden change of particles distribution across the section of inner and outer layers.The hardness and wear resistance of Al-19Si-5Mg tube in the inner layer are greatly higher than that in the other layers of Al-19Si-5Mg tube and Al-19Si tube.Theoretical analysis reveals that the existence of Mg2Si particles is the key factor to form this sudden change of gradient distribution of two kinds of particles.Because Mg2Si particles with a lower density have a higher centripetal moving velocity than primary Si particles,in a field of centrifugal force,they would collide with primary Si particles and then impel the later to move together forward to the inner layer of the tube.

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of in Situ Primary Si/Mg_2Si Locally Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Piston by Centrifugal Casting

Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, some technologies were invented, such as mounting high Ni cast iron ring around the first ring groove in Al alloy piston body and thermal resistant steel on piston top surface, and fabricating Al composite pistons by squeeze casting for enhancing the whole or local piston performance. In this paper, composite pistons locally reinforced with in situ primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles are fabricated by centrifugal casting. The microstructure characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of the composite piston are investigated and the motion characteristic of the in situ particles in centrifugal field is analyzed. The results of the experiments show that primary Si and Mg2Si particles mix up with each other in melt and segregate at the regions of piston top and piston ring grooves under the effect of centrifugal force. Particulate reinforced regions have a higher hardness and better wear resistance compared with the unreinforced regions and this performance increases after heat treatment. The analysis result of particle movement shows that, primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles move at approximately the same velocity in the centrifugal field, because of the growth of primary Si and fusion after colliding between primary Si particles, which compromised the velocity difference of primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles caused by the difference of their densities. Research results have some theory significance and applicative value of project in development of new aluminum matrix composites piston products.

Effect of Sb on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg_2Si/Al-Si composites

The effect of Sb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites was investigated.The results show that Sb can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites.When the content of Sb is 0.4%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si changes from dendrites to fine particles,the average size of Mg2Si particles is refined from 52 to 25μm,and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composites increase from 102.1 MPa and 0.26% to 138.6 MPa and 0.36%,respectively.The strengthening mechanism can be attributed to the fine-grain strengthening.However,excessive Sb is disadvantageous to the modification of the composites.

Rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg_2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composites at steady state

The microstructure and rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state were investigated.The results show that the primary α-Mg phases are knapped by mechanical stirring and the Chinese script type reinforced Mg2Si phases exist in liquid phase and grain boundary.The analysis of apparent viscosity indicates that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state increases with increasing the volume fraction of Mg2Si and solid fraction of primary α-Mg,but decreases with increasing the shearing rate and shearing time,and the apparent viscosity keeps stable when shearing time reaches 300 s.

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Al-based Gradient Composites Reinforced with Primary Si and Mg_2Si Particles through Centrifugal Casting

The structure and mechanical properties of a new type of Al-based discontinuous gradient composites prepared by using the ternary AI-19Si-5Mg alloys as the raw material adopting the centrifugal casting method were investigated. Structurally, the composites are divided into two zones： a reinforced zone with the high volume fraction of primary Si and Mg2Si particles and an unreinforced zone with no or a few particles. In the reinforced zone, the primary particles are evenly distributed, with the sizes of the primary Si particles 80-120 μm, and that of primary Mg2Si particles 20-50 μm. The properties test results show the reinforced zone has higher Rockwell hardness and better wear resistance than the unreinforced zone, due to the complementary reinforcement relationship between the primary Si and Mg2Si particles and their high volume fraction.

Influence of Sb modification on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg2 Si/AM60 composites

The refining effect and mechanism of Sb on Mg2Si and the microstructure of the matrix were investigated.The results indicate that there are Mg3Sb2 particles in the composites with the addition of Sb,and Mg3Sb2 can promote the formation of fine polygonal type Mg2Si by providing nucleation site.Meanwhile,the grain size of Sb modified alloy is finer than that of the matrix. The improved microstructure results in the improvement of mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength is increased by 12.2%with the addition of 0.8%Sb.

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al–Mg_2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill(DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg_2Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al–Mg_2Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg_2Si particles(from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg_2Si(from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy(from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg_2Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg_2Si phase and the grains in the Al–Mg_2Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al–Mg_2Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg2Si/A356 composites during remelting process

The semi-solid processed Mg2Si/A356 composites were fabricated using a sloping plate,and the phase and morphology evolution of the semi-solid Mg2Si/A356 slurry during the remelting process was investigated.Results indicate that compared to as-cast microstructure,the size of primaryα-Al phase and Mg2Si phase of semi-solid microstructure fabricated by using a sloping plate decreases and the morphology ofα-Al phase becomes fine and globular.With increasing the reheating temperature and prolonging the holding time,the primaryα-Al phase spheroidizes,the liquid fraction in semi-solid microstructure increases,and the Chinese script Mg2Si phase embedded in the primaryα-Al phase cannot be observed.The Chinese script Mg2Si phase is distributed in the secondaryα-Al phase and becomes smaller.The net-shaped eutectic phase also becomes finer after reheating.The optimum remelting parameters suitable for thixoforming in this study are remelting at 580℃for 30 min.

用固相反应合成Mg_2Si_(1-x)Ge_x热电固溶体

利用二次固相反应合成的方法 ,在低温下首次合成了Mg2 Si1-xGex 系连续固溶体 ;所制得的产品呈单相特征 ,不含任何氧化物或碳化物 ,且颗粒粒径大幅度细化。对产物相组成以及固相反应过程中热量的变化 ,掺Ge对Mg2 Si1-xGex

Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x合金的组织和性能

采用机械合金化+热压烧结制备Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(x=0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)合金,对合金的组织性能进行了研究.结果表明:Mg2Si中的部分Si被Sn替代,晶体结构并不发生改变.随Sn替代量的增加,合金的点阵常数逐渐增大,整个XRD衍射峰向低角偏移增大,致密度先增大后减小,晶粒得到细化.随Sn替代量的增加,合金的抗压强度、抗弯强度先增大后减小,断裂方式由解理断裂向准解理断裂转变;引入Sn元素,Mg2Si1-xSnx的力学性能和热电性能得到提高,当x=0.4时,合金具有最佳的综合性能.合金的强化是由细晶强化、固溶强化和第二相强化3种机制共同作用的结果.

