Effect of CaO doping on mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe_2O_4 composite ceramics

The CaO doped 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing-sintering process, and the effects of CaO content on the phase composition, mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were studied. The results show that the samples mainly consist of NiO and NiFe2O4 when content of CaO is less than 4%(mass fraction), bending strength increases obviously by CaO doping. Bending strength of the samples doped with 2% CaO is above 185 MPa, but that of the samples without CaO is only 60 MPa. Fracture toughness is improved obviously by CaO doping, the samples doped with 2% CaO have the maximum fracture toughness of 2.12 MPa ·m1/2 , which is about two times of that of the undoped ceramics. CaO doping is bad to thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics.

Mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of tungsten alloys strengthened by laser fragmentation-processed zirconium carbide nanoparticles

Zirconium carbide(ZrC)nanoparticles with an average size of 5.6 nm were synthesized through laser fragmentation(LF)from as-received 20-60 nm ZrC particles,and LF-ZrC nanoparticle dispersion-strengthened tungsten(LF-WZC)samples were fabricated by spark plasma sintering method.The average grain size of LF-WZC is 1.91μm and most ZrC particles in LF-WZC are smaller than 10 nm.LF-WZC exhibits finer grain size,higher yield strength and hardness but lower ductility as compared with W-ZrC samples using as-received ZrC(WZC).The results showed that finer ZrC nanoparticles dispersed in tungsten can enhance the strength by hindering the motion of dislocations,but they may also introduce stress concentra-tion and thus reduce the ductility.The thermal shock resistance of the WZC and LF-WZC samples was investigated using an electron beam device.The LF-WZC sample also exhibits a higher cracking threshold(0.33-0.44 GW·m^(−2))than WZC(0.22-0.33 GW·m^(−2))at room temperature.The enhanced thermal shock resistance of LF-WZC could be attributed to its high yield strength.

Effects of mechanical boundary conditions on thermal shock resistance of ultra-high temperature ceramics

The effects of mechanical boundary conditions, often encountered in thermalstructural engineering, on the thermal shock resistance（TSR） of ultra-high temperature ceramics（UHTCs） are studied by investigating the TSR of a UHTC plate with various types of constraints under the first, second, and third type of thermal boundary conditions. The TSR of UHTCs is strongly dependent on the heat transfer modes and severity of the thermal environments. Constraining the displacement of the lower surface in the thickness direction can significantly decrease the TSR of the UHTC plate, which is subject to the thermal shock at the upper surface. In contrast, the TSR of the UHTC plate with simply supported edges or clamped edges around the lower surface is much better.

Enhanced mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of Si_2BC_3N ceramics with SiC coated MWCNTs

Bulk Si_2 BC_3 N ceramics were reinforced with SiC coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). The phase compositions, mechanical properties, and thermal shock resistance, as well as the oxidation resistance of the designed Si_2 BC_3 N ceramics were comparatively investigated. The results show that nano SiC coating can be formed on MWCNTs through pyrolyzing polysilazane, which improves the oxidation resistance of MWCNTs. A stronger chemical bonding is formed between the SiC coated MWCNTs and SiC particles, contributing to improved flexural strength(532.1 MPa) and fracture toughness(6.66 MPa m1/2). Besides, the 2 vol% SiC coated MWCNTs reinforced Si_2 BC_3 N ceramics maintains much higher residual strength(193.0 MPa) after thermal shock test at 1000 ℃.The enhanced properties should be attributed to:(1) the breaking of MWCNTs and the debonding between MWCNTs and SiC interfaces, which leads to more energy dissipation;(2) the rough surfaces of SiC coated MWCNTs increase the adhesion strength during the "pull out" of MWCNTs.

