Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by a compound casting

In this paper,the effect of the Si content on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by compound casting was investigated systematically.The obtained results showed that all the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites had a metallurgical reaction layer(MRL),whose thickness increased with increasing Si content for the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites,while the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites were opposite.The MRL included eutectic layer(E layer),intermetallic compound layer(IMC layer)and transition region layer(T layer).In the IMC layer,the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites contained some Si solid solution and flocculent Mg_(2)Si+Al-Mg IMCs phases not presented in the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites.Besides,increasing Si content,the thickness proportion of the T layer increased,forming an inconsistent preferred orientation of the MRL.The shear strengths of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites enhanced with increasing Si content,and the Al-15Si/AZ91D composite obtained a maximum shear strength of 58.6 MPa,which was 73.4% higher than the Al-6Si/AZ91D composite.The fractures of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites transformed from the T layer into the E layer with the increase of the Si content.The improvement of the shear strength of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites was attributed to the synergistic action of the Mg_(2)Si particle reinforcement,the reduction of oxidizing inclusions and the ratio of Al-Mg IMCs as well as the orientation change of the MRL.

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of in-situ Mg_2Si/AZ91D composites

The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure and properties of Mg2Si/AZ91D composites fabricated from Mg-SiO2 system via in-situ processing method was investigated.The results show that coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases can be formed by adding SiO2 into AZ91D magnesium alloy with Si content up to 1.5% of the alloy melt.During solution treatment,the morphology and distribution of the coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases are modified.Meanwhile,the β-Mg17Al12 phase is dissolved into the magnesium matrix.With increasing holding time,the coarse Mg2Si phases tend to dissolve,break and spheroidize.After solution treatment at 420 ℃ for 16 h,Mg2Si phases become the finest and relatively well-distributed phase.The tensile strength and elongation are increased by 14.9% and 38.9%,respectively.It is believed that the Mg2Si phases continuously dissolve and break,and finally the spheroidized Mg2Si particles are obtained due to the interface tension of Mg2Si/Mg interface.

Mechanism of microarc oxidation on AZ91D Mg alloy induced byβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase

This work proposed a strategy of indirectly inducing uniform microarc discharge by controlling the content and distribution ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in AZ91D Mg alloy.Two kinds of nano-particles(ZrO_(2)and TiO_(2))were designed to be added into the substrate of Mg alloy by friction stir processing(FSP).Then,Mg alloy sample designed with different precipitated morphology ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase was treated by microarc oxidation(MAO)in Na_(3)PO_(4)/Na2SiO3electrolyte.The characteristics and performance of the MAO coating was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),contact angle meter,and potentiodynamic polarization.It was found that the coarseα-Mg grains in extruded AZ91D Mg alloy were refined by FSP,and theβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase with reticular structure was broken and dispersed.The nano-ZrO_(2)particles were pinned at the grain boundary by FSP,which refined theα-Mg grain and promoted the precipitation ofβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase in grains.It effectively inhibited the“cascade”phenomenon of microarcs,which induced the uniform distribution of discharge pores.The MAO coating on Zr-FSP sample had good wettability and corrosion resistance.However,TiO_(2)particles were hardly detected in the coating on TiFSP sample.

Hot extrusion of SiC_p/AZ91 Mg matrix composites

SiC particles reinforced AZ91 Mg matrix composites （SiCp/AZ91） with SiC volume fractions of 5%, 10% and 15% were fabricated by stir casting. After T4 treatment, these composites were extruded at 350 °C with an extrusion ratio of 12：1. In the as-cast composite, particles segregated at a microscopic scale within the intergranular regions. Hot extrusion almost eliminated this particle aggregation and improved the particle distribution of the composites. In addition, extrusion refined the grains of matrix. The results show that hot extrusion significantly improves the mechanical properties of the composites. In the as-extruded composite, with the increase of SiCp contents, the grain size of the extruded composites decreases, the strength and elastic modulus increase but the elongation decreases.