微波合成Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x热电固溶体

为了解决传统方法制备Mg2Si1-xSnx(0≤x≤1.0)固溶体过程中带来Mg的氧化和挥发等问题,引进微波低温合成法制备Mg2Si1-xSnx热电固溶体,用XRD及SEM分析手段对合成的块体的物相和形貌进行表征,并研究Mg2Si1-xSnx化合物的热电特性和在微波场中的加热特性以及合成工艺对Mg2Sil xSnx压坯制备的影响。结果表明:Mg2Si1-xSnx压坯在微波场中的加热升温曲线与Mg2Si1-xSnx压坯密度相关,随压坯密度增大,升温速率降低;XRD分析表明在微波辐射下Mg2Si1-xSnx形成了良好的固溶体;在测试温度范围内,Mg2Si1-xSnx在500 K温度下最高的ZT值达到0.26。

含金属Mg相的Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)薄膜的微观结构与热电性能

利用高真空磁控溅射设备,采用Mg-Sn-Si合金靶材和纯Mg靶进行顺序沉积,在表面含有500 nm厚氧化硅的单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了不同Mg含量的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜。沉积Mg-Sn-Si薄膜的相组成、化学成分、表面和横截面形貌和热电性能被系统的测量、观察和分析。结果表明,制备的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜由Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体和金属Mg相组成。随着金属Mg相含量的增多,沉积薄膜载流子浓度升高,迁移率降低。沉积薄膜的电导率随着金属Mg相含量的增多而增大,而Seebeck系数降低。沉积薄膜的金属Mg相含量增加,虽然电导率增加,但因Seebeck系数急剧下降,最终导致功率因子下降。在所研究的金属Mg含量范围内,Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体薄膜含有部分金属Mg相,对提高复合薄膜的功率因子是不利的。

Effect of ultrasonic on morphology of primary Mg_2Si in in-situ Mg_2Si/Al composite

Effects of ultrasonic on morphologies of primary Mg2Si crystals in in-situ Mg2Si/A1 composite were investigated by metallographic microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the mean grain size of primary MgESi crystals is refined from 150 to 20 μm by high intensity ultrasonic, and the morphologies of primary MgESi crystals are changed as well. Optical microscopy reveals that primary MgESi crystals without ultrasonic vibration exhibit coarse particles with cavities, in which eutectic structures grow. However, primary Mg2Si crystals with ultrasonic vibration appear fine grains without any cavity. Three-dimensional morphologies of primary Mg2Si without ultrasonic vibration display octahedron and tetrakaidecahedron with hopper-like hole in the crystals. After ultrasonic vibration, primary Mg2Si particles become solid crystals with rounded comers and edges.

Mg_2Si_(1-x)Sn_x(0≤x≤1)化合物的低温固相反应合成与热电性能研究

采用低温固相反应法结合放电等离子体烧结法(SPS)合成了Mg2Si1-xSnx(0≤x≤1)三元化合物,研究了Sn固溶量对化合物热电性能的影响。结果表明,随Sn含量增加,材料电导率增加,Seebeck系数减小;材料晶格热导率先减小后增加,x=0.4时化合物晶格热导率最低,同时固溶体化合物的晶格热导率远低于Mg2Si和Mg2Sn二元化合物的晶格热导率,在室温附近Mg2Si1-xSnx固溶体化合物的晶格热导率均约为Mg2Si的1/3和Mg2Sn的1/2;Mg2Si0.8Sn0.2化合物具有最好的热电性能,在640K获得最大热电优值0.16。

Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of cast Al-Mg_2Si in-situ metal matrix composite modified by Nd

The microstructure and dry sliding wear behav- ior of cast Al-18 wt% MgaSi in-situ metal matrix com- posite modified by Nd were investigated. Experimental results show that, after introducing a proper amount of Nd, both primary and eutectic Mg2Si in the Al-18 wt% Mg2Si composite are well modified. The morphology of primary Mg2Si is changed from irregular or dendritic to polyhedral shape, and its average particle size is signifi- cantly decreased. Moreover, the morphology of the eutectic MgzSi phase is altered from flake-like to very short fibrous or dot-like. The wear rates and friction coefficient of the composites with Nd are lower than those without Nd. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 wt% Nd changes the wear mechanism of the composite from the combination of abrasive, adhesive, and delamination wear without Nd into a single mild abrasion wear with 0.5 wt% Nd.

Centrifugal casting processes of manufacturing in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy

Cylindrical components of in situ functionally gradient composite materials of Al-19Si-5Mg alloy were manufactured by centrifugal casting. Microstructure characteristics of the manufactured components were observed and the effects of the used process factors on these characteristics were analyzed. The results of observations shows that, in thickness, the components possess microstructures accumulating lots of Mg2Si particles and a portion of primary silicon particles in the inner layer, a little MgzSi and primary silicon particles in the outer layer, and without any Mg2Si and primary silicon particle in the middle layer. The results of the analysis indicate that the rotation rate of centrifugal casting, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature have evidently affected the accumulation of the second phase particles. Also, the higher the centrifugal rotation rate, mould temperature, and melt pouring temperature are, the more evident in the inner layer the degree of accumulation of Mg2Si and primary silicon particles is.