Preparation and Thermal Shock Resistance of Mullite and Corundum Co-bonded SiC Ceramics for Solar Thermal Storage

Mullite and corundum co-bonded SiC-based composite ceramics(SiC-mullite-Al2O3)were prepared by using SiC,calcined bauxite and kaolin via pressureless carbon-buried sintering.The low-cost SiC-based composite ceramics designed in this study are expected to be used as thermal storage materials in solar thermal power generation based on the high density and excellent thermal shock resistance.The influences of calcined bauxite addition and sintering temperature on the microstructures,phase compositions,and physical properties of the samples were investigated.Results demonstrated that the introduction of calcined bauxite containing two bonding phases greatly reduced the lowest sintering temperature to 1400℃.The SiC-mullite Al2O3 composite with 40 wt%calcined bauxite sintered at 1500℃exhibited optimum performance.The density and bending strength were 2.27 g·cm^-3 and 77.05 MPa.The bending strength increased by 24.58%and no cracks were observed after 30 thermal shock cycles,while general clay would reduce the thermal shock resistance of SiC.The SiC-mullite-Al2O3 composites with satisfied performance are expected to be used as thermal storage materials in solar thermal power generation systems.

Efficient fabrication of light Cf/SiHfBOC composites with excellent thermal shock resistance and ultra-high-temperature ablation up to 1800℃

In this paper,a high-yield Hf-modified SiHfBOC ceramic precursor was developed,and a high-pressure assisted impregnation pyrolysis method was proposed to achieve the preparation of 3D PyC–Cf/SiHfBOC composites.This high-pressure assisted impregnation method significantly improves impregnation filling effect of the precursor in and between fiber bundles compared to dozens of traditional impregnation cycles.After undergoing just 9 precursor infiltration pyrolysis(PIP)cycles,the composites achieved relative density of approximately 90%and density of 1.64 g/cm^(3).The critical temperature difference of the 3D PyC–Cf/SiHfBOC composites after the shock of room temperature(RT)–1000℃is as high as 650℃,which is twice that of traditional ceramic materials,showing good thermal shock resistance.Under the effect of Hf modification,a dense HfO_(2)–SiO_(2)oxide layer(thickness of 93μm)was formed in situ on the surface of the 3D PyC–Cf/SiHfBOC composites,effectively preventing further erosion of the composite matrix by high-temperature oxidation gas.Even in the ultra-high-temperature oxygen-containing environment at 1800℃,it still exhibits an excellent non-ablative result(with a linear ablation rate of 0.83×10^(−4)mm/s).This work not only enriches the basic research on lightweight ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites converted from Hf ceramic precursors,but also provides strong technical support for their applications in ultra-high-temperature non-ablative thermal protection materials for high-speed aircraft.

Influence of Pyrocarbon Matrix Concentration on Thermal Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pitch-based Carbon/carbon Composites

The effect of pyrocarbon(PyC) concentration on the thermal physical and mechanical properties of quasi 3dimensional carbon fiber fabrics reinforced pitch-based carbon matrix composites was investigated.As the PyC concen-tration increased from 0 to 22.9vol.%,the tensile strength of pitch-based C/C(Carbon/Carbon) composites initially in-creased and then decreased,so was the tensile modulus.The coefficients of thermal expansion(CTE) were in the sequence of 10.2vol.%<0<22.9vol.%in Z direction.Under the same temperature conditions,PyC layer had a positive-going influence on the TC of the C/C composite,the composite with 22.9vol.%PyC concentrations possessed the highest TC value.The thermal shock resistance of the material with 10.2vol.%PyC concentrations showed the highest value.It is logical to conclude that by adding the a suitable PyC concentration into the carbon fabrics,thermo- mechanical properties,the major concerns for the safety design of load-bearing structural parts,can be tailored,which increase the reliability of pitch-based C/C composites as a structure unit.

Oxidation and Mechanical Properties of SiC/SiC-MoSi_2-ZrB_2 Coating for Carbon/Carbon Composites

To improve oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon （C/C） composites, a SiC/SiC-MoSi2-ZrB2 double-layer ceramic coating was prepared on C/C composites by two-step pack cementation. The phase compositions and microstructures of as-prepared multilayer coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The oxidation resistance at 1773 K and the effect of thermal shock between 1773 K and room temperature on mechanical performance of coated specimens were investigated. The results show that the SiC/SiC-MoSi2-ZrB2 coating exhibits dense structure and is composed of SiC, Si, MoSi2 and ZrB2. It can protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1773 K for more than 510 h with weight loss of 0.5%. The excellent anti-oxidation performance of the coating is due to the formation of SiO2-ZrSiO4 complex glassy film. The coating can also endure the thermal shocks between 1773 K and room temperature for 20 times with residual flexural strength of 86.1%.