选区激光熔化成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg大尺寸复杂构件

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形大尺寸复杂构件厚度多样、成形高度较高、方向复杂,需要研究构件微观组织均匀性和力学性能稳定性。本文以SLM成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg复合材料为研究对象,分析复合材料多级微观组织,对比不同成形厚度、高度、方向下复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合材料表现出熔池特征结构,细小等轴晶粒组织均匀分布且随机取向,纳米TiB_(2)颗粒在材料内部弥散分布。随成形厚度增加,复合材料伸长率保持稳定,抗拉强度受本征热处理影响略微增大;在不同成形高度下,复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率保持稳定;在不同成形方向下,复合材料抗拉强度保持稳定,伸长率受熔池结构影响在水平方向略高。基于以上结果,成功制备大飞机舱门铰链臂(588 mm×318 mm×470 mm)复杂结构件。

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-Mg_2Si in situ composite fabricated by repetitive upsetting

AZ31-4.6% Mg2Si （mass fraction） composite was prepared by conventional casting method. Repetitive upsetting （RU） was applied to severely deforming the as-cast composite at 400 ℃ for 1, 3, and 5 passes. Finite element analysis of the material flow indicates that deformation concentrates in the bottom region of the sample after 1 pass, and much more uniform deformation is obtained after 5 passes. During multi-pass RU process, both dendritic and Chinese script type Mg2Si phases are broken up into smaller particles owing to the shear stress forced by the matrix. With the increasing number of RU passes, finer grain size and more homogeneous distribution of Mg2Si particles are obtained along with significant enhancement in both strength and ductility. AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite exhibits tensile strength of 284 MPa and elongation of 9.8%after 5 RU passes at 400 ℃ compared with the initial 128 MPa and 5.4%of original AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite.

高能超声对Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料的影响

为改善原位颗粒增强镁基复合材料的性能,采用原位合成技术制备了Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料,通过在熔体中施加高能超声,研究了超声时间和超声功率对复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着超声时间的延长或超声功率的增大,复合材料中粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相变得细小、分布均匀,同时细小分布均匀的球化状β-Mg17Al12相增多;超声时间为6 min、超声功率为1.2 kW时,组织中呈短棒状的Mg2Si颗粒和球化状β-Mg17Al12相分布均匀,且复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大,分别为220.5 MPa和2.6%,较未施加超声的复合材料试样提高了22.3%和38.9%;再延长处理时间或增大输出功率,组织有粗化的趋势,复合材料的抗拉性能及伸长率也呈现先升后降趋势.

浇注方式和冷却速度对AZ91-0.45Si合金中Mg_2Si形态的影响

分别采用底注式和顶注式两种浇注系统,得到不同的AZ91-0.45Si镁合金组织,通过分析其铸态显微组织,比较合金中Mg2Si的形貌,探讨浇注方式和冷却速度对Mg2Si相形貌的影响。结果表明,含0.45Si的AZ91镁合金中存在两种形态的Mg2Si相,底注式试样Mg2Si呈不规则多边形,顶注式试样Mg2Si呈"汉字状"。分析认为,Mg2Si相形成的形态与冷却速度相关,冷却速度越快,过冷度和凝固速度就越大;Mg2Si相有足够的时间继续向四周长大,故顶注式试样中的Mg2Si相呈"汉字状"。

钇对Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料中Mg_2Si相变质的影响

研究了不同含量的钇对Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中Mg2Si相形貌的影响。结果表明:Y对Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中共晶Mg2Si有明显的细化变质效果,合金液经0.8%Y变质后,共晶Mg2Si相由粗大的树枝状或汉字状转变为颗粒状。在1.2%添加范围内,随Y加入量的增加,对共晶Mg2Si相的细化变质效果增强,未出现过变质现象。固溶处理能使Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料中枝状或汉字状Mg2Si发生部分溶解,并依靠原子扩散自发粒状化,Y的细化变质能促进Mg2Si相固溶处理时的粒状化。

铋含量对原位自生Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料组织与性能的影响

制备原位自生Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料,研究铋变质剂含量对复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入铋变质剂后,原位自生Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料中初生相Mg_2Si由粗大的树枝状变成细小的多边形状和颗粒状,共晶相Mg_2Si由汉字状变成短棒状和蠕虫状,Mg17Al12相由连续网状分布变成弥散板条状分布。铋含量为0.8%时,初生相Mg_2Si最细小,平均晶粒尺寸为13μm,比未变质时减小了81%。铋含量为0.8%时Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料力学性能最佳,抗拉强度和延伸率分别为290 MPa和6.7%,比未变质时分别提高25.5%和109%。

