Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess...Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.展开更多
To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communit...To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communities and the environmental properties of the surface waters surrounding the Five Southern Islands of Miaodao Archipelago were investigated, based on seasonal field survey conducted from November 2012 to August 2013. During the survey, a total of 109 phytoplankton species from 3 groups were identified in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, of which 77 were diatoms, 29 were dinoflagellates, and 3 were chrysophytes. Species number was higher in winter（73）, moderate in autumn（70）, but lower in summer（31） and spring（27）. The species richness index in autumn（5.92） and winter（4.28） was higher than that in summer（2.83） and spring（1.41）.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was high in autumn（2.82）, followed by winter（1.99） and summer（1.92）, and low in spring（0.07）. The species evenness index in autumn（0.46） and summer（0.39） was higher than that in winter（0.32） and spring（0.02）. On the basis of principal component analysis（PCA） and redundancy analysis（RDA）, we found that dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） and chemical oxygen demand（COD） in spring, COD in summer, p H in autumn, and salinity and oil pollutant in winter, respectively, showed the strongest association with the distribution of phytoplankton diversity. The spatial heterogeneity of the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago was quite obvious, and three zones, i.e., northeastern, southwestern and inter-island water area, were identified by cluster analysis（CA） based on key environmental variables.展开更多
The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities....The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities.In this work,we studied the variation in landscape pattern of the Miaodao Archipelago in Bohai Sea,North China,from 1990 to 2019,and an evaluation index system was established to explore the impacts of natural conditions and human disturbances on the ecological effects in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework.Empirical analysis was conducted on the natural conditions,human disturbances,and ecological effects.The results show that forest was the main component of the landscape pattern in the archipelago.Both of the areas offorest and construction land were increasing,and the areas of cropland and grassland were declining.Other landscape types changed slightly,and the landscape fragmentation was increasing.The natural condition exhibited positive effects while human disturbance showed negative effects on the local ecology.Human disturbances come mainly from shoreline use while the natural conditions were mainly from the elevation change.The ecological effects were resulted mainly from the net primary productivity and water yield.展开更多
净初级生产力(NPP)估算对于海岛碳源/汇研究具有重要意义。以庙岛群岛南五岛为例,结合CASA模型和区域特征构建NPP估算模型,借助RS和GIS技术进行NPP估算,进而分析南五岛NPP空间分布特征及其影响因子。结果表明:南五岛NPP总量为11043.52 t...净初级生产力(NPP)估算对于海岛碳源/汇研究具有重要意义。以庙岛群岛南五岛为例,结合CASA模型和区域特征构建NPP估算模型,借助RS和GIS技术进行NPP估算,进而分析南五岛NPP空间分布特征及其影响因子。结果表明:南五岛NPP总量为11043.52 t C/a,平均密度为340.19 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),处于全国平均水平,高于同纬度的西部地区,低于东部沿海大陆地区;夏季NPP总量占全年的80%左右,春季和秋季分别占11%和7%,冬季仅占1.3%;不同海岛的NPP平均密度由大到小依次为大黑山岛、北长山岛、庙岛、南长山岛和小黑山岛,各岛NPP平均密度与建设用地比例呈明显负相关;不同地表覆盖类型的NPP平均密度由大到小依次为阔叶林、针叶林、农田、草地、建设用地和裸地,林地具有较高的NPP值,说明南五岛的人工林建设具有重要生态作用;NDVI和地表覆盖类型是NPP最主要的影响参数,地形参数通过影响NDVI和地表覆盖类型间接作用于NPP结果;NPP与土壤p H、有效磷、全磷、全钾呈显著负相关,与全氮、总碳、总有机碳呈显著正相关,与含水量、速效钾和含盐量之间相关关系不明显。展开更多
基金The Special Project of Science and Technology Fundamental Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2012FY112500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41206111
文摘Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.
基金The Special Project of Science and Technology Fundamental Work from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under contract No.2012FY112500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41206111 and 41206112
文摘To study the water quality influenced by the anthropogenic activities and its impact on the phytoplankton diversity in the surface waters of Miaodao Archipelago, the spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton communities and the environmental properties of the surface waters surrounding the Five Southern Islands of Miaodao Archipelago were investigated, based on seasonal field survey conducted from November 2012 to August 2013. During the survey, a total of 109 phytoplankton species from 3 groups were identified in the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago, of which 77 were diatoms, 29 were dinoflagellates, and 3 were chrysophytes. Species number was higher in winter（73）, moderate in autumn（70）, but lower in summer（31） and spring（27）. The species richness index in autumn（5.92） and winter（4.28） was higher than that in summer（2.83） and spring（1.41）.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was high in autumn（2.82）, followed by winter（1.99） and summer（1.92）, and low in spring（0.07）. The species evenness index in autumn（0.46） and summer（0.39） was higher than that in winter（0.32） and spring（0.02）. On the basis of principal component analysis（PCA） and redundancy analysis（RDA）, we found that dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） and chemical oxygen demand（COD） in spring, COD in summer, p H in autumn, and salinity and oil pollutant in winter, respectively, showed the strongest association with the distribution of phytoplankton diversity. The spatial heterogeneity of the southern waters of Miaodao Archipelago was quite obvious, and three zones, i.e., northeastern, southwestern and inter-island water area, were identified by cluster analysis（CA） based on key environmental variables.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900806)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1806214)the landscape pattern analysis and remote sensing interpretation work were supported by the Shandong Ocean Special Fund“Ocean Health”Key Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2018SDKJ05)。
文摘The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities.In this work,we studied the variation in landscape pattern of the Miaodao Archipelago in Bohai Sea,North China,from 1990 to 2019,and an evaluation index system was established to explore the impacts of natural conditions and human disturbances on the ecological effects in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework.Empirical analysis was conducted on the natural conditions,human disturbances,and ecological effects.The results show that forest was the main component of the landscape pattern in the archipelago.Both of the areas offorest and construction land were increasing,and the areas of cropland and grassland were declining.Other landscape types changed slightly,and the landscape fragmentation was increasing.The natural condition exhibited positive effects while human disturbance showed negative effects on the local ecology.Human disturbances come mainly from shoreline use while the natural conditions were mainly from the elevation change.The ecological effects were resulted mainly from the net primary productivity and water yield.
文摘净初级生产力(NPP)估算对于海岛碳源/汇研究具有重要意义。以庙岛群岛南五岛为例,结合CASA模型和区域特征构建NPP估算模型,借助RS和GIS技术进行NPP估算,进而分析南五岛NPP空间分布特征及其影响因子。结果表明:南五岛NPP总量为11043.52 t C/a,平均密度为340.19 g C m^(-2)a^(-1),处于全国平均水平,高于同纬度的西部地区,低于东部沿海大陆地区;夏季NPP总量占全年的80%左右,春季和秋季分别占11%和7%,冬季仅占1.3%;不同海岛的NPP平均密度由大到小依次为大黑山岛、北长山岛、庙岛、南长山岛和小黑山岛,各岛NPP平均密度与建设用地比例呈明显负相关;不同地表覆盖类型的NPP平均密度由大到小依次为阔叶林、针叶林、农田、草地、建设用地和裸地,林地具有较高的NPP值,说明南五岛的人工林建设具有重要生态作用;NDVI和地表覆盖类型是NPP最主要的影响参数,地形参数通过影响NDVI和地表覆盖类型间接作用于NPP结果;NPP与土壤p H、有效磷、全磷、全钾呈显著负相关,与全氮、总碳、总有机碳呈显著正相关,与含水量、速效钾和含盐量之间相关关系不明显。