A novel route to enhance high-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of low-carbon Mgo-C bricks by introducing ZrSiO_(4)

Conventional MgO-C bricks(graphite content>14 wt.%)produce a great deal of greenhouse gas emission,while low-carbon MgO-C bricks have serious thermal shock resistance during high-temperature service.To enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks,a novel route of introducing ZrSiO_(4) powder into low-carbon MgO-C bricks was reported in such refractories with 2 wt.% flaky graphite.The results indicate that the low-carbon MgO-C brick with 0.5 wt.%ZrSiO_(4) addition has the maximum hot modulus of rupture at 1400℃ and the corresponding specimen fired in the carbon embedded atmosphere has the maximum residual strength ratio(98.6%)after three thermal shock cycles.It is found that some needle-like AlON and plate-like Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2) composites were in situ formed in the matrices after the low-carbon MgO-C bricks were coked at 1400℃,which can enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance due to the effect of fiber toughening and particle toughening.Moreover,CO_(2) emission of the newly developed low-carbon MgO-C bricks is reduced by 58.3% per ton steel after using them as the working lining of a 90 t vacuum oxygen decarburization ladle.

偏组成堇青石陶瓷材料结构与性能

堇青石陶瓷具有热膨胀系数低、抗热震性好、耐高温等特点,被广泛应用于高低温急剧变化的环境。如何进一步降低堇青石陶瓷的热膨胀系数,提升其使用性能,仍然是国内外研究的热点,以单层片状结构的苏州高岭土、滑石和γ-Al_(2)O_(3)为原料,设计了不同的配比组成并制备了堇青石低膨胀陶瓷样品。采用XRD、SEM、CTE和EPMA等测试技术对样品的结构和性能进行了表征。探究了偏化学计量不同配比组成对合成堇青石陶瓷的结构与性能的影响。结果表明:偏镁样品(Si/Al为1.34时)合成的是单一的纯相堇青石;样品的热膨胀系数为1.91×10^(-6)℃^(-1) (25℃~800℃),抗折强度为50 MPa,气孔率为20%,体积密度为1.90 g·cm^(-3)。风冷热震循环试验(25℃~1000℃) 30次后抗折强度损失率仅为2.66%。偏镁组成中的MgO促进了高温液相的生成,液相传质推动高温化学反应充分进行,提高了样品中的堇青石含量(达到了99 wt.%),生成的堇青石晶粒定向排列,降低了样品的热膨胀系数,提高了样品的抗热震性。

轻质高强莫来石浇注料的组分优化和性能增强

为积极响应双碳政策,减少工业能源消耗,亟需开发轻质高强耐火材料。以微孔莫来石、莫来石细粉、氧化铝微粉、氧化铝空心球和二氧化硅微粉为原料,水泥为结合剂,制备了轻质莫来石质浇注料,研究了氧化铝空心球加入量(加入质量分数分别为0、3%、6%和9%)对莫来石浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:氧化铝空心球能提高试样的气孔率,并促进氧化铝微粉和二氧化硅微粉生成莫来石相,解决了试样因显气孔率增大而力学性能降低幅度较大的问题。随着氧化铝空心球加入量的增加,试样的显气孔率明显增加,体积密度降低,热导率显著下降,抗热震性提高,强度降低较少。当氧化铝空心球添加量为9%(w)时,试样经1400℃热处理后的显气孔率较高,体积密度和热导率较低,但常温强度仍然较高。