Te变质处理对原位自生Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料的影响

研究了Te变质处理对原位自生Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料组织与力学性能的影响,探索了变质机理。结果表明:Te变质使复合材料中初生Mg_2Si基本消失,共晶Mg_2Si数量增多,尺寸减小,并且部分共晶Mg_2Si由汉字状变成了蠕虫状和短杆状,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)由断续的网状变成了细小的板条状、颗粒状。α-Mg基体的晶粒尺寸随Te含量的增加而减小。Te含量为0.7%时,复合材料的室温和高温(150℃)力学性能最佳。

Si含量对Mg_2Si增强AZ91D复合材料组织与性能的影响

熔炼并浇注了Mg2Si增强AZ91D复合材料铸锭,并研究了Si含量对其铸态组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Mg2Si增强AZ91D复合材料中初生Mg2Si数量随着Si含量的增加而增多,其形状由细小的树枝状、块状、颗粒状变成粗大的树枝状。Si含量为2%时,初生Mg2Si最细小,平均晶粒尺寸达到15μm。随着Si含量的增加,Mg2Si增强AZ91D复合材料室温力学性能呈下降的变化趋势,Si含量为2%时,室温抗拉强度、条件屈服强度、伸长率分别达到281 MPa、132.3 MPa和6.4%。Si含量为2%时,Mg2Si增强AZ91D复合材料拉伸断口中出现了许多韧窝,撕裂棱非常明显,说明材料的塑性较好。

Sb变质对原位Mg2Si/AZ91复合材料组织的影响

Mg2Si颗粒增强镁基复合材料中Mg2Si是粗大的长条状,严重降低其力学性能。加入微量Sb元素可细化Mg2Si增强相,但是Sb在Mg2Si/AZ91复合材料中的细化机理尚不明确。为此,采用原位铸造的方法研究了不同Sb含量对Mg2Si/AZ91复合材料微观组织的影响。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子探针显微分析仪观测了不同Sb含量的Mg2Si/AZ91复合材料中Mg2Si的尺寸和形貌,并探究Sb元素细化Mg2Si的机理。采用Image-Pro Plus软件统计了Mg2Si颗粒的平均尺寸以及形状因子的变化。实验结果表明:添加Sb后基体中汉字状的共晶Mg2Si消失,且初生Mg2Si的平均尺寸不断降低,当Sb的质量分数为2%时,初生Mg2Si颗粒尺寸细化至13.8μm(降低80.1%),分布更均匀;随着Sb含量增加,Mg2Si形状因子越来越趋向于1,形貌由粗大的树突状、长条状转变成细小的多边形;在凝固过程中,Sb富集在Mg2Si固液生长界面前沿,降低了初生Mg2Si的实际析出温度和Mg2Si与熔体的界面张力,提高了过冷度,增大了Mg2Si的形核率。同时,富集在Mg2Si表面的Sb毒化了Mg2Si的生长步骤,Mg2Si各向同性生长,形貌得到改善。

Characteristics of two Al based functionally gradient composites reinforced by primary Si particles and Si/in situ Mg_2Si particles in centrifugal casting

Two kinds of Al based functionally gradient composite tubes reinforced by primary Si particles alone and primary Si/in situ Mg2Si particles jointly were successfully prepared by centrifugal casting,and their structural and mechanical characters were compared.It is found that the composite reinforced with primary Si particles takes a characteristic of particles distribution both in the inner and outer layers.However,composite reinforced with primary Si/Mg2Si particles jointly takes a characteristic of particles distribution only in the inner layer and shows a sudden change of particles distribution across the section of inner and outer layers.The hardness and wear resistance of Al-19Si-5Mg tube in the inner layer are greatly higher than that in the other layers of Al-19Si-5Mg tube and Al-19Si tube.Theoretical analysis reveals that the existence of Mg2Si particles is the key factor to form this sudden change of gradient distribution of two kinds of particles.Because Mg2Si particles with a lower density have a higher centripetal moving velocity than primary Si particles,in a field of centrifugal force,they would collide with primary Si particles and then impel the later to move together forward to the inner layer of the tube.