MgO-SiC-C复合材料力学性能和抗热震性能研究

对MgO SiC C复合材料的力学性能和抗热震性能的研究结果表明 :SiC含量增加 ,材料的强度和抗热震性能提高。升温过程中结合剂结构的变化对MgO SiC

玄武岩纤维/APAO复合改性沥青高低温流变性能和抗热氧老化性能研究

为了避免或减少沥青病害出现,选取玄武岩纤维和APAO作为沥青的改性剂,成功制备了高低温流变性能以及抗热氧老化性能具佳的玄武岩纤维/APAO复合改性沥青。通过DSR以及BBR试验,研究APAO改性沥青和玄武岩纤维/APAO复合改性沥青的高低温流变性能和抗热氧老化性能,并通过高低温连续分级温度,确定玄武岩纤维和APAO的最佳掺量;通过红外光谱分析其老化机理。结果表明:APAO可明显改善沥青的高温流变性能和抗热氧老化性能;但是APAO也明显损害了沥青的低温流变性能;而玄武岩纤维对于沥青的低温流变性能和抗低温热氧老化性能改善作用明显。玄武岩纤维的最佳推荐掺量为2%,APAO的最佳掺量推荐为2%,在此掺量下沥青各项性能良好,高低温流变性能和抗热氧老化性能兼备。通过红外光谱分析可知:玄武岩纤维对于沥青是物理改性;APAO与沥青中的组分相结合,增强了沥青相关吸收峰强度;玄武岩纤维在沥青热氧老化过程中可以抑制羰基和亚砜基官能团的生成,抗热氧老化性能比APAO更好。

氧化锆-堇青石复相涂层对氧化铝基体影响的研究

在陶瓷材料表面引入压应力涂层已经被证明可以提高其强度和韧性。用高纯堇青石粉和氧化锆细粉制备了堇青石-氧化锆复相涂层浆料,将加工好的氧化铝样条浸润于浆料中,经过无压烧结制备出复相涂层增强的氧化铝材料。研究了不同氧化锆添加量(质量分数)的涂层对基体的整体性能的影响,结果表明,当复相涂层含质量分数为10%的氧化锆时其表面残余压应力为最大值1.34 GPa,相应地其弯曲强度也为最大值376.55 MPa,相比于未镀层的基体试样其弯曲强度增长了64.6%。此外,对试样还进行了高温弹性模量的试验,并分析了其弹性模量随温度变化的具体原因。镀层试样还进行了导热系数的试验,发现随着低热导率材料的加入,镀层试样的热导率也随之下降。最后由于表面残余压应力的存在,镀层试样相较于基体材料展现出了较好的抗热震性能,在900℃前,镀层试样水淬后的剩余强度均大于未镀层试样。

Preparation and Characterization of Mullite-Silicon Carbide Heat Absorbing Ceramics for Solar Thermal Tower Plant

The in-situ synthesized mullite bonded SiC ceramics for solar thermal tower plant were prepared from Silicon carbide （SIC）, manufactured aluminum hydroxide （Al（OH）3） and Suzhou kaolin via semi-dry pressing and pressureless firing. The results indicate that sample B3 （designed mullite content 15 wt%） fired at 1 400 ℃ exhibited optimal performance with a bending strength of 97.41 MPa. Sample B3 can withstand 30-cycles thermal shock without cracking （wind cooling from 1 100 ℃ to room temperature）, and the bending strength after thermal shock decreased by 17.92%. When the service temperature is 600℃, the thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and heat capacity are 6.48× 10-2 cm：.s-1, 0.69 kJ·kg-1. K-1, 9.62 W·m-1·K-1 and 977.76 kJ·kg-1, respectively. The XRD and SEM results show that SiC, mullite, or-quartz, and tridymite are connected closely, which gives the material a good bending strength. After 30-time thermal shock cycles, the structure of samples becomes loose. SiC grains are intersectingly arranged with rodshape mullite, exhibiting a favorable thermal shock resistance. The addition of Al（OH）3 and Suzhou kaolin can accelerate the synthesis of mullite, thus to reduce the firing temperature effectively. The volume effect of tfidymite is relatively small, improving the thermal shock resistance of materials. A higher designed muUite content yields a lower loss rate of bending strength. The mullite content should not be more than 15 wt% or else the bending strength would be diminished.