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of in Situ Primary Si/Mg_2Si Locally Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Piston by Centrifugal Casting

Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, some technologies were invented, such as mounting high Ni cast iron ring around the first ring groove in Al alloy piston body and thermal resistant steel on piston top surface, and fabricating Al composite pistons by squeeze casting for enhancing the whole or local piston performance. In this paper, composite pistons locally reinforced with in situ primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles are fabricated by centrifugal casting. The microstructure characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of the composite piston are investigated and the motion characteristic of the in situ particles in centrifugal field is analyzed. The results of the experiments show that primary Si and Mg2Si particles mix up with each other in melt and segregate at the regions of piston top and piston ring grooves under the effect of centrifugal force. Particulate reinforced regions have a higher hardness and better wear resistance compared with the unreinforced regions and this performance increases after heat treatment. The analysis result of particle movement shows that, primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles move at approximately the same velocity in the centrifugal field, because of the growth of primary Si and fusion after colliding between primary Si particles, which compromised the velocity difference of primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles caused by the difference of their densities. Research results have some theory significance and applicative value of project in development of new aluminum matrix composites piston products.

Effect of Sb on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg_2Si/Al-Si composites

The effect of Sb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites was investigated.The results show that Sb can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites.When the content of Sb is 0.4%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si changes from dendrites to fine particles,the average size of Mg2Si particles is refined from 52 to 25μm,and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composites increase from 102.1 MPa and 0.26% to 138.6 MPa and 0.36%,respectively.The strengthening mechanism can be attributed to the fine-grain strengthening.However,excessive Sb is disadvantageous to the modification of the composites.

Rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg_2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composites at steady state

The microstructure and rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state were investigated.The results show that the primary α-Mg phases are knapped by mechanical stirring and the Chinese script type reinforced Mg2Si phases exist in liquid phase and grain boundary.The analysis of apparent viscosity indicates that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state increases with increasing the volume fraction of Mg2Si and solid fraction of primary α-Mg,but decreases with increasing the shearing rate and shearing time,and the apparent viscosity keeps stable when shearing time reaches 300 s.

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Al-based Gradient Composites Reinforced with Primary Si and Mg_2Si Particles through Centrifugal Casting

The structure and mechanical properties of a new type of Al-based discontinuous gradient composites prepared by using the ternary AI-19Si-5Mg alloys as the raw material adopting the centrifugal casting method were investigated. Structurally, the composites are divided into two zones： a reinforced zone with the high volume fraction of primary Si and Mg2Si particles and an unreinforced zone with no or a few particles. In the reinforced zone, the primary particles are evenly distributed, with the sizes of the primary Si particles 80-120 μm, and that of primary Mg2Si particles 20-50 μm. The properties test results show the reinforced zone has higher Rockwell hardness and better wear resistance than the unreinforced zone, due to the complementary reinforcement relationship between the primary Si and Mg2Si particles and their high volume fraction.

Influence of Sb modification on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg2 Si/AM60 composites

The refining effect and mechanism of Sb on Mg2Si and the microstructure of the matrix were investigated.The results indicate that there are Mg3Sb2 particles in the composites with the addition of Sb,and Mg3Sb2 can promote the formation of fine polygonal type Mg2Si by providing nucleation site.Meanwhile,the grain size of Sb modified alloy is finer than that of the matrix. The improved microstructure results in the improvement of mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength is increased by 12.2%with the addition of 0.8%Sb.

半固态等温热处理对原位Mg_(2)Si/AZ91复合材料组织及性能的影响

为解决高体积分数Mg_(2)Si增强镁基复合材料中初生Mg_(2)Si相尺寸粗大导致的复合材料力学性能不佳的问题,提出了等温热处理细化Mg_(2)Si形貌的方法。研究了等温热处理对体积分数为10%的Mg_(2)Si/AZ91复合材料中Mg_(2)Si形貌、基体组织及硬度的影响规律,并揭示其演化机理。结果表明:在等温热处理过程中,初生Mg_(2)Si相曲率较小处优先溶解,导致初生Mg_(2)Si相在枝晶壁处熔断形成独立的颗粒,随后转变为具有最低表面能的球状,随着保温时间的延长,发生合并长大。对复合材料进行不同参数的等温热处理后发现,在510℃保温60min后,初生Mg_(2)Si相的细化效果最好,颗粒尺寸达到30.6μm,较原始试样减小了58.6%。在热处理过程中,α-Mg枝晶与沿晶界分布的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相发生成分均匀化,α-Mg晶界圆整化并且晶粒尺寸减小;复合材料硬度在等温热处理后显著降低,但随着初生Mg_(2)Si相和的α-Mg晶粒的细化,硬度有所回升,其硬度变化的主要机制是固溶强化、硬质相消失、细晶强化的共同作用。该研究为Mg_(2)Si/AZ91复合材料形貌改善以及性能提升提供了实验基础和理论依据。