热震对银-铝复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用电镀的方法在铝合金表面制备银镀层,对银-铝复合材料试样进行热震试验。利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计研究热震试验对材料形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明,热震试验保温时间30 min后,相较于未热震试验的硬度无明显变化,随着保温时间的延长,铝基体和银镀层硬度大幅降低;且加热后空冷银镀层的硬度略高于水冷银镀层的硬度;同时,热震试验190℃、30 min后基体晶粒细化,而热震试验190℃、2 h后晶粒有长大趋势。

反应型阻燃剂ODOPOM阻燃硅烷交联POE复合材料的研究

合成反应型阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-羟甲基-10-氧化物(ODOPOM),用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和氢、碳、磷核磁共振光谱表征其化学结构。将ODOPOM与硅烷接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混后经过温水浸泡制备反应型阻燃硅烷交联POE复合材料。研究并讨论了ODOPOM用量对硅烷交联POE的阻燃性能、耐水性能、力学性能、热稳定性能等的影响,并讨论其阻燃机理。

湿法混炼技术制备环烷油增塑天然橡胶/白炭黑复合材料的性能

使用优选的乳化剂对增塑剂环烷油(NAP)进行乳化,制得均一稳定的NAP乳化液,采用湿法混炼技术,使用所得的NAP乳化液与天然胶乳和白炭黑(SiO_(2))浆液制备了NAP增塑的天然橡胶(NR)/SiO_(2)(NAP/NR/SiO_(2))复合材料,研究了NAP添加量对NAP/NR/SiO_(2)复合材料门尼黏度、物理机械性能、动态力学性能、SiO_(2)分散性、耐热空气老化性能和屈挠龟裂性能的影响。结果表明,NAP/NR/SiO_(2)复合材料的门尼黏度较NR/SiO_(2)复合材料显著降低,Payne效应明显减弱,而动态力学性能和加工性能则明显提升;NAP添加量为10份(质量)时,NAP/NR/SiO_(2)复合材料的综合性能达到最佳,其拉伸强度与NR/SiO_(2)复合材料相比略微下降,而扯断伸长率则有不同程度的上升;加入NAP后,NR/SiO_(2)复合材料的耐热空气老化性能和屈挠龟裂性能得到了改善。

不同氢化丁腈橡胶结构与性能对比

主要对赞南科技(上海)有限公司和日本Zeon公司的同类牌号氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)的分子量及其分布、分子结构组成、硫化特性、门尼黏度、物理机械性能、耐热氧老化性能、低温性能、催化剂残余量等进行了对比。结果表明,赞南科技(上海)有限公司的HNBR产品ZN 35156与Zeon公司的Zetpol 2010 L相比,二者的分子量及其分布、分子结构组成、生胶门尼黏度、混炼胶焦烧时间、耐热氧老化性能和低温性能基本相当,其中ZN 35156生胶饱和度略低,混炼胶的硫化速率略快、加工性能稍差,而其硫化胶的硬度、拉伸强度等物理机械性能略优;赞南科技(上海)有限公司的HNBR产品ZN 35158与Zeon公司的Zetpol 2010相比,二者的分子量及其分布、生胶门尼黏度、混炼胶焦烧时间、硫化胶耐热氧老化性能基本一致,其中Z N 35158生胶结合丙烯腈含量高于Zetpol 2010,混炼胶的硫化速率略快、加工性能略差,硫化胶低温性能也略差,而其硫化胶的硬度、拉伸强度等物理机械性能略优;赞南科技(上海)有限公司和Zeon公司所用的加氢催化剂分别为钌系催化剂和钯系催化剂,而赞南科技(上海)有限公司HNBR产品中的催化剂残余量相对较低。

国产高模量碳纤维复合材料耐冷热冲击性能研究

低轨道航天器由于反复进出地球阴影区,会受到频繁的冷热冲击,因此研究冷热冲击对低轨航天器用高模量碳纤维CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料力学性能与质量损失率的影响十分重要。对CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料进行了冷热冲击试验,对不同冷热冲击次数后的CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料进行了力学性能测试和质量损失测试,并采用SEM、FTIR、XPS等分析比较了冷热冲击前后复合材料样品的表面形貌、微观结构和化学组成等。结果表明,经过500次冷热冲击后,CCM40J/氰酸酯复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和层间剪切强度分别降低0.90%、2.13%、3.72%、2.70%和6.49%,质量损失率远低于1%,且没有发生新的化学反应,满足航天器的应用需